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Biomedical subjects

K E Bühler

Publications and source records attributed to K E Bühler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Evaluation and utilization of complementary medical procedures--a survey of 793 physicians in general practice and the clinic].

It is well known that complementary medicine is demanded by numerous patients and used by many doctors. In a representative postal survey of 793 female and male doctors working in practices and hospitals in the town and in the district of Kassel we could confirm the wide distribution of these procedures, especially as far as doctors in practice are concerned. It was the special interest of our study to analyse the motives for the use and the indications and to ask for a detailed and differential assessment of 18 complementary techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The evaluation of life event data.

Data from three life event studies are compared. The interviews covered events that occurred within a period of 2 years before interview. The same inventory was used in each of the studies. Samples were drawn from depressives, myocardial infarction patients and an industrial worker population. The patient groups were interviewed twice within 4 weeks. