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Biomedical subjects

K D Patil

Publications and source records attributed to K D Patil.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The seasonal risk of pediatric/juvenile acute lymphocytic leukemia in the United States.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) occurring in pediatric and juvenile patients of nine U.S.A. locations during 1973 through 1980 was investigated by epidemiologic methodology. Time series periodic regression analysis of the monthly cumulative risk for ages 0-19 years revealed evidence of trimodal periodicity at seven of the nine locations tested. Combined analyses revealed a significant effect of latitude in causing asynchrony of the trimodal patterns observed. The average risk maxima occurred in April, August, and December for U.S.A. locations with latitude above 40 degrees (Seattle, Nebraska, Iowa, Detroit, and Connecticut), and in February, July, and October for other locations (San Francisco, Utah, New Mexico, and Atlanta). Because periodic regression analysis is a complex method, independent validation tests were performed to supplement the original results. Here, the best symmetric trimodal sine curve model of each location was utilized to predict the average pattern among the remaining locations of similar latitude. These validation tests supported the existence of similar trimodal patterns for all of the southern locations, and all of the northern locations except Connecticut. The observed peaks in monthly ALL risk coincide with seasonal elevations in the rates of allergenic and infectious diseases, elements of which are capable of promoting lymphocytic proliferation and transformation. Annual disease rates were significantly lower in populations with a high proportion of Blacks or American Indians compared to predominantly Caucasian populations. The possibility that seasonal factors (environmental allergens and/or infectious agents) promote leukomogenesis via indirect mechanisms is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Aortic rupture and aortic smooth muscle tumors in mice. Induction by p-hydrazinobenzoic acid hydrochloride of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus.

p-Hydrazinobenzoic acid (HBA), an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus, was given in hydrochloride form at a dosage of 0.125% in drinking water for life to randomly bred Swiss mice. Previous studies had demonstrated that either synthetic or naturally occurring hydrazines are carcinogenic in mice with the main tumors so-induced being peripheral angiomas and angiosarcomas. As a result of HBA treatment in the present experiments, smooth muscle cell tumors of the aorta and large arteries were induced in 14% of females and 42% of males, whereas the corresponding frequency of tumors in untreated female and male controls was 0 and 4%, respectively. Tumors were observed as early as at 17 weeks of age. Numerous experimental animals (32% of females and 50% of males) died of aortic rupture. Histopathologically, two major changes were observed to explain both the ruptures and tumors. First, the intimal and inner medial aspect of the aortic walls had undergone effacement with widespread fibrinoid necrosis, accompanied by medial elastinolysis. Second, a proliferation of cells arising in the media, benign in some aortae and frankly malignant in others, was strikingly positive by immunohistochemistry for cytoplasmic actin and myosin, moderately positive for desmin, weakly positive for vimentin, and negative for factor VIII-related antigen. When malignant, the tumors extended into the periaortic adventitial connective tissue. The tumors were classifiable as leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. Thus, HBA is an additional carcinogenic ingredient of the widely consumed mushroom, A. bisporus. A continuum from toxic tissue injury to cellular hyperplasia, dysplasia, and ultimate neoplasia is well-illustrated by HBA.

Agaricus↗
PubMed1986

The effect of feedback in learning clinical diagnosis.

There is evidence that students who are given information about how they appear to weight information in reaching a judgment can learn to make judgments more accurately. In teaching medical diagnosis, the present authors used a microcomputer system to generate simulated cases and then calculate the relationship between the data presented and the student's diagnosis. Students who were given feedback comparing their apparent weighting of clinical information with the correct weighting learned to diagnose urinary tract infection more accurately than control students who received feedback only on the outcome of their diagnosis.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of manual and pressure-controlled periodontal probing.

Over 25,000 sites around natural teeth in three stages of periodontal therapy (prior to instrumentation, following closed subgingival instrumentation and following surgical therapy) were independently probed by two examiners. Examiner A used a conventional periodontal probe with uncontrolled pressure. Examiner B used an identical probe tip mounted in a handle which controlled vertical probing force at 50 g. The pressure-controlled technique produced significantly deeper clinical probing measurements on the direct facial and lingual aspects of teeth regardless of the stage of periodontal therapy that had been completed. Manual probing obtained deeper measurements on the distal-lingual aspects of teeth in the posterior regions which had not received surgical therapy. The percentage match between probing depths obtained by the two methods declined as the probing depths increased. Control of vertical force during probing may provide a more objective method of monitoring periodontal status during longitudinal trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Preoperative cardiac screening before peripheral vascular operations.

Myocardial infarction continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality after peripheral vascular operations. In this study, radionuclide angiography (RNA) of the heart was used to delineate the cardiac risk. In 78 patients, there were 53 abnormal RNA studies. Twenty-seven patients with abnormal RNA underwent coronary angiography. Six aortocoronary bypasses were performed prior to or in conjunction with the vascular operation without complications. Ninety major operations were carried out in these 78 patients. There was no myocardial infarction in patients with normal RNA. There were two postoperative fatal myocardial infarctions in patients with abnormal RNA giving a procedure mortality of 2.2 per cent. In 11 patients, the proposed operation was changed. Thirteen patients with abnormal RNA had no cardiac symptoms. Three patients in this subgroup underwent aortocoronary bypass. It was concluded that RNA can effectively identify the cardiac risk in patients undergoing peripheral vascular operations. Routine coronary angiography may be unnecessary as patients with normal RNA have minimal risk of myocardial infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Thrombectomy of a Hemasite graft.

