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Biomedical subjects

K D Palitzsch

Publications and source records attributed to K D Palitzsch.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Effect of metabolic control on the renal effects of human atrial natriuretic peptide-(95-126) (urodilatin) in normotensive patients with type I diabetes mellitus].

To examine the impact of metabolic control on renal responses to human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) in type 1 diabetes mellitus, 13 patients with HbA1 less than 8.5%, nine patients with HbA1 greater than 8.5% and ten healthy volunteers were studied. According to a randomized, single-blind trial design, 0.5 and 2.0 micrograms/kg hANP-(95-126) (Urodilatin) (Bissendorf Peptide, Hannover) or placebo were given as iv bolus injections at 90-minute intervals. Patients with HbA1 greater than 8.5% differed from those with HbA1 less than 8.5% in longer diabetes duration, more prevalent retinopathy and neuropathy and increased somatomedin C levels and urinary albumin excretion (p less than 0.05). In response to hANP, patients with HbA1 greater than 8.5% had decreased responses of urinary volume and sodium excretion in comparison to patients with HbA1 less than 8.5% (p less than 0.05) in whom renal responses to hANP did not differ from controls. Despite similar hANP levels, hANP-stimulated urinary cGMP excretion in patients was higher than in controls (p less than 0.01). Impaired renal responses to hANP in diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control apparently contribute to the mechanisms of diabetic sodium retention. Near-normoglycemia may prevent this phenomenon which is intimately involved into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Successful multiple resuscitation in flecainide poisoning].

After a family quarrel a 37-year-old woman swallowed, with suicidal intent, a large number of flecainide tablets (exact amount unknown) together with alcohol. On admission to hospital some hours later her pupils were fully dilated, fixed and of irregular outline; she was unconscious and in cardiorespiratory failure. Nine hours after admission several episodes of ventricular fibrillation and asystole occurred, two of them lasting for 2 and 3 hours, respectively, before successful resuscitation (after defibrillation). The highest plasma flecainide level, between 3 and 10 hours after swallowing the drug, was 6160 ng/ml, i.e. six times the maximal therapeutic level. Under the influence of flecainide the ECG of the previously healthy woman had shown idioventricular rhythm with marked QRS widening and Q-T prolongation. The tachyarrhythmias, at times torsades de pointes, were successfully treated with high doses of lidocaine (4 g daily) after repeated defibrillations. As a late complication the patient went into acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema and pneumonia. There were no recognizable permanent sequelae on discharge 37 days after admission.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[An unusual "tumor-like finding" between the head of the pancreas and the duodenal wall].

A 48-year-old woman complained of right-sided upper abdominal pain and recurrent vomiting, and had lost 10 kg in 4 months. Ultrasound and computed tomography showed a solid, space-occupying lesion in the head of the pancreas, not separable from the duodenum. Despite thorough investigation the nature of the lesion remained obscure. Operation revealed a divided pancreas with stenosis of the accessory duct at the papilla. Histological examination showed pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation within the duodenal wall in the vicinity of a duodenal wall cyst which had been destroyed by inflammation. In cases of divided pancreas it is the accessory duct which drains the main bulk of the pancreas, while the main duct carries little or no secretion; the stenosis of the accessory duct in this patient had therefore led to low-grade pancreatitis involving the head of the pancreas.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

Splenic haematopoiesis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

Hitherto it has generally been assumed that splenic haematopoiesis in adult humans occurs very infrequently and is predominantly associated with haematological disorders. In the present study of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a marked splenic haematopoiesis was a constant finding. Moreover, low-level splenic erythro- and granulopoiesis was highly prevalent even in haematologically normal controls, while splenic thrombopoiesis was conspicuously absent in both groups. We suggest that splenic haematopoiesis results from entrapment and proliferation of circulating haematopoietic precursor cells in the splenic red pulp. This would account for the presence of splenic haematopoiesis in normal controls as well as in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In the latter, stimulation of bone marrow haematopoiesis and increased splenic pooling of haematopoietic precursor cells may contribute to the marked increase of splenic haematopoiesis observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cytoprotective properties of somatostatins.

Secretion of many hormones is inhibited by regular cyclic somatostatin-14. Since additional cytoprotective properties of this hormone have been described, the question arises of whether analogs of somatostatin with increased endocrine activity may also exert increased cytoprotective activity. It could be shown that the endocrine and the cytoprotective property of somatostatin-14 must have different modes of action. In analogs of somatostatin with increased endocrine activity the cytoprotective effect is also increased. A maximal increase in the cytoprotective effect of certain analogs of somatostatin is accompanied by a loss of endocrine activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Protection against duodenal ulceration by somatostatins.

