PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K D Moudgil

Publications and source records attributed to K D Moudgil.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

DNA hybridization analysis of mycobacterial DNA using the 18-kDa protein gene of Mycobacterium leprae.

DNA hybridization studies using a 611-base pair (bp) probe, encoding the entire 18-kDa protein of Mycobacterium leprae, demonstrated that M. simiae, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. terrae, ADM-2, M. avium, M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae and M. chelonei appear to possess DNA sequences homologous to the 18-kDa protein gene of M. leprae. RFLP analysis revealed that the restriction sites in the M. leprae 18-kDa gene were not conserved in the putative gene homologs of M. simiae and M. intracellulare. The restriction patterns observed with the 611-bp probe were useful in differentiating M. intracellulare, M. simiae, and M. leprae from each other, as well as in distinguishing strains of M. simiae serovar 1. Finally, the presence of homologous sequences in various mycobacteria did not affect the specificity of a previously described PCR test for detection of M. leprae, based on the M. leprae 18-kDa protein gene.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Complement activation in pulmonary tuberculosis.

The alterations in serum/plasma levels of total haemolytic complement activity (CH50), complement components C3 and C3d, and circulating immune complexes (CICs) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analysed in relation to the severity of disease and treatment status. The mean levels of CH50, C3, C3d and CICs were significantly higher in untreated than treated patients and in normal controls. In the untreated group, the level of each of these four parameters except C3d was significantly higher in patients with far advanced disease than in those with moderately advanced disease, whereas the difference between treated patients and normal controls was not statistically significant for any of the four parameters tested. There were statistically significant correlations between levels of CICs and both C3 and C3d in the untreated tuberculosis patients. However, the correlations for the same parameters were not significant when treated patients were considered. The CH50 levels in tuberculosis patients suggest a functional classical complement pathway, which is essential for immune complex solubilisation. High C3d level in untreated patients is indicative of increased complement activation, which in turn shows significant correlation with levels of CICs. It appears that the intact and elevated complement proteins and their proper activation by CICs prevents tuberculosis from becoming a typical immune complex disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (P6) reactive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody (P6) to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is described. The specificity of the monoclonal antibody, an IgG1/K type, was tested against sonic extracts obtained from 27 mycobacteria and 39 bacteria by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apparently it was highly specific for the virulent form of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) and did not react with avirulent strains of M. tuberculosis (H37Ra) and M. bovis (BCG). It was devoid of reactivity with all other mycobacteria and bacteria except to a reaction of low extent with Nocardia asteroides (11.8%). The antibody recognized intact M. tuberculosis as well as the sonicate. Various pathogenic strains of M. tuberculosis collected from different geographical locations showed a range of reactivity with this monoclonal antibody. The antibody reacted strongly with M. tuberculosis South Indian (79112) and British strain (wild) and to varying extents with other strains of M. tuberculosis tested. In Western immunoblots, it recognized antigens of 45 and 96 KDa of M. tuberculosis (H37Rv).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Sandwich enzyme immunoassays for detection of Salmonella typhi.

Enzyme immunoassays were developed using monoclonal antibodies raised against somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular (Vi) antigens of Salmonella typhi. The assay based on anti-O monoclonal antibodies could specifically detect S. typhi and soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from S. typhi. Anti-H MoAbs detected motile S. typhi and soluble flagellar antigen. Monoclonal antibodies against capsular polysaccharide could detect Vi-containing S. typhi as well as soluble Vi antigen. The three assays reported here detected S. typhi with 100% sensitivity in blood culture broths obtained from bacteriologically confirmed typhoid patients and were negative with blood specimens containing Salmonella senftenberg, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis or Streptococcus (alpha-hemolytic) derived from patients with pyrexia. The assays, however, did not demonstrate the presence of soluble antigens in sera and urine samples obtained from typhoid patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Generation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody against phenolic glycolipid-I of M. leprae.

The development of an Epstein-Barr virus transformed human B-cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody (MoAb), KR2/B5 is described. KR2/B5 is an IgM type of antibody and is highly specific for phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) a component unique to M. leprae. The MoAb appears to be directed against the terminal sugar residue of the immunodominant trisaccharide component of PGL-I.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Serological pattern of hepatitis B virus markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, IgM anti-HBc and HBV specific DNA polymerase) in leprosy patients.

Sera of 134 lepromatous (LL/BL) and 57 tuberculoid (TT/BT) leprosy patients were analysed for four HBV markers. HBsAg was detected in 6.71% of lepromatous and 3.5% of tuberculoid sera. The per cent positivity of lepromatous and tuberculoid sera for anti-HBs antibodies was 30.59% and 35.08%, respectively. The positivity of normal sera for HBsAg and anti-HBs was 3.60% and 21.69%, respectively. The difference in the positivity of three groups of sera (lepromatous, tuberculoid and normal) for HBsAg or anti-HBs was not statistically significant. Anti-HBc (IgM) antibodies were detected in 6% of lepromatous sera. HBV-specific DNA-polymerase activity was found in 22.22% of HBsAg positive (but anti-HBc negative) sera, and 66.66% of anti-HBc positive (but HBsAg negative) sera. The pattern of acute HBV infection in leprosy patients followed the typical pattern prevalent in the normal population.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay based on sonicate supernatant antigens of Mycobacterium w for immunodiagnosis of leprosy.

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on sonicate supernatant antigens of a cultivable, atypical bacterium, Mycobacterium w (M. w), for immunodiagnosis of leprosy is described. M. w was selected after screening of sonicate supernatant antigens of seven cultivable mycobacteria in EIA. The results of the assay were compared with that of EIA using phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I). The M. w assay was more sensitive than PGL-I based EIA, for detection of leprosy patients of all categories, including long term treated patients with low bacterial load. The M. w assay was highly sensitive (93.49%) for detection of active LL patients, and the difference in the positivity of the two assays for LL patients was statistically significant (p 0.05). The combined positivity of the assays with M. w and PGL-I for LL was higher than that with either antigen alone. M. w assay, in addition, was also highly sensitive for detection of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Detection of lepromatous leprosy patients shedding M. leprae in nasal droppings by enzyme immunoassay.

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for detection of lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients harbouring M. leprae in nasal mucosa are described. One EIA measures IgM antibodies against the synthetic disaccharide (ND-BSA) residue of phenolic glycolipid I of M. leprae, whereas the other titrates primarily IgG antibodies against sonicate supernatant antigens of Mycobacterium w. (M.w.). Fifty coded leprosy sera were analysed by EIAs under a double blind code. Amongst the 20 LL patients with positive nasal smear, 18 (90%) were positive in EIA based on ND-BSA, in comparison to 19 (95%) in EIA using M.w. antigens. The assays can be performed on fresh serum samples or on blood samples collected on filter paper discs. These assays can be useful for leprosy control programmes.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative evaluation of enzyme immunoassays based on synthetic glycoconjugates and phenolic glycolipid-I for immunodiagnosis of leprosy.

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) based on synthetic glycoconjugates containing the terminal monosaccharide (M-BGG) or disaccharide (ND-BSA) residue of the trisaccharide component of phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), for immunodiagnosis of leprosy are described. The results of the assays were compared with that of the EIA using PGL-I. All the three assays were highly specific for leprosy. The per cent positivity of active lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients with M-BGG was 78.05 in comparison to 85.36 with ND-BSA and 82.11 with PGL-I. Similarly, the positivity of tuberculoid (TT) leprosy patients in M-BGG assay was lower than that in EIAs using ND-BSA or PGL-I. However, the difference in the positivity of individual category of leprosy patients in the three EIAs was not statistically significant. The correlation between absorbance values of leprosy sera in EIAs based on M-BGG and PGL-I, as well as that in assays using ND-BSA and PGL-I was statistically significant.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of enzyme immunoassays using purified protein derivative (PPD) and its pooled fractions 3 and 4 for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

A critical evaluation of two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. Purified protein derivative (PPD) or its pooled fractions 3 and 4 were used as antigens for detection of antibodies in sera from 53 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 10 normal healthy individuals. The cut-off point for each EIA was based on the absorbance (mean + 3 SD) of normal sera with the respective antigens. All the normal sera were negative in both the assays. The positivity of tuberculosis patients in either assay was 86.8 per cent. Thus, for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis fractions 3 and 4 of PPD could serve as a good substitute for whole PPD. Sera from 45 leprosy patients were also analysed to assess the specificity of the EIAs. The mean reactivity of tuberculoid leprosy sera was comparable to that of normal sera. The ratio of the mean absorbance of lepromatous leprosy (LL) sera and normal sera was 16.73 with PPD, in comparison to 21.95 for pooled fractions 3 and 4. Out of 10 LL patients 9 (90%) were positive with fractions 3 and 4, in comparison to 10 (100%) with PPD. 71.1 per cent of leprosy patients belonging to different categories were positive in assay based on PPD in comparison to 64.4% in EIA using fractions 3 and 4. The high false positivity of leprosy sera in an assay designed for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis has immense implications in interpretation of results of the assay for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