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Biomedical subjects

K Dave

Publications and source records attributed to K Dave.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Comparison of the antisecretory effects of omeprazole when administered intravenously, as acid-stable granules and as an oral paste in horses.

The antisecretory activity of omeprazole on gastric acid when administered i.v., intragastrically or per os, was evaluated in 2 female and 3 castrated male horses. Each horse had been prepared with a chronic indwelling gastric cannula. A single i.v. administration of omeprazole (1.5 mg/kg bwt) was effective in abolishing basal and pentagastrin (PG)-stimulated acid secretion. Once daily, nasogastric administration of omeprazole in acid-stable granules for 5 days inhibited acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner: 57% (1.5 mg/kg bwt) and 98% (5.0 mg/kg bwt) reduction of PG-stimulated acid secretion. The degree of inhibition was maintained over a 19 day treatment period with once daily dosing. A prototype oral paste formulation containing either acid-stable omeprazole granules or uncoated omeprazole powder was equipotent when compared to a similar dosage of acid-stable omeprazole granules administered by nasogastric tube. A dose-dependent inhibition was seen with the oral paste formulation containing omeprazole powder: 55% (1.5 mg/kg bwt) and 77% (3.0 mg/kg bwt) reduction of PG-stimulated acid secretion after 5 days. Therefore, a paste formulation of omeprazole powder may offer an effective, easily administered, once daily acid inhibitory treatment for gastric ulcer disease in horses.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Alterations in intestinal barrier function do not predispose to translocation of enteric bacteria in gastroenterologic patients.

Bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen has been demonstrated in humans. Three mechanisms have been suggested to explain the phenomenon: altered intestinal barrier function, bacterial overgrowth, and impaired host defense. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in intestinal barrier function assessed by measurement of intestinal permeability and morphology were associated with alteration in bacterial translocation. Intestinal permeability was assessed in 43 patients by the lactulose/L-rhamnose test with a 5-h urine collection. Mucosal atrophy was assessed from the villus height-to-mucosal thickness ratio in small-bowel biopsies. Bacterial translocation was determined by microbiologic analysis of harvested mesenteric lymph nodes. No significant differences were apparent in the incidence of bacterial translocation in patients with normal permeability (5 [23%] of 22 patients translocated) compared with patients with increased permeability (4 [19%] of 21 patients translocated). Similarly, no correlation was apparent between the incidence of bacterial translocation and the index of villus atrophy. The degree of villus atrophy failed to correlate with gastrointestinal permeability. These data suggest that the incidence of bacterial translocation is not related to increased intestinal permeability or mucosal atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic significance of tumor angiogenesis in advanced breast carcinoma: an Indian experience.

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. In the present study we investigated the prognostic significance of microvessels (MV) density using immunohisto-localization of factor VIII antigen in 51 breast cancer patients. We counted microvessels per 200x field in the most active areas of neovascularization by staining factor VIII related antigen and graded MV density and correlated with stage, LN involvement and histologic grade. Patients who subsequently developed metastases had significantly high MV counts than patients without metastatic disease (p < 0.001). Patients who subsequently died of the disease had significantly high mean microvessels counts than patients who remained alive at the end of 5 years (p < 0.001). As density of factor VIII antigen staining increased the survival decreased (p < 0.001). All the patients having > 25 MV per 200x field had tumor recurrence faster as compared with patients having < 25 MV (p < 0.02). Thus, the MV count correlates with the prediction for metastasis and poor survival. Such an indicator would be useful in selection of a subgroup of patients with breast cancer who are at high risk for having occult metastasis at presentation and subsequently would benefit from aggressive therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Encapsulation of phosphotriesterase within murine erythrocytes.

A new conceptual approach was employed to antagonize organophosphorus intoxication by using resealed carrier erythrocytes containing a recombinant phosphotriesterase. This enzyme has been reported to hydrolyze many organophosphorus compounds, including paraoxon, a potent cholinesterase inhibitor. Paraoxon is rapidly hydrolyzed by this enzyme to p-nitrophenol and diethylphosphate. Incorporation of phosphotriesterase within resealed murine erythrocytes was accomplished by hypotonic dialysis. The properties of this enzyme within these resealed erythrocytes were investigated. Addition of paraoxon to reaction mixtures containing these resealed erythrocytes loaded with phosphotriesterase resulted in the rapid hydrolysis of paraoxon. Hydrolysis of paraoxon did not occur when these carrier erythrocytes contained no phosphotriesterase. These in vitro studies suggest that carrier erythrocytes may be developed as an approach for the prophylactic and therapeutic antagonism of organophosphorus intoxication.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Tracheal suction in meconium stained infants: a randomized controlled study.

We performed a randomized controlled study of the mortality and morbidity of 49 babies born with thick meconium staining of amniotic fluid. These unasphyxiated babies were consecutively born and were admitted to the intensive care unit for observation as routine. The groups were comparable in regard to sex, birth weight, gestational age, maternal factors like anaemia, toxaemia, antepartum haemorrhage, prolonged rupture of membranes, presentation, and interventions including caesarian section. The control group, comprising 26 babies received only oropharyngeal suction, while the intervention group, comprising 23 babies, underwent oropharyngeal suction followed by tracheal suction. There was no significant difference in the mortality or morbidity in form of evidence of air leak or hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography of the opioid peptides--2. Quantitative structure-retention relationships and isocratic retention prediction.

