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Biomedical subjects

K D Stottmeier

Publications and source records attributed to K D Stottmeier.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Antimycobacterial activity of rifampin under in vitro and simulated in vivo conditions.

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of rifampin for different species of mycobacteria were determined in 7H-10 agar medium and Lowenstein-Jensen egg medium. When rifampin was incorporated into egg medium, approximately 90% of its activity was lost. The stability of rifampin was tested during storage at different temperatures and concentrations. When tested in agar medium, a combination of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin inhibited multiple drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium intracellulare, but under simulated in vivo conditions the drugs did not eliminate these same organisms. Drug-resistant mutants of M. intracellulare multiplied during an 8-day period when exposed 10 hr daily to the INH-rifampin regimen. However, combinations of rifampin and INH reduced drug-resistant mycobacterial populations by 99%, an effect which could not be enhanced by the addition of either erythromycin, ethionamide, or cycloserine.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1969

New approach for the evaluation of antimycobacterial drug combinations in vitro (the laboratory model man).

An attempt was made to study quantitatively the antimicrobial effect of combinations of commercially available antituberculosis drugs and antibiotics on the growth of multiple drug resistant strains of Mycobacteriunt intracellulare under simulated in vivo conditions. Combinations of erythromycin, isomiazid, methenamine, or exacillin eliminated populations of M. intracellulare when drug combinations in concentrations achievable in man were kept in contact with the organism for 10 hr daily. Although combinations of INH and rifampin failed to eliminate populations of M. intracellulare this pair seemed to be the most effective two-drug combination available. The requirement for successful treatment of drug-resistant mycobacterioses is the selection of an effective drug regimen and the maintenance of combined action of all drugs in the serum for approximately 10 hr daily. An in vitro model is described which enables the bacteriologist to design an effective combination of drugs and to measure its efficiency under simulated in vivo conditions.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1969

Purified protoplasmic peptides of mycobacteria: isolation of species-specific peptides from protoplasm of mycobacteria.

Infections with mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli are responsible for a variable percentage of cross-reactions to tuberculin. Two major suggestions for circumventing this problem have been made: the first, development of a quantitative tuberculin test, is based on the fact that most cross-reactions are smaller than those caused by true tuberculous infections; the second, preparation of purified skin test antigens from other mycobacteria, is based on the hope that greater specificity will be displayed by homologous sensitin. Effort so far has been focused on the culture filtrates as the source of antigen. This article describes the preparation of low molecular weight purified protoplasmic peptides (PPP) of specificity and sensitivity superior to purified protein derivatives.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1969

Purified protoplasmic peptides of mycobacteria: in vivo and in vitro comparison of the species specificity of purified protoplasmic peptides and purified protein derivatives of mycobacterial culture filtrates.

The specificity of purified protein derivatives (PPD) prepared from the culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD), M. kansasii (PPD-Y), M. intracellulare (PPD-B), and M. scrofulaceum (PPD-G) were compared to comparable protoplasmic extracts (PPP) of the same organisms by gel diffusion and delayed hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized guinea pigs. PPD and, to a lesser degree, PPD-Y demonstrated specificities sufficient to enable identification of homologously sensitized guinea pigs in the above group of four mycobacteria. PPD-B and PPD-G did not always elicit the largest reaction in homologously sensitized animals. The PPP sensitins from M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii produced as good skin reactions at 24 and at 48 hr as did their PPD counterparts. The PPP from M. scrofulaceum and M. intracellulare were more specific and more reactive than corresponding PPD, regardless of the time of comparison. Although based on different immunological mechanisms, the specificity of these two groups of sensitins, as demonstrated by delayed hypersensitivity, correlated well with serological comparisons in the gel diffusion test. The low degree of specificity of PPD-B and PPD-G in contrast to that of corresponding PPP was reflected in the precipitin bands in agar gel.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

A simple biological method for determination of small amounts of tuberculostatic agents in fluids.

The authors describe the use of the vertical diffusion test for determining the quantity of certain tuberculostatic drugs in body fluids and the degree of mycobacterial susceptibility to these drugs, using tubercle bacilli as test organisms. It is found to be a reliable assay method for isoniazid, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethionamide and ethambutol when carried out on a modification of Middlebrook 7H-10 solid medium containing 1.5% Oxoid Ion-Agar No. 2.As a drug-susceptibility test, it yields results expressed quantitatively in degrees of sensitivity or resistance and is therefore recommended for use only in laboratories not equipped for more comprehensive testing. The method may also be used for ascertaining the level of tuberculostatic activity of a patient's serum against his own mycobacteria.

Antitubercular Agents↗