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Biomedical subjects

K D Glaus

Publications and source records attributed to K D Glaus.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

A method for assigning authorship in multiauthored publications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Determining authorship for publications is often a difficult process, even more so when individuals from several disciplines collaborate with community organizations to conduct projects. Although multidisciplinary and community-academic partnerships provide fertile ground for publication efforts, disputes about authorship and ownership of data may hinder efforts to disseminate information. This article describes a process for dealing with authorship in multi-professional collaborations. It provides an authorship scale, similar to a neonatal Apgar scale, to determine order of authorship in multi-professional projects. Key components or activities in the process of authorship are identified, and points are assigned to each component in proportion to an investigator's level of activity in each component/activity. Scores are summed and can range from 1 to 35 for each author. The order of authorship is then determined by the relative score of each participant.

Authorship↗
PubMed1991

Long-term effects of biofeedback-induced facial relaxation on measures of asthma severity in children.

We studied the effects of electromyographic biofeedback on measures of asthma severity in children. Fifteen children received biofeedback training to reduce facial tension, and 14 children, who served as controls, received biofeedback training to maintain facial tension at a stable level. Assignment to experimental condition was random. As a result of training, electromyographic levels decreased in children trained in facial relaxation and remained fairly constant in children trained in facial tension stability. Biofeedback training was augmented for children in both groups by having them practice their facial exercises at home. Each child's condition was followed for a five-month period subsequent to biofeedback training. Throughout the experiment, the following measures of asthma severity were monitored: lung function, self-rated asthma severity, medication usage, and frequency of asthma attacks. In addition, standardized measures of attitudes toward asthma, self-concept, and chronic anxiety were recorded at regular intervals. As compared to the facial stability subjects, the facial relaxation subjects exhibited higher pulmonary scores, more positive attitudes toward asthma, and lower chronic anxiety during the follow-up period. Subjects in the two groups, however, did not differ on self-rated asthma severity, medication usage, frequency of asthma attacks, or self-concept. Based on the improvements we observed in pulmonary, attitude, and anxiety measures, we concluded that biofeedback training for facial relaxation contributes to the self-control of asthma and would be a valuable addition to asthma self-management programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Applications of biofeedback to the treatment of asthma: a critical review.

Both muscular and respiratory biofeedback procedures have been employed in attempts to reduce symptoms of bronchial asthma. Research relating to these approaches is reviewed in the present article. Biofeedback training both for facial muscle relaxation and for respiratory resistance decrease improves short-term pulmonary function in asthmatic individuals. These forms of training represent promising avenues for the management of asthma. However, unqualified endorsement of these procedures is premature, at the present time, since their influence on asthma-related variables other than pulmonary function has not been determined and since their long-term effects have not been investigated.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1978

Operant conditioning of skin resistance tonic levels.

The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether increases and decreases in skin resistance tonic level could be controlled by individuals given discrete visual feedback of such activity. Thirty-six male undergraduate students served as subjects. They were assigned randomly in equal numbers to four groups; two of the groups received accurate feedback of skin resistance level changes and two received inaccurate feedback. The two accurate-feedback groups differed with respect to the order in which increases and decreases in skin resistance level were reinforced. Each noncontingent group was matched with one of the contingent groups in terms of reinforcement density. The results indicated that accurate feedback produced skin resistance level changes consistent with the type of reinforcement employed. However, operant control was not clearly sustained subsequent to a reversal in the type of tonic level change reinforced. Some problems related to the clinical application of skin resistance level training are discussed.

Conditioning, Operant↗
PubMed1977

Latency of multiple skin conductance responses in differential classical conditioning.

Latencies of multiple skin conductance responses were observed in 30 female undergraduate students who participated in a classical differential conditioning experiment employing a 10 sec interstimulus interval (ISI). Responses occurring in both the early and late portions of the ISI were examined. Pairing delayed the onset of early responses and hastened the onset of responses occurring later in the ISI. Additionally, the latency changes observed did not appear to be an artifact of the higher response frequencies typically associated with conditioning.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facial muscle tension influences lung airway resistance; limb muscle tension does not.

In healthy adult subjects, operantly conditioned increases in facial (frontalis) muscle tension produce increased lung airway resistance, whereas conditioned facial muscle relaxation results in decreased airway resistance. Conditioned increases and decreases in limb (brachioradialis) tension do not affect airway resistance. The latter finding rules out general muscular events and mitigates against metabolic agents as explanations of the airway resistance changes associated with facial tension change and suggests that the facial muscles influence airway resistance through the operation of a neural reflex.

Adolescent↗