Hemasite is a new device incorporated in a graft that is used for hemodialysis. A technique of thrombectomizing this device incorporated graft is described.

Arm↗
PubMed1984

The Hemasite-incorporated graft. Operative technique and early results.

A new device (the Hemasite-incorporated graft), has been available to provide access for hemodialysis. Herein, we have described the technique to insert the device and reviewed our early experience. Sixteen Hemasite-incorporated grafts were inserted in 11 patients over a 16 month period. Cumulative functional patency at the end of 1 year was 70 percent. The major complication rate was 0.15 per dialysis month. Patient comfort was considerably increased compared with what was achieved with other grafts. The need for temporary blood access methods is also decreased. More patients may be able to receive hemodialysis at home.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sputum changes associated with the use of ipratropium bromide.

Long-term effects of ipratropium bromide (IB) were evaluated using a double-blind cross-over design in 23 adult chronic bronchitic participants. Two 20-micrograms doses of either IB or placebo were administered as an inhalant four times a day for a period of seven weeks. Sputum volume expectorated during a 24-hour period decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) over the entire length of the study, but sputum viscosity or its dry weight were not affected. Although total number of inflammatory cells in sputum was decreased by the use of IB (p less than 0.05), macrophages increased slightly. Subjects coughed less while receiving IB, and their cough was less severe (p less than 0.05). Ipratropium bromide caused a significant improvement (p less than 0.05) in the mechanics of breathing primarily in the subjects between 46 to 55 years of age. No major adverse reaction to IB was recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Three-year survival rates of pulmonary rehabilitation patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A retrospective study analyzed medical and psychosocial factors associated with the three-year survival rates of clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The 69 percent three-year survival rate was similar to rates reported in previous studies. Neither continued cigarette smoking nor psychological variables were significantly associated with patient longevity. Discriminant analysis revealed that the combination of arterial O(2) and CO(2) tensions or its simple approximation (PaO(2) - PaCO(2)) was the best predictor of patient survival at three years.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1981

Chart reminders in the diagnosis of anemia.

We hypothesized that chart reminders would decrease the number of cases in which a low admission hemoglobin level was missed or ignored. Additionally, we compared the cost of generating the chart reminders by hand with the estimated cost of modifying the university hospital information system for this function. For three months, two medical students reviewed all abnormal hemoglobin results and assigned those more than 1 g below normal limits to a control or study group. A questionnaire, placed in all study group charts, requested an explanation for the low hemoglobin level. Eleven of 141 study cases and 16 of 150 control cases failed the audit criteria (differences not significant). The cost was $308 compared with $3,000 for altering the hospital information system. We conclude that chart reminders did not improve the detection of anemia and that it cost less to test this intervention by manually simulating the computer function.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cancer induction in mice with acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone of the false morel mushroom.

Acetaldehyde methylformylhydrazone (AMFH), which occurs up to 0.3% in one of the edible false morel mushrooms, Gyromitra esculenta, was administered to noninbred Swiss mice in propylene glycol in 52 weekly intragastric instillations as 100 micrograms/g body weight. The treatment induced tumors of the lungs, preputial glands, forestomach, and clitoral glands. The tumor incidences in these four tissues in treated females were 70, 0, 16, and 12%, respectively, whereas in the treated males they were 40, 90, 0, and 0%. The corresponding tumor incidences in the solvent control females were 26, 0, 0, and 0%, whereas in the solvent control males they were 22, 0, 0, and 0%, respectively. Histopathologically, the neoplasms were classified as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the lungs; squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, angiosarcomas, and fibrosarcomas of the preputial glands; squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach; and squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas and keratoacanthomas of the clitoral glands. The study thus proves for the first time the tumorigenicity of AMFH. In view of these and earlier findings, the human population should abstain from consumption of Gyromitra esculenta.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1979

Patient expectation: what is comprehensive health care?

A patient expectation survey was developed and implemented in order to define the spectrum of health care activities expected from the University of Nebraska Family Health Centers. The hypothesis underlying the survey is that patient expectations or opinions vary considerably among the members of any given population. High expectation is present for office visits, emergency services, yearly physical examination, and performance of chest x-ray, blood test, proctoscopy, and eye examination. Psychiatric services, marital counseling, youth counseling, nursing home care, and health education are indicated as not necessary by a plurality of the respondents. Examination of the responses by age, sex, and payment status through canonical correlation reveals a number of strong correlations of specific subgroups and expectations. Factor analysis revealed three independent factors or clusters representating health care issues as perceived by the patient. This study and further similar studies will be helpful in aiding the family physician's understanding of what patients expect. Through a better understanding of patient expectation, patient satisfaction and compliance may be improved.

Adolescent↗