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Biomedical subjects

K Chida

Publications and source records attributed to K Chida.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Aspergillosis with non-cavitary lung cancer].

Growth of Aspergillus was observed in the necrotic tissue of non-cavitary lung cancer. Case 1 was a 60-year-old male complaining of cough and fever and was found to have left lower lobe atelectasis on chest X-ray. Bronchoscopic examination showed the yellow soft lesion occluding the left upper and lower lobe bronchus. Specimen from the lesion demonstrated adenocarcinoma and hyphae of Aspergillus in the necrotic tumor. Case 2 was a 53-year-old male who was found to have a left upper lobe mass by chest X-ray screening. Bronchoscopic examination showed the yellow polypoid lesion occluding the left upper division bronchus. Pneumonectomy was done and resected specimen of the lesion demonstrated adenocarcinoma and the hyphae of Aspergillus growing in both necrotic tissue and cancer tissue. As both patients had hyphae of Aspergillus in the necrotic tumor, it is considered that the presence of necrosis may cause the growth of Aspergillus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Involvement of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 in disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is uncertain. A study was undertaken to detect the virus in IPF as well as to clarify the influence of EBV on the clinical features of the disease. METHODS: Twenty nine lung specimens were obtained from patients with IPF, as well as five specimens from patients with systemic sclerosis with pulmonary fibrosis (SSc) and 15 specimens from controls. EBV DNA and EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) were detected using the PCR method and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. RESULTS: EBV DNA was detected in 24 of 25 patients with IPF (96%), in all five patients with SSc (100%), and in 10 of 14 controls (71%). The detection ratio was significantly higher in patients with IPF than in controls (p = 0.047, odds ratio (OR) = 9.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9 to 96.9). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cuboidal epithelial cells were positively stained with anti-LMP1 antibody in nine of the 29 lung specimens from IPF patients. In contrast, neither the patients with SSc nor the control subjects showed positive staining. In the follow up periods LMP1 positive patients with IPF died more frequently from respiratory failure than LMP1 negative patients (4/9 versus 1/20; p = 0.022, OR = 15.20, 95% CI 1. 3 to 168.0). CONCLUSIONS: EBV LMP1 positivity may be associated with more rapid disease progression in IPF.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effect of erythromycin on ATP-induced intracellular calcium response in A549 cells.

ATP induced a biphasic increase in the intracellular Ca(2+)concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), an initial spike, and a subsequent plateau in A549 cells. Erythromycin (EM) suppressed the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) spike but only in the presence of extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)(o)). It was ineffective against ATP- and UTP-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] formation and UTP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) spike, implying that EM perturbs Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular space rather than Ca(2+)release from intracellular Ca(2+) stores via the G protein-phospholipase C-Ins(1,4,5)P(3) pathway. A verapamil-sensitive, KCl-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and the Ca(2+) influx activated by Ca(2+) store depletion were insensitive to EM. 3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP evoked an Ca(2+)(o)-dependent [Ca(2+)](i) response even in the presence of verapamil or the absence of extracellular Na(+), and this response was almost completely abolished by EM pretreatment. RT-PCR analyses revealed that P2X(4) as well as P2Y(2), P2Y(4), and P2Y(6) are coexpressed in this cell line. These results suggest that in A549 cells 1) the coexpressed P2X(4) and P2Y(2)/P2Y(4) subtypes contribute to the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) spike and 2) EM selectively inhibits Ca(2+) influx through the P2X channel. This action of EM may underlie its clinical efficacy in the treatment of airway inflammation.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed2000

Increased numbers of dendritic cells in the bronchiolar tissues of diffuse panbronchiolitis.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs); they are considered to be the most important APC in the lung. Recently, the number of DCs in the large airways was demonstrated to increase in patients with atopic asthma, leading to the concept that DCs play an important role in airway inflammation. However, little is known about the distribution of lung DCs in the small airways under other pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of DCs in the bronchiolar tissues in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), which is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways histologically characterized by peribronchiolitis. We investigated the distribution of DCs in the bronchiolar tissues of the lungs in 11 patients with DPB and 7 control subjects with normal lungs using immunohistochemical methods. Marked increases in the number of CD1a(+), CD1c(+), and CD83(+) DCs were found in both the bronchiolar epithelium and submucosal tissues of patients with DPB, compared with control subjects with normal lungs. The most striking increase occurred in the number of DCs expressing CD83, a marker of mature DCs, in the submucosal tissues of patients with DPB. The increases of these positive cells in patients with DPB were more marked in the submucosal tissues than in the epithelium. The bronchiolar epithelial cells in patients with DPB strongly expressed GM-CSF protein, which is an important cytokine for the differentiation and function of DCs, suggesting that the increased local production of GM-CSF may be responsible for the accumulation and differentiation of DCs in the bronchiolar tissues of patients with DPB. These results suggest that increased DCs in the bronchiolar tissues, together with their phenotypical maturation, may play an important role in the mucosal immune response in patients with DPB through their potent antigen-presenting function.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Occupational asthma caused by pyrazolone derivative used in silver halide photographic paper.

