Tuberculosis of Bartholin's gland.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Dhall
Publications and source records attributed to K Dhall.
Body water distribution in newborn infants appropriate for gestational age.
Total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) were measured within 6 h of birth in 99 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. The two groups of infants included were term (mean +/- SD gestation 272 +/- 7 days) and preterm (mean +/- SD gestation 238 +/- 11 days) infants. The mean TBW +/- SD was 777 +/- 26 ml/kg in preterm infants and 737 +/- 26 ml/kg in term infants. The corresponding ECW was 349 +/- 26 ml/kg and 331 +/- 30 ml/kg respectively. Weight was the best correlate of TBW (r = 0.98) and ECW (r = 0.92) volumes. TBW per unit of body weight showed significant decline with increasing gestation (r = -0.54) and birth weight (r = -0.51). ICW per kg showed a moderate correlation with TBW (r = 0.63), whereas ECW per kg had a low correlation (r = 0.35) with it. TBW/kg in our infants was comparable to infants from other ethnic groups. ICW/kg, however, was consistently higher and ECW/kg lower at all stages of maturation in Indian infants as compared to Caucacian and Negroid infants.
Body Composition↗
Multiple congenital arteriovenous malformations with involvement of the vagina and profuse hemorrhage from vaginal ulcer.
Congenital arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the female pelvis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. An unusual presentation of AVM involving the vagina, abdominal wall, spleen and thigh, with profuse hemorrhage from a vaginal ulcer is described. Doppler, real time ultrasound and computerized tomography were useful in confirmation and delineation of the extensive AVM in this case. Angiography and embolization were thought risky and possibly unnecessary. Bleeding stopped with bed rest and vaginal packing with gauze soaked in 3% hypertonic saline. The ulcer healed after 3 months with conservative management. The risk of future problems was explained to the patient and follow-up was advised. Undertreatment of AVM may be preferable to overtreatment, and the aim should be 'control' rather than 'cure'.
Adult↗
Immunoassay for the determination of surfactant apoprotein (SP-A) in human amniotic fluid: comparison with other indices of assessing foetal lung maturity.
The concentration of the major surfactant-associated protein SP-A (28-36 kDa) was determined in 73 amniotic fluid samples obtained from normal (n = 40) and complicated (n = 33) pregnancies. Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) levels were also determined in all the samples by one-dimensional step-wise thin-layer chromatography. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine human lung surfactant apoprotein SP-A. The amount of SP-A in human amniotic fluid increased as a function of gestational age from 8 mg l-1 at 36 weeks to 11.75 mg l-1 at 40-41 weeks of gestation. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.01) in amniotic fluid SP-A concentration from female (9.93 +/- 0.60 micrograms ml-1) compared to male (9.10 +/- 0.52 micrograms ml-1) foetuses. In amniotic fluid samples obtained from a group of complicated pregnancies, SP-A levels were significantly lower than in the normal group when adjusted for gestational age and sex of the foetus (p less than 0.05).
Amniotic Fluid↗
Interaction of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (SP-A) with surfactant lipids.
A pulmonary surfactant-associated protein complex with components of 36, 32 and 28 kDa was isolated from human lung homogenates and reassembled with surfactant lipids prepared as small unilamellar liposomes. The role of divalent cations in the assembly of this recombinant lipoprotein complex was studied by monitoring the changes in turbidity, intrinsic tryptophanyl fluorescence and surface activity. The protein-facilitated lipid aggregation was promoted on addition of 5 to 20 mM Ca2+. Intrinsic fluorescence measurements on SP-A (28-36 kDa) indicated that the tryptophan side chains were in a relatively hydrophobic environment, that the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission and also the relative fluorescence, were changed upon the binding of lipid. Tryptophanyl fluorescence of the lipoprotein assembly was quenched as indicated by a reduction in the effective Stern-Volmer constant. These results suggest that Ca2+ lipid-protein interactions are involved in the structure and function of extracellular lung surfactant assembly.
Adult↗
Analysis of the major surfactant-associated proteins in human lung.
