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Biomedical subjects

K D Hermanutz

Publications and source records attributed to K D Hermanutz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Computed tomographic diagnosis of pre- and paravertebral masses in the thorax and retroperitoneum].

CT is the method of choice in the diagnostic identification and clarification of prevertebral and paravertebral space-occupying growths before initiating invasive methods of diagnosis and before surgery. CT supplies decisive information by means of the transversal tomography, which is free from overlapping, and enables determination of relative densities. A most important feature is the safe exclusion of any aortoilacal aneurysm via differential diagnosis. The possibilities and limitations of computed tomography are discussed on the basis of several examples, namely, a lateral intrathoracic meningocele, a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst, a retroperitoneal fibrosis, lymph node metastases and hypostatic abscesses.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

[Morphometry and determination of corticodiaphyseal indices of the clavicles in the conventional chest x-ray in healthy humans and in bone diseases].

The cortical width of both clavicles was measured in 400 chest x-rays of normal people aged 20 to 70 years, and normal values for three so-called cortico-diaphyseal indeces have been established: 1) "combined cortical thickness" (CCT), 2) the "Barnett-Nordin index" (DNI), 3) "the bone areas index" (IBA). The results are in good agreement with those of other authors, eg. Virtama, Helelä, Kocian et al. This indicates that there are no significant variations amongst different European populations. In order to test the clinical usefulness of the method, the results were compared with measurements from 50 patients with secondary osteoporosis. Measurements of cortical thickness on the chest x-ray proved a simple and reliable method. Finally, brief reference is made to the possibility, and the problems, of measuring bone mineral content by computed tomography.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

[Intramural pseudo-diverticulosis of the oesophagus (author's transl)].

A 58-year old patient with intramural pseudo-diverticulosis of the oesophagus was observed for three and a half years. The case is described and illustrated. The pathogenesis of the disease is discussed with reference to the literature. The radiological appearances permit a definite diagnosis. The oesophagus had a stricture at the level of the bifurcation of the trachea, but in addition there were multiple intramural, sharply demarkated mucosal herniations measuring 3 x 1 mm. These could be verified endoscopically. Histologically, non-specific oesophagitis was found.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

[Bone mineral estimation (Hydroxyl apatite equivalent) by direct measurement of photo absorption in the upper extremity (phalanges, radius and ulna) (author's transl)].

The x-ray source of the apparatus developed by the authors for bone mineral estimations consists of a small anode tube with a silver anode. The value of the procedure has been tested by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro measurements were carried out on a bone reference system consisting of a model bone (Reiss) as well as on a macerated tibia embedded in a resin (Heuck). The results were compared with the values obtained by Rassow. It has been shown that the artificial resin is of only limited value as a connective tissue equivalent. The method of mineral estimation using phalanges is described and its reproducibility was tested on 17 parameters. The absorption coefficient of the spongiosa proved to be particularly critical. Finally, measurements, using the forearm, by Cameron's method are discussed briefly.

Absorption↗
PubMed1977

[Radiological observations on bone changes in women after bilateral ovariectomy with and without oestrogen prophylaxis (author's transl)].

A retrospective study was carried out on 69 women who had hysterectomies and bilateral ovariectomies carried out during puberty for non-malignant disease. The effect of oestrogen prophylaxis on bones was studied by various radiological methods (1. Miminal combined cortex thickness in the proximal radius according to Meema; 2. Biconcavity index according to Nordin; 3. Osteoporosis stage in the lumbar spine according to Saville; 4. The Singh index in the proximal femur and 5. Absorption coefficient and relative cortical thickness of the phalanges). It was found the the hormone-treated group (33 cases) showed significantly greater bone density than the control group (36 cases). It is therefore suggested that women undergoing ovariectomy before the menopause, or those with low bone density at the natural menopause, should be treated by long-term oestrogen therapy, provided there are no specific contraindications.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1976

[Radiological meneral equivalent determinations in bone. The problems of build-up factor (author's transl)].