Occupational asthma has been documented in workers exposed to a wide variety of chemical compounds. Reactive dyes have been described as causing occupational asthma in textile industry workers. We report a case of occupational asthma resulting from exposure to pyrazolone dye used in silver halide photographic paper. There is a need for both further surveys of workers exposed to other reactive dyes and careful preventive measures in the handling of such compounds.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2000

Relationship between the pixel value in digital subtraction angiography and iodine concentration: study in high iodine concentration with original phantom.

Quantitative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image analysis based on densitometry is widely accepted and used. For the densitometoric DSA image analysis, it is required that there is a linear relationships between the pixel values on DSA images (DSA values) and contrast medium iodine concentration or the thickness of the vessels or the chambers filled with contrast material. We studied on relationship between the DSA value and iodine concentration especially in high iodine concentration. As for the relationship between DSA values and iodine concentration on the DSA images at low concentration, DSA phantom had a good linear relationship. However, the relationship at the high iodine concentration, DSA phantom sometimes lost this linear relationship. Our results suggested that it was necessary to identify relationship between DSA values and iodine concentration in each DSA system, especially in high iodine concentration setting, for densitometoric DSA image analysis.

Angiography↗
PubMed2000

Atypical Fabry's disease presenting with cholesterol crystal embolization.

We describe a 65-year-old man who presented with pulmonary hemorrhage and progressive renal insufficiency three months after resection surgery for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Intensive treatment with corticosteroids and hemodialysis were not effective, and the patient died. Postmortem examination of the kidneys revealed widespread cholesterol clefts within the renal arterioles and a number of lamellar inclusion bodies were observed by electron microscopy. The diagnosis of Fabry's disease was made by the absence of plasma alpha-galactosidase A activity. This was a very rare case of subclinical Fabry's disease coexistent with cholesterol crystal embolization, mimicking pulmonary-renal syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A case of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome with dramatic improvement in consciousness immediately after intravenous infusion of thiamine].

A 68-year-old man was hospitalized on March 4, 1998 for disturbances in consciousness. In 1995, he had received proximal subtotal gastrectomy and reconstructive surgery of the jejunal interposition for gastric cancer. Thereafter he had been taking enough food without the habit of taking liquor. In October 1997, his short term memory was becoming gradually worse. On February 12, 1998, he suffered from numbness in the feet, and then dysphagia, unsteady gait, and diplopia developed gradually. On February 26, brain MRI showed no abnormalities. On March 3, he had a fever of 38.5 degrees C and his consciousness became unclear. Neurological examination revealed semi-coma, total ophthalmoplegia, and absence of doll's eye movement. Deep tendon reflexes were absent. The serum thiamine level was 9 ng/ml (normal range: 20-50). Brain MRI demonstrated symmetrical high intensity lesions in the periaqueductal area of the midbrain, dorsomedial nuclei of bilateral thalami, and vestibular nuclei. About 30 seconds after intravenous infusion of thiamine, his consciousness improved dramatically, but returned to semi-coma after about two minutes. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome usually occurs acutely. In the present case, however, the disease showed slow onset, chronic progression, and then rapid worsening after fever. Reconstructive surgery of the jejunal interposition might have caused the slow onset of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and fever might have facilitated the rapid progression of the disease. An immediate high concentration of thiamine modifies the kinetics of acetylcholine receptor ion channels, thereby maintaining wakefulness, and the level of consciousness may change dramatically.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Testicular sarcoidosis].

We report a rare case of testicular sarcoidosis. A 68-year-old man was admitted for detailed examination of uveitis and swelling of the testes. A chest X-ray film and computed tomographic scans disclosed ground-glass shadows in the lower fields of both lungs with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Ga scintigram showed pronounced accumulations in the testes, hilum, and mediastinum. Transbronchial lung and testicular biopsy specimens demonstrated noncaseating epithelioid granulomas, thus confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis with testicular involvement. The patient was followed up without systemic steroids. A review of the world literature found only 12 reported cases of clinically evident testicular sarcoidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Mild intermittent aspirin-induced asthma in a patient who became asymptomatic after removal of pet hamsters from home].

