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K Cwiek-Ludwicka

Publications and source records attributed to K Cwiek-Ludwicka.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Chemical substances used in plastics intended for manufacture of food packaging in light of European Union legislation].

In the EU countries the use of the chemical substances for plastics intended to come into contact with foodstuffs is regulated by Directive 89/109/EEC and the several specific Directives. Positive lists of the chemical substances for plastics intended to manufacturing of food packaging are placed in Directive 90/128/EEC on plastics materials. This 90/128/EEC Directive so-called "Monomer Directive" has been amended five times by Directives 92/39/EEC, 93/9/EEC, 95/3/EC, 96/11/EC and 99/91/EC. Directive 90/128/EEC so-called "Monomer Directive" provides: list of monomers and other starting substances that can be used in the manufacture of plastics materials and articles, placed in two Sections (A and B), and list of additives initiated from Directive 95/3/EC. Other additives will be added to this list on the basis of their positive national regulatory status in the EU countries and limits of migration (global, specific). According to the EU legislation all the substances before placing on the positive lists are the evaluated and authorized by the scientific bodies (SCF and/or JECFA). The EU legislation on the plastics materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs will be implemented into Polish law. However all the regulations relating to the chemical substances and limits of migration (global and specific) are already accepted by the National Institute of Hygiene.

European Union↗
PubMed1999

[Health quality criteria and the analytical procedures for the evaluation of pacifiers].

The health quality criteria for the evaluation of soothers for babies and young children have been developed and the analytical procedures were collected and indicated for the evaluation purposes. They include: sensory analysis global migration migration of metals (Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Se) to 0.07 M HCl analysis of volatile compounds chemical demand for oxygen presence of reaction accelerators presence of antioxidants The requirements concerning mechanical and chemical parameters and also general safety of the product have been developed and the procedures for the conformity checking of these parameters, based on Polish Standard and the draft project of European Standard EN 14000 series concerning soothers for babies and small children have also been presented. These criteria have been accepted by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare as suitable for issuing of health certificates for placing on the market as well as for the current sanitary surveillance of soothers taken from the market. The criteria will be obligatory until the EN 1400 Standards come into force being introduced into Polish legislation.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[A review of the European community directives relating to materials and articles intended to come into contact with food products in the light of Polish legislation].

The integration of Poland with the European Community makes the harmonization of Polish legislation necessary. Among numerous Directives, which provisions should be introduced into domestic legislation before Poland enters the European Union, the Directives related to materials and articles intended to contact with food consist a large group. The review and analysis of 17 Directives that appeared up to the end of year 1997 have been done. The list of these Directives is shown in the Table I. The framework Directive 89/109/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs have been comprehensively discussed together with the specific Directives concerning the following matters: symbol which should accompany the materials and articles intendet to contact with food: Directive 80/590/EEC; plastics materials: Directive 90/128/EEC with later ammendments provided by the Directives: 90/128/EEC, 93/9/EEC, 95/3/EC and 96/11/EC; vinyl chloride monomer (acceptable limit and analytical method): Directives: 78/142/EEC, 80/766/EEC and 81/432/EEC, regenerated cellulose film-Directives: 93/10/ECC i 93/111/EEC; ceramic articles: Directive 84/500/EEC; testing migration of constituents of plastic materials-Directives: 85/572/EEC and 82/711/EEC with later ammendments: Directives: 93/8/EEC, 97/48/EC, The relevant Polish regulatory provisions concerning the matters related to materials and articles intendet to contact with foodstuffs have also been discussed. The need for harmonization of Polish regulations with the relevant legislation adopted by the Member States of the European Community was emphasized.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[AOAC/EURACHEM symposium "Development in chemical analysis of environmental samples at the edge of the 21st century"].

Information on the International Symposium on "Development in Chemical Analysis of Environmental Samples at the Edge of 21st Century" which was organized in Warsaw (21-22 Nov. 1996) by the AOAC International Central Europe Subsection in cooperation with National Section of Eurachem-Pl/Pollab-Chem was provided. The following national organizations/institutions also participated in the organization of the conference: the Committee of Analytical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Meat and Fat Research Institute, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, National Institute of Hygiene and Central Chemical Laboratory "Polcargo". It was the third Symposium organized annually by this AOAC Subsection since it was established. The first meeting was in Smolenice, Slovakia (1994), the second in Budapest, Hungary (1995), the third one in Warsaw, Poland (1996). In the Symposium attended the representatives from AOAC Int. (L. Kurtyka (USA), M. Lauwaars (The Netherlands) and from Eurachem-M. Walsh (Ireland) and also invited speakers from universities, research and testing institutes as well as from government authorities who presented the best knowledge coming from their experience. During two days of Symposium 11 plenary lectures and 4 short communications were presented. There were two main topic related groups of the lectures: (1) Analytical quality assurance with regard to the problems of accreditation, certification and quality control. (2) New methods and their applicability for the instrumental analysis and monitoring. In the opinion of the participants, the lectures and the following discussion provided many useful and updated information on development in analytical chemistry. The participants pointed out the need of the organisation of similar meetings aimed at the exchange of the views on the particular aspects of the chemical analysis and quality assurance in the laboratory.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1997

[Activity of the Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/WHO on quality assurance in the laboratory].