The protein component of human pulmonary surfactant was analysed. A purified surfactant preparation, after delipidation, was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The proteins present in the surfactant were categorised by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into serum and non-serum components. Molecular masses determination showed the presence of three sub-groups with molecular masses of 60-68 kDa, 28-36 kDa and 10-18 kDa, respectively. Antiserum generated against 28-36 kDa protein strongly reacted with the purified surfactant and amniotic fluid, while it did not show any cross reactivity with other groups of proteins and serum in a double diffusion immunoprecipitation assay. We propose that this protein is the major non-serum surfactant-associated protein present in human lung surfactant.
Adult↗
Analysis of menstrual records of women immunized with anti-hCG vaccines inducing antibodies partially cross-reactive with hLH.
Menstrual data of 13 control subjects and 88 subjects immunized with three beta-hCG-based vaccine formulations were analysed. Immunization did not change the menstrual regularity; bleeding days were normal (3-7 days) and 89% of the menstrual cycles were within the normal range of 22-35 days. Irregular (short or long) cycles were observed in both immunized and control groups. These were, however, unrelated to prevailing anti-hCG antibody titres or to cross-reactivity of antibodies with hLH.
Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
Phase I clinical trials with three formulations of anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine.
Comparative phase I clinical trials were carried out in 5 centres with three formulations of beta-hCG-based vaccines inducing antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin. The objectives of these trials were to determine their relative immunogenicity, duration, reversibility and safety. A total of 116 tubal ligated women volunteers were enrolled in the study and 101 subjects were followed-up for one year or more until the antibody titres declined to near zero levels. Every woman receiving the vaccine produced anti-hCG and anti-tetanus antibodies. Clinical examination carried out at intervals of 4-6 weeks revealed no abnormality. No serious side effects or adverse reactions were reported with any of the formulations during primary immunization with three monthly injections of the vaccine. Eleven women, however, demonstrated hypersensitivity to test dose at the time of the booster injection. The reaction was to tetanus toxoid; gonadotropin subunits conjugated to another carrier did not evoke any such reaction. Progesterone in bleeds taken at midluteal phase, as well as complete progesterone and estradiol done in two immunized women, indicated normal ovulatory cycles. Immunization with these formulations had no significant effect on haematological, clinical chemistry and other metabolic parameters. In summary, the results indicate that none of the three beta-hCG-based contraceptive vaccines had any adverse effects clinically, on endocrine status and metabolic parameters. Formulations A and B induced comparatively higher anti-hCG titres than M. Thus, further work can be undertaken to study the efficacy of these vaccines in humans for preventing pregnancy.
Adult↗
Inferior vena cava ligation for intractable pelvic haemorrhage.
Inferior vena cava ligation was performed as the last resort in a case of iatrogenic injury to the common iliac veins during pelvic surgery. The post-operative recovery was satisfactory.
Adult↗
Perinatal outcome in relation to maternal glycaemic control in diabetic mothers.
The relationship between glycaemic control and perinatal outcome was assessed in 60 pregnant diabetic women, divided into three groups on the basis of the mean plasma glucose level. Group I, had mean plasma glucose less than 120 mg/dl (32 patients); group II, mean plasma glucose 121-140 mg/dl (13 patients); and group III, mean plasma glucose exceeding 140 mg/dl (15 patients). The degree of maternal glycaemic control appeared to affect the perinatal outcome. Neonatal morbidity was minimum in group I (31.25%) followed by group II infants (46.15%) and maximum in group III infants (66.6%). Maintenance of maternal plasma glucose level at or below 120 mg/dl was thus associated with minimum neonatal morbidity.
Adult↗
Sequential isolation and biochemical analysis of pulmonary surfactant from human lung homogenate.
Pulmonary surfactant was isolated from human lung homogenate after differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Purification of the isolated material was ascertained by electron microscopy and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) specific activity. Elevated levels of phospholipid/protein ration and AKP specific activity were observed in the purified material when monitored at different stages of purification. Biochemical analysis of the isolated material showed that it consisted of 74.08% lipid, 19.06% protein and relatively smaller amounts of nucleic acids, sialic acid and hexoses. Phosphatidyl choline was the predominant phospholipid whereas triglycerides and cholesterol levels were high among neutral lipids. Gas liquid chromatography of the material showed palmitic acid (16:0) as the major saturated fatty acid. These findings indicated that a large scale isolation of surfactant might be possible and utilized for therapeutic treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Adult↗
Survey of cutaneous lesions in Indian newborns.