A 25-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of wheeze, dyspnea, nasal obstruction, epiphora, and ear fullness. These symptoms occurred 30 minutes after the intake of 200 mg of ibuprofen and 100 mg of norfloxacin, which had been prescribed by a local clinic for an upper respiratory tract infection. The patient had kept 20 hamsters indoors and a dog outside for 1 year and a half. During the 9 months prior to admission, she had experienced nocturnal asthmatic symptoms, which were controlled by oral theophylline on an as-needed basis. She had seasonal rhinitis, but no sinusitis or nasal polyps. Serum total IgE was 98 U/ml, and tests for specific IgE antibodies to hamster epithelium and dog epithelium were both positive (class 2). The provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 was 4.7 mg/ml. After removal of the hamsters from her home, the patient became asymptomatic without further medication, and her airway hyper-responsiveness was also alleviated. Although inhalation challenge with 5% tolmetin failed to induce a positive reaction, the diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma was confirmed by single-blind oral challenge with 100 mg of ibuprofen. The patient exhibited mild airway responsiveness as well as mild sensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, differing from the severe and intractable clinical features of typical aspirin-induced asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Lung cancer obscured by aspergillus hyphae].

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of cough. Chest X-ray films showed complete atelectasis of the left lung. Serum CYFRA was elevated. Bronchoscopic examination disclosed a white polypoid lesion occluding the left main bronchus. A biopsy specimen from the lesion revealed numerous aspergillus hyphae. Oral itraconazole (100 mg) and weekly endobronchial instillation of fluconazole were administered. Three months later, on the 12th bronchoscopic examination, the tumor occluding the left main bronchus was detected after the removal of aspergillus, and the biopsy findings yielded a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Aspergillosis complicated by lung cancer without cavity formation is very rare, and compounded the difficulty of diagnosing lung cancer in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A comparative study of the prognosis for Japanese patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia or BOOP based on histopathologic subsets].

We explored the prognosis for 123 patients with either idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) or bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). All patients underwent either open lung biopsy or thoracoscopic lung biopsy procedures. The histopathologic diagnosis of IIP included patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), and desquamative interstitial pneumonia with respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease. The prognosis was poorest for patients with a histologic diagnosis of UIP, and excellent for those who received a diagnosis of BOOP. Although the prognosis is generally considered to be good for patients with NSIP, some NSIP patients in our study died. Histopathologic diagnosis based on surgical lung biopsy is useful in evaluating the prognosis for patients with IIP.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A case of tracheobronchomegaly].

We report a rare case of tracheobronchomegaly with crescent-type tracheobronchomalacia. A 77-year-old man with a chronic cough was referred to our hospital because of fever and dyspnea. Radiographic examination showed enlargement of the trachea and main bronchi. On chest radiography, the transverse diameter of the trachea was 31 mm, and consolidation shadows were seen in both upper lung fields. Tracheobronchomegaly with pneumonia was diagnosed. The pneumonia was improved by administration of PAPM/BP. On bronchoscopic examination, the trachea and main bronchi were extremely dilated on inspiration, and were collapsed on expiration. The biopsy specimen from the bronchial mucosa showed non-specific chronic inflammation.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Compensatory growth of residual lung after pneumonectomy in childhood].

Though pneumonectomy proved to be a potent stimulus to compensatory growth in the animal model, the literature on this subject in human patients is sparse. We report a rare case of compensatory growth after pneumonectomy in childhood. A 17-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of chest pain. He had been capable of normal exercise despite a history of pneumonectomy at the age of 4. Chest radiography showed pneumothorax and a displaced heart. In a chest CT scan, both pleural spaces were filled with the enlarged left lung. Since thoracoscopic examination showed a bulla at the surface of S3, bullectomy was performed. The specimen resected from the lung showed slight dilatation of the alveoli. It is considered that the enlargement of the residual lung had occurred as a result of alveolar multiplication rather than by dilatation of the existing alveoli. This case demonstrates lung regeneration in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Clinicopathologic study of calcified aortic valve stenosis in the aged, and evaluation of the indications for percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty].