The activity of the Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/WHO concerning the quality assurance in laboratory was discussed. Major documents issued by the joint efforts of the international organizations (IUPAC, ISO, AOAC Int.) and Codex Alimentarius FAO/WHO Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling (CCMAS) are also presented in the article. The basic task of the CCMAS is reviewing and harmonization of the international documents in order to make them available for food analytical laboratories and to recommend the internationally recognised approaches for: collaborative studies--Protocol for Design, Conduct and Interpretation of Method-performance Studies. Pure & Appl. Chem. 1995, vol. 67, 332-343 proficiency testing--The International Harmonized Protocol for the Proficiency Testing (Chemical) Analytical Laboratories. Pure & Appl. Chem. 1993, Vol. 65, 2123-2144 and J.AOAC Int. 1993, Vol. 76, 926-940 internal quality control (IQC)--Harmonized Guidelines for Internal Quality Control in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratories. Pure & Appl. Chem. 1995, Vol. 67, 650-666 determining and use of recovery factor--Harmonized Protocol for Recovery Factor in Analytical Measurements--document CX/MAS 97/6 applicability of the measurement uncertainty--Measurement Uncertainity--document CX/MAS 97/7.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed1996

[Quality assurance in food microbiology laboratories].

In the paper the quality assurance system in food microbiology laboratories to ensure the reliability of the analytical data are discussed. To introduce quality assurance system in the laboratory all activities such as sampling, method selection, laboratory environment, equipment, reagents and media, staff, reference materials, internal quality control and external quality control (proficiency testing) that effect on the results must be documented and controlled. The kind of food sample, condition and time of storage before analysis and proper selection of methodology have significant influence on the result of the microbiological analysis. Equipment used to carry out the test must work properly. Implementation of of the internal and external quality control to the routine work of the food microbiology laboratory means that the production of the results is under control and that the data are reliable. If the quality assurance system is properly implemented and well documented it makes the base for the laboratory to get the accreditation.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1995

[Content of lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc and copper in fruit from various regions of Poland].

The content of lead, cadmium, mercury, zinc and copper was determined in various species of fruit gathered in Poland in the period 1989-1991. Samples for the determinations were taken from regions not directly exposed to air pollution from industrial plants and traffic. The content of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu was determined after dry mineralization (at about 400 degrees C) by the flame ASA technique: Cu and Zn were determined directly in mineralizate solution, Pb and Cd after extraction of their complexes with APDC; Hg after wet mineralization by flameless ASA "cold vapour" method. About 10000 samples of fruit and about 300 samples of soil from the sites where the fruit was collected were investigated. The highest lead levels were found in strawberries, raspberries and currants (about 0.1 mg/kg on average), cadmium in raspberries and strawberries (mean 0.02 mg/kg). Mercury, zinc and copper levels were low. The levels of all these metals were lowest in apples and pears (Pb-mean 0.010-0.089 mg/kg, Cd mean 0.001-0.006 mg/kg, Cd mean 0.001-0.006 mg/kg). The content of metals in fruit, but ever more in soil, from highly industrialized areas was significantly higher. The authors suggest lowering in the Polish legislation of the maximal acceptable lead concentration in all types of fruit down to 0.20 mg/kg, and cadmium to 0.03 mg/kg for all types of berries and 0.02 mg/kg for the remaining fruit types.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1994

[Codex foodstuffs committee FAO/WHO on methods of analysis and sampling].

The topics of the XIX Session of the Codex Alimentarius Committee held in Budapest are reviewed. In the report on the Session the main stress was laid on the matters connected with guidelines on sampling, endorsement of methods of analysis for codex standards and the matters concerning quality assurance systems in laboratories.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed1993

[Quality assurance for analytical laboratories].

On the base of literature the problems concerning the intralaboratory and interlaboratory quality assurance for analytical laboratories were discussed. The special attention was given on the role of standard reference materials (SRM's) in food and nutrition analysis and participation in the interlaboratory proficiency testing. The lists of some international recognised producers of certified reference materials and some SRM's for trace elements in food and water were also presented in this paper.

Europe↗
PubMed1992

[Quality, accreditation and certification in free-market economy. Part I. Quality and quality assurance systems according to international standards].

The problems concerning the quality and quality assurance systems were discussed on the base of the International Standards series ISO 9000. The structure, scope and the field of application of these Standards were described. The special attention has been drawn to the models of quality assurance specified in ISO 9001, ISO 9002 and ISO 9003. The role of the International Standards series ISO 9000, as a useful tool to harmonize the international trade in free-market economy was stressed. It was emphasized that the application of quality management and quality assurance systems according to ISO 9000 is compatible with the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system in the food industry.

Accreditation↗