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Biomedical subjects

K D White

Publications and source records attributed to K D White.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Improved stability in oral delivery of albuterol provides less variability in bronchodilation in adults with asthma.

The objective of this randomized, single-blind, parallel group study was to determine whether a more constant rate of albuterol delivery from tablets provides less variability in bronchodilation. Thirty-eight adult patients were enrolled with FEV1 between 40% to 80% of predicted normal and greater than or equal to 15% reversibility. Eighteen patients received Volmax, 8 mg bid, and 20 patients received Proventil Repetabs, 8 mg (as two 4-mg tablets) bid. The magnitude and duration of bronchodilation were determined after the first dose and at steady state on treatment day 7 by measuring serial values of pulmonary function for 12 hours on each day. Interpatient variability in bronchodilation was calculated for each study day did not differ significantly between treatments, the interpatient variability in bronchodilation with Volmax was, on average, one-half of that experienced with Proventil Repetabs. Adverse events, mainly headache and tremor, were comparable between Volmax and Proventil Repetabs. This study demonstrates that Volmax achieves less variable bronchodilation through a more constant rate of drug delivery from the onset of therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Adolescents' compliance-resistance: effects of parents' compliance strategy and gender.

This investigation determined choice of compliance-resisting behaviors on the basis of compliance-gaining strategy, gender of parent, and gender of adolescent. One hundred and eighteen 9th- through 12th-grade students identified resistance strategies they would use when confronted with five compliance-gaining attempts: manipulation, nonnegotiation, emotional appeal, personal rejection, and empathic understanding. Each compliance-gaining attempt was associated with a specific parent and a specific compliance-gaining strategy. The results demonstrate significant differences in resistance strategy selected on the basis of parent's gender, adolescent's gender, and compliance-gaining strategy. When mothers employed personal rejection or empathic understanding, the adolescent was most likely to use nonnegotiation. When the mother used an emotional appeal, adolescents used identity management. Fathers who employed manipulation by using an emotional appeal were resisted with justification. When fathers used nonnegotiation or personal rejection, adolescents used nonnegotiation. The father's use of empathic understanding was countered with identity management. Adolescents are more likely to use identity management with their mothers and justification with their fathers. Female adolescents are more likely to use identity management than are male adolescents, while males are more likely to use nonnegotiation and negotiation than are females. Nonnegotiation occurs most often from son to mother, followed by son to father, daughter to father, and daughter to mother.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Preparation of inositol phosphates from sodium phytate by enzymatic and nonenzymatic hydrolysis.

Procedures for preparing myo-inositol bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, and pentakisphosphates from sodium phytate were established. Hydrolysis was achieved by autoclaving or enzymatic treatment; the inositol phosphates were separated by anion-exchange chromatography and were identified by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more specific than autoclaving for isomer formation, whereas autoclaving was more efficient for producing the bis- and trisphosphates, which did not accumulate in significant amounts under the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis. Sodium salts of the inositol phosphates were more powdery and less hygroscopic than the potassium salts. The procedures were satisfactory for producing gram quantities of each inositol phosphate, amounts adequate for animal studies of effects on mineral bioavailability.

6-Phytase↗
PubMed1985

Highly purified human growth hormone fails to stimulate lipolysis in rabbit adipocytes in vitro or in rabbits in vivo.

To determine whether the rapid lipolytic effect observed with human growth hormone (hGH) preparations in rabbits and rabbit adipose tissue is an intrinsic property of the hormone, we examined the lipolytic effects in vivo and in vitro of clinical grade preparations, hGH purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography, and hGH prepared by recombinant DNA techniques. Using isolated rabbit perirenal adipocytes, ACTH and clinical-grade hGH preparations both stimulated glycerol release to the same maximal rate with half-maximal hGH effects observed between 8 and 50 micrograms/mL. Purification of the most potent lipolytic preparation of clinical grade hGH by DEAE cellulose chromatography yielded a preparation (2 IU/mg of growth activity that retained insulinlike effects on rat fat pad [U-14C] glucose metabolism) that, at concentrations up to 0.2 mg/mL, failed to stimulate lipolysis by adipocytes incubated for one or four hours in the presence or absence of dexamethasone or trypsin inhibitor or when preincubated for three hours prior to addition of hGH. Recombinant DNA-derived hGH did not stimulate glycerol release at 0.1 mg/mL. While antiserum to purified hGH blocked the increase in glucose oxidation in rat fat pads produced by clinical grade hGH, it did not inhibit its lipolytic effect using rabbit adipocytes. Purified hGH (0.1 mg/kg IV) was also unable to elicit a rise in serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels of conscious rabbits while, at the same dose, clinical grade hGH increased FFA levels to 900 microEq/L over basal. Rapid lipolytic stimulation in rabbit adipocytes by hGH preparations could not be attributed to the 20,000 molecular weight variant of hGH (hGH20K) or the peptide corresponding to positions 32 to 46 of hGH (deletion peptide).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