OBJECTIVES: We performed clinicopathologic study of 56 aged patients with calcified aortic valve stenosis and investigated the indications for percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty. METHODS: The patients were 24 men and 32 women with a mean age of 81.9 years, who were classified into the following 3 types by etiology: 33 patients (58.9%) had senile aortic stenosis, 10 patients (17.9%) had bicuspid aortic stenosis, and 13 patients (23.2%) had rheumatic aortic stenosis. The sites of calcification were divided into the following 3 categories: cusp bases (base type), free edges (edge type), and both bases and edges (mixed type). RESULTS: Among the 33 patients with senile aortic stenosis, 10 (30.3%) had calcification of base type, 2 (6.1%) of edge type and 21 (63.6%) of mixed type. Among the 10 patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis, one (10%) had calcification of base type and 9 (90%) of mixed type. Among the 13 patients with rheumatic aortic stenosis, 3 (23.1%) had calcification of edge type and 10 (76.9%) of mixed type. In addition, 2 or 3 commissures were fused in patients with rheumatic aortic stenosis. The cusps of the aortic valves in the bicuspid type were the most severely thickened among the 3 groups. Soft X-ray imaging showed the aortic valves of rheumatic aortic stenosis were the most severely calcified (calcification score: 2.4), followed by those of bicuspid aortic stenosis (1.9) and senile aortic stenosis (1.6). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty is most suitable in patients with calcified senile aortic stenosis because of the milder calcification, compared with those of the other 2 types.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Serological diagnostic trial of the causative virus of Bell's palsy by anti-herpes virus antibodies in the paired sera].

Substantial evidence obtained through polymerase chain reaction techniques strongly supports that reactivation of latently infected herpes simplex virus (HSV) in geniculate ganglia is the main cause of Bell's palsy. However, serum antibody titers to HSV rarely increase in patients with this disease. This discrepancy may result from the difficulty in detecting a small increase in antibody titers by conventional serological analysis. To detect such a small increase in antibody titer, we defined the significant increase in IgG antibody titers more precisely, and examined the association of HSV or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) with Bell's palsy. From 40 patients with Bell's palsy, paired sera were obtained within the 4th disease day and 2 weeks later. IgG antibodies to HSV, VZV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), or measles virus (MsV) were measured with solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA). IgM antibodies were measured with captured EIA. Each antibody titer was expressed as an EIA-value, which was quantitatively measured by using a calibration curve prepared from the samples containing known titers to the virus in proportion to the logarithm of its titer. An EIA-value ratio (EVR) between paired sera and a corrected EVR was calculated according to the formulae: EVR = [EIA-value in the second serum]/[EIA-value in the first serum]; corrected EVR = [EVR to HSV, VZV or CMV]/[EVR to MsV]. The association with a virus was determined to be positive when the corrected EVR of the virus was beyond the normal range (the logarithmical mean +/- 3 SD of corrected EVRs among 24 healthy controls) while the corrected EVR of the other viruses were within it. Using the corrected EVR, 6 patients were positive: 4 for HSV, 2 for VZV. On the other hand, the conventional serological analysis, which confirms positivity by a 4-fold increase in IgG antibody titer or a demonstration of IgM antibody, disclosed only 2 positive patients (1 for HSV, 1 for VZV). EIA is a very sensitive method of detecting antibodies. Corrected EVRs can exclude a decrease in antibody titers induced by corticosteroids, which are generally used for therapy of Bell's palsy. Moreover, the normal range of corrected EVRs can be defined more precisely than in conventional serological analyses. Our results indicate that some sensitive analysis, such as the corrected EVR method, may make it possible to serologically detect the causative virus of Bell's palsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Decreased expression of Th2 type cytokine mRNA contributes to the lack of allergic bronchial inflammation in aged rats.

Sensitized Brown Norway rats are known to develop eosinophilic bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after Ag exposure. However, we have previously observed that sensitized aged rats of the same strain failed to develop such allergic inflammation. In the present study, we investigated age-associated changes of cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. Both young (8- to 10-wk-old) and aged (100- to 120-wk-old) Brown Norway rats were sensitized with OVA, and BAL was performed 24 h after OVA inhalation challenge. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of BAL cells showed that the cells from aged rats preferentially expressed Th1 type cytokine (IFN-gamma) mRNA, whereas cells from young animals expressed more Th2 type cytokine mRNAs including those for IL-4 and IL-5. Decreased expression of Th2 type cytokine transcripts in aged animals was further confirmed by quantitative analysis, competitive RT-PCR of BAL cells, and in situ hybridization. The age-associated changes of cytokine profile were not restricted to BAL cells but were a general feature of lymphocytes, as shown by examination of popliteal lymph nodes draining the site of sensitization. These findings suggest that decreased allergic inflammation in aged animals is attributable to age-dependent impairment of Th2 generation in response to Ag.

Age Factors↗