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Biomedical subjects

K Doghramji

Publications and source records attributed to K Doghramji.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Triazolam diminishes daytime sleepiness and sleep fragmentation in patients with periodic leg movements in sleep.

Fifteen subjects (9 men and 6 women) exhibiting objective evidence of excessive daytime somnolence and periodic leg movements in sleep underwent 4-7 days of treatment with triazolam (0.25 or 0.50 mg) and placebo in a double-blind crossover design. One night of polysomnography followed by daytime multiple sleep latency testing were conducted on the first and last days of each treatment block. By the last day of treatment, the mean multiple sleep latency test score after triazolam (9.0 minutes) was significantly greater than that after placebo (5.7 minutes). Thus, triazolam treatment led to a decrease in daytime somnolence. Triazolam also improved sleep architecture and continuity; it increased total sleep time, decreased the number of awakenings and arousals, and decreased stage 1 and increased stage 2 percentages. Although the frequency of periodic electromyographic bursts remained unchanged, the frequency of associated arousals decreased after treatment. Short-term treatment with triazolam is thus effective in diminishing daytime sleepiness and in improving sleep architecture, continuity and duration in patients with periodic leg movements in sleep. These effects do not seem to be mediated through a decrease in periodic leg movement activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Light-induced plasma melatonin suppression in seasonal affective disorder.

1. Subjects with seasonal affective disorder were exposed to 0, 500 and 1000 lux of white light for one hour beginning at 0300 hours. 2. Plasma samples were taken periodically and analysed for melatonin. 3. Plasma melatonin levels were suppressed by exposure to both 500 and 1000 lux light levels, suggesting that SAD patients show no neuroendocrine insensitivity to light but may show supersensitive responses to light.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of winter depression with a portable, head-mounted phototherapy device.

1. A portable, head-mounted device was developed for administration of light therapy. A randomized crossover protocol was used to test the therapeutic efficacy of this device, compared to a standard light box, for treatment of winter depression. 2. Depressive symptoms were significantly reduced by both the head-mounted device and the light box. 3. Therapeutic efficacy of the two devices was not significantly different. 4. The head-mounted device was rated by patients as significantly more convenient than the conventional light box; this may be important in improving patient compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

2- versus 4-hour evening phototherapy of seasonal affective disorder.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has been successfully treated with bright light, and morning exposure has been deemed more effective than exposure at other times. Evening treatment may offer a practical advantage, but the optimal duration of exposure has not been established. Six SAD patients were treated at home for 1 week with 2500 lux of light given either from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. or from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. using a counterbalanced crossover design with a minimal withdrawal period of 1 week between conditions. Both treatments were effective in reversing SAD symptoms, but neither treatment was superior. These results suggest that evening phototherapy for as little as 2 hours may be a useful and reasonable alternative for the treatment of SAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sleep disorders: a selective update.

Recent years have seen significant advances in sleep disorders medicine, including effective treatments for chronic psychophysiological insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; greater understanding of biological rhythms and of the nature of sleep in depression, including seasonal affective disorder; and the discovery of REM behavior disorder. The author reviews selected developments in the sleep disorders field over the last three years. Developments are presented in the framework of the diagnostic classification of the American Sleep Disorders Association, with emphasis on areas relevant to the practice of psychiatry.

Disorders of Excessive Somnolence↗
PubMed1988

Snap-Gauge band versus penile rigidity in impotence assessment.

We examined the ability of the Snap-Gauge band to differentiate rigid from nonrigid erections in men complaining of impotence. A total of 80 patients was measured by a Snap-Gauge band and via technician assessment of erectile rigidity while undergoing nocturnal penile tumescence testing. The Snap-Gauge band correctly diagnosed 77.5 per cent of the patients with a sensitivity of 70 per cent and specificity of 80 per cent. The Snap-Gauge band is inexpensive compared to sleep laboratory testing and it is relatively reliable. We conclude that the Snap-Gauge band has a role in impotence assessment and it can function as a screening device in evaluation of this problem.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1986

The demographic profile of borderline personality disorder.

In a survey of borderline personality disorder, 23 studies that included data on age, sex, or race of the patient samples were identified. Comparison of patients who had borderline personality disorder with control groups in these studies revealed that a significant preponderance of patients with the disorder were young, white, and female. This finding cannot be considered conclusive because data were pooled from studies with questionable sampling techniques. Yet, this demographic profile warrants confirmation because it may imply diagnostic biases or actual differences in the prevalence of borderline personality disorder among various groups.

Adolescent↗