The ability of Snyder's theory of linear gradient elution to predict the starting isocratic reversed-phase LC conditions (k' = 4-10) for the opioid peptides was investigated. The errors in predicting the concentration of acetonitrile (phi) required to elute the peptides with a k' value of 4 were high, ranging from 13.5 to 38.1%. At k' = 10 the errors were generally reduced to less than 20%. This analysis was repeated with the same peptides after conversion to their fluorescent 1-cyanobenz[f]isoindoles (CBIs) by reaction with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde/cyanide. For the CBI derivatives, the errors in predicting the required concentration of acetonitrile for isocratic elution were markedly reduced and ranged from 0 to 14.3 for k' = 4 and 0 to 11.9% for k' = 10. The errors in the model in predicting the required isocratic mobile phase accurately were attributed to a mixed mechanism of retention involving solvophobic and silanophilic interactions and leading to non-linear relationships between log k' and phi. Even when the errors in predicting the required value of phi were relatively high, the Snyder approach was found to be very useful in predicting the initial starting conditions for the reversed-phase LC of the native opioid peptides as well as their fluorescence CBI derivatives.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Limb gangrene secondary to thromboembolic disease of the newborn.

Thromboembolic disease of the newborn is a well-known entity to neonatologists. When severe arterial compromise threatens limb survival, the orthopaedic surgeon may be called on to assist in the management of this disorder. A case of spontaneous postnatal ischemic gangrene of an upper extremity that resulted in amputation in a premature infant is presented; management options are discussed. Newborns are prone to thromboembolism due to a fibrinolytic capability that is significantly different from that of adults.

Arm↗
PubMed1991

Localization of the 230-kilodalton bullous pemphigoid antigen in cultured keratinocytes: formation of a prehemidesmosome.

The hemidesmosome is the major attachment structure of the epidermal basal cell visible ultrastructurally in skin. The importance of its components to cultured cell attachment to substratum is not understood, however. A component of the hemidesmosome, the 230-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (p230), has been shown to be present in an insoluble or particulate fraction of cultured cells. In order to more fully characterize its potential importance for cell-matrix adhesion in cultured keratinocytes, specific antibodies were raised to the C-terminal region of p230 expressed as a bacterial fusion protein. Such antibodies recognize the hemidesmosome of epidermis, binding on the cytoplasmic region of its plaque. In addition, keratinocytes cultured in a 0.15 mM Ca(2+)-defined medium contain a detergent-resistant pool of p230 which appears to lie in the same focal plane as the culture substrate and has a patchy or irregular distribution by indirect immunofluorescence. Treatment of cultured cells at 4 degrees C with trypsin or pronase sufficient to release keratinocytes from the culture dish does not affect the electrophoretic migration of p230 on SDS-gels, suggesting that p230 is not exposed to the extracellular space. In cells cultured in 0.15 mM Ca2+, 230-kDa BP antigen is localized to discrete clusters resting near the basal plasma membrane of the cell by immunogold staining following brief detergent treatment and fixation. These clusters are approximately 0.1 micron in diameter, which is similar in size to the in vivo hemidesmosome. Fully formed electron dense hemidesmosomal plaques are not observed under the same culture conditions, however. It appears that these clusters are early precursors of the hemidesmosome.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

Multidimensional liquid chromatography of opioid peptides: fluorogenic labelling, retention prediction and separation optimization.

The ultra-trace analysis of opioid peptides in biological samples can be achieved by multidimensional liquid chromatography with pre-column fluorogenic derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde in the presence of cyanide ion. However, in order to take full advantage of the high sensitivity possible with detectors based on laser-induced fluorescence or chemiluminescence, each component of the analytical method must be carefully optimized. In this study, strategies are presented for the prediction of retention time and the optimization of separations of derivatized opioid peptides in multidimensional LC systems.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1990

Retrospective evaluation of recurrence after radical abdominal hysterectomy in patients with cervical carcinoma.

Out of total 176 patients with cervical carcinoma treated with radical abdominal hysterectomy at GCRI, 27 developed recurrence. The results of this study (Study A) were compared with the study carried out by Figge & Tamini, 1981 (Study B) and Thomas W. Burke, 1987 (Study C) as the approaches in all the three studies were more or less similar. The recurrence rates were 15.3%, 11.8% and 11.3% respectively in three studies. In cervical stage IB carcinoma, which is usually treated with this line of treatment, the recurrence rates were 20%, 12.3% and 11.3% respectively in three studies. The highest recurrence rates were observed in adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma i.e. 50% in Study A, 33.3% in Study B and 17.4% in Study C. The adverse effects of high risk factors such as lymph node metastases and CLS involvement were less in Study A as compared to B. The deep stromal invasion was equally responsible in both the studies. The mean and median time interval until observed recurrence with post-operative radiotherapy were better in Studies B and A. Nearly 86% developed recurrence within 24 months which is useful observation for predicting the prognosis in similar situations. The evaluation and comparison of studies stresses the importance of new approaches to treatment on the current modalities as the present approach seems to be less effective especially in the presence of high risk factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