The apparatus for measuring mineral equivalents described by Gebhardt, Heinen and Zwicker in 1973 was subjected to theoretical and experimental investigations; as a result, changes were introduced which significantly improved the basis for exact absorption measurments on phalanges. 1.The CuK alpha radiation (8.5 kV) produced the Hohannson monochromator was replaced by higher energy AgK alpha radiation (22.2 kV). The total spectrum was improved by using a palladium filter and an impulse height discriminator. 2. A slit collimator was used giving a beam area of 3 mm X 0.5 mm with improved paralleism ofthe beam and an incident angle alpha of 0.1 degrees compared with a previous angle of alpha approximately 1 degrees. 3. Correction of attenuation N = No. e-ux by a correction factor B to allow for "build-up factor" in the required area of measurement is no longer necessary. Measurements at four of hydroxyle apatite (Reiss) provide the required mineral absorption. 4.AgK alpha radiation permits measurement of thicker bones such as radius and calcaneus and provides adequate impulses for short periods of measurement which is useful in practice.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1975

[Chylous reflux and chylous ascites in lymphatic dysplasia, with the lymphographic demonstration of mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphatic cysts].

Two patients with congenital dysplasia of the lymphatic system and with chylous ascites are described. In one 24-year old woman with this rare condition, it was possible to demonstrate for the first time numerous mediastinal lymphatic cysts during lymphangiography. Both patients showed an abnormality of the retroperitoneal lymphatics, consisting of lymphatic dilatation and cysts. In the investigation of chylous ascites, direct lymphangiography must be regarded as a valuable and necessary investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The scope and limitations of cavography in tumour diagnosis (author's transl)].

Fourteen cavograms showing abnormal findings were selected from a total of 500 examinations; in these the diagnosis had been confirmed surgically, histologically, at autopsy or by the clinical course. The aim of selecting this material was to determine retrospectively the accuracy to cavography in localising retroperitoneal masses, to determine their extent, whether it is possible to diagnose the type of tumour and whether the presence of thrombi can be regarded as a sign of invasion of the cava by malignant tumour. The abnormal cavograms were evaluated with respect to certain radiological signs and the diagnostic value of individual signs was calculated statistically. It was found that the only fairly reliable sign of tumour thrombus consists of an ill-defined impression with breaks in the continuity of the vascular margin. All other radiological signs examined were found to be non-specific.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast in relation to growth rate (author's transl)].

The doubling time (DT) was estimated quantitatively for 16 carcinomas of the breast according to the method described by Collins and co-workers in 1956. This is based on the concept of constant and exponential growth. Observation interval for these mammographically confirmed tumors was between 83 and 1,034 days. The DT was calculated to vary from 45 to 260 days; in order to reach a diameter of 1 cm. after 30 divisions would require a period of 3.7 to 21.4 years. Mammography frequently demonstrates small, clinically occult, tumours. Axillary lymph node metastases are relatively rare from small tumours; growth rate of 70% of breast carcinomas in such that an annual clinical and radiological check-up will prove to be the best means of reducing mortality from carcinoma of the breast. The risk inherent in the radiation resulting from annual mammography is acceptable in women over 35 years. This leaves the problem of rapidly growing carcinomas which would escape early diagnosis by early examinations. Half-yearly examinations of women in high risk groups (1. Previous mastectomy for carcinoma, 2. Biopsy-proven mastopathy with atypical proliferation) comprising about 30% of carcinomas with a short doubling time would appear to be reasonable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

[The bilateral breast neoplasm].

Of 282 patients, who had been treated for breast cancer between 1968 and 1973, bilateral carcinoma was diagnosed in 23 women. In these, a simultaneous second carcinoma was found seven times; in 16 cases, the second carcinoma developed during the further course of the disease, wherein the free intervals amounted to maximally 20 years. Attention is drawn to the relatively high risk of up to eight or ten per cent for the development of a carcinoma in the contralateral breast following the previous unilateral carcinoma. This reason calls for a half-yearly, clinical and radiological check-up examination of women having been treated for carcinoma of the breast. Finally, the problem of differentiation of a primary, autonomous second carcinoma from metastases of the first carcinoma on the contralateral side is considered and discussed with regard to the corresponding references in literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The clinical importance of angiography in the diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa].

Report on a 53 years old patient with renal failure. Angiography showed multiple micro-aneurysms in kidneys and liver, in some instances also in the pancreatic, duodenal and mesenterial arteries. Muscle biopsy confirmed the suspicion of arteriitis nodosa. Clinically the diagnosis of necrotizing arteriitis is difficult. Angiography settles the diagnosis, but only positive findings of micro-aneurysms prove it. The differential diagnosis is discussed and illustrated.

Angiography↗