A total of 900 consecutive newborns delivered at the Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India, over a period of 7 months were examined for presence of skin lesions within 48 hours of birth. Commonly observed skin lesions were Epstein pearls (88.7%), mongolian spots (62.2%), milia (34.9%), sebaceous hyperplasia (31.8%), salmon patches (28.4%), and erythema toxicum neonatorum (20.6%). These figures are comparable with earlier reports. Impetigo neonatorum occurred in 11.3% of infants, and was frequent in our hot and humid climate from May to August. Traumatic skin lesions were most often present in babies who had forceps deliveries. Three hundred ten (34%) babies were available for follow-up up to six weeks. Additional skin lesions observed were omphalitis (16 babies), oral thrush (9) and postinflammatory hypomelanosis (8). Three infants had atopic dermatitis, two each had seborrheic dermatitis, diaper dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, and nevus achromicus. One each had vitiligo, ichthyosis vulgaris, urticaria, and strawberry hemangioma. These observations highlight the importance of repeat examination for the appearance of skin lesions during the neonatal period.
Female↗
Isolation and chemical composition of surface-active material from human lung lavage.
Surface-active material (SF) was isolated from human lung lavage fluid collected at autopsy employing differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The isolated material showed well-defined electron microscopic structure, consisting of clearly preserved, closely packed vesicles with limiting membranes and inclusion bodies. It showed a very high degree of alkaline phosphatase specific activity and was devoid of other subcellular contaminants. The isolated material also showed a high phospholipid/protein ratio and increasing surface activity when monitored at different stages of purification. It contained 68.5% phosphatidylcholine, 11.5% phosphatidylglycerol and relatively smaller amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and other individual phospholipid (PL) classes. In addition, cholesterol, unesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols and other neutral lipids were found. Saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid (16:0), predominated in the major PL fractions. However, various fatty acids of which oleic acid (18:1) constituted a large proportion also are present. Chemical analysis of the material showed that besides lipids and proteins, nucleic acids, sialic acid, hexose, amino sugars, nitrogen and phosphorus were present. The delipidated material showed the presence of three to four proteins as characterized by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-200 resolved two well-separated peaks. The first fraction contained serum-associated 68 kDa protein, while the second fraction had two apoproteins with molecular weights of 34 kDa and 10 kDa. These two proteins were associated with the SF and they, as well as the whole surface-active material, strongly reacted with the antibody directed against the whole SF in a double-diffusion immunoprecipitation assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Phase I and II clinical trials with Vicoa Indica (Banjauri), a herbal medicine, as an antifertility agent.
Safety and contraceptive efficacy of Vicoa Indica (Banjauri), a herbal contraceptive, has been evaluated in female subjects for the first time by using modern methods of a clinical trial. The drug, when administered in a dose of 15 gm once a day for 3 days for 3 cycles, was found to be free from side effects and possessed antifertility activity which is dose-related and can be improved upon by modifying the drug delivery system.
Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
Comparison of pharyngeal aspiration and amniotic fluid surfactant phospholipids for prediction of RDS.
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Amniotic Fluid↗
Effect of maternal cardiac disease on perinatal outcome.
Perinatal outcome of 223 pregnancies complicated by maternal cardiac disease, over a 5-year period has been studied. Mean birth-weights of these babies were compared to the Institute's reference neonatal weight curves at different periods of gestation and found lower than the reference. The mean difference of 150 g was statistically significant. The incidence of prematurity, small for gestational age and perinatal mortality was analyzed according to the risk factors i.e. type, duration and severity of symptoms. The perinatal outcome was directly proportional to the severity of symptoms, irrespective of the type and duration of heart disease.
Adult↗
A screening programme for gestational diabetes.
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Adolescent↗
Childbirth following primary cesarean section--evaluation of a scoring system.
Of 1184 cases with previous cesarean section, 590 were selected for trial of vaginal delivery and 594 for repeat cesarean section. Of the former group, 76.6% had successful vaginal delivery. Incidence of uterine wound dehiscence and of perinatal mortality was highest in cases with primary classical cesarean section. Factors like indications for previous cesarean section, history of intercurrent vaginal delivery, weight of baby and period of gestation had positive correlation with delivery outcome.
Cesarean Section↗