The purpose of our investigation was to study the effect of two somatostatin analogs (SMS 201-995 and 008) on duodenal ulcer disease induced by cysteamine in rats. Male Wistar rats were given cysteamine (28 mg/100 g body wt.) by rubber stomach tube three times in a single day. All animals of the test group were injected subcutaneously either with SMS 201-995 in different doses or with 008. On the 3rd day stomach, duodenum, and adrenal glands were macroscopically examined for lesions (duodenal ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, adrenal hemorrhage). Our results showed a dose-dependent effect of SMS 201-995 on the mortality, incidence, and intensity of cysteamine-induced duodenal lesions in rats. The incidence and the intensity of gastrointestinal bleeding and adrenal hemorrhage were also dose-dependently reduced by SMS 201-995. There was no definite effect of 008 on the mortality, incidence, or intensity of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of the cut-off value in cardiovascular autonomic nervous function tests: not-age-related criteria or the age-related 5th percentile.

The aim of the study was to estimate the cut-off value of cardiovascular tests using not-age-related criteria or the age-related 5th percentile in 165 diabetic patients. The cANP, pANP, and smNP were assessed using previously recommended standardized test procedures. Prevalence of overall definite (borderline) cANP was 35.2% (23.0%) when using the 5th percentile or 16.4% (27.9%) when using not age-related criteria (p for the difference < 0.0001) (p = 0.3205). Prevalence of pANP was 54.0% and of smNP 37.0%. Concerning cANP, the number of test results below the 5th percentile (N5) correlated significantly with the number of abnormal test results using not age-related criteria (Nnar) (p < 0.000001) but the slope of the regression line differed substantially from 1. Using the 5th percentile as the cut-off value for cANP testing, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for not age-related criteria for respiratory sinus arrhythmia (90.5%, 80.2%), Valsalva test (30.4%, 98.0%), lying-to-standing test (46.3%, 98.7%), orthostatic systolic blood pressure fall (69.0%, 78.3%), and overall definite cANP (44.8%, 92.8%). The statistical analysis revealed that the age-related 5th percentile is superior to the not-age-related cut-off values in diabetic patients. We therefore suggest that age-related normal values (percentiles) have to be applied when cANP is estimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glutamine attenuates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation in the rat.

BACKGROUND: Glutamine (Gln) is a major energy source for the intestinal mucosa. Its depletion results in epithelial atrophy and in bacterial translocation. Clinical substitution of this nonessential amino acid in critically ill persons results in a reduction of epithelial atrophy and in an accelerated recovery. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Gln on leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in an indomethacin (Indo)-induced long-lasting ileitis in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Indo (7.5 mg/kg subcutaneously) was injected at time 0 and 24 hours later. Animals were fed with standard rat chow (ST) for 10 days until 12 hours before intravital microscopy analysis. Gln (3 g/kg body wt) was gavaged twice a day in the morning 4 hours apart (1) for 10 days between Indo administration and the experiment (ST/Gln, therapy), (2) for 14 days before Indo (Gln/ST, prophylaxis), or (3) from 14 days before Indo until the experiment (Gln/Gln, prophylaxis and therapy). Ten mesenteric venules (30 microm diameter) per animal (n = 5 per group) were observed using intravital microscopy, and the following parameters were monitored: number of adherent and emigrated leukocytes, leukocyte rolling velocity, erythrocyte velocity, venular blood flow, and shear rate. Macroscopically visible injury was scored 0 to 5. RESULTS: Ten days after Indo treatment the macroscopic score was 3.5+/-0.4 vs. 0.6+/-0.2 of controls, and leukocyte adherence and emigration were increased (2.2-fold and 3.3-fold vs. control, respectively), whereas leukocyte rolling velocity and venular wall shear rate were reduced (both parameters to 81% of control). Glutamine prophylaxis, therapy, and the combination of both significantly attenuated macroscopic damage and prevented the microcirculatory disturbances to a similar extent. The beneficial effects of glutamine were accompanied by a normalization of fecal pH to control level, which had been lowered by Indo treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The long-lasting Indo-induced ileitis was accompanied by macroscopic ulceration and microcirculatory disturbances. Oral therapy and prophylaxis with glutamine reduced macroscopic and microcirculatory inflammatory activity, indicating a special demand for glutamine in this type of inflammation.

Animals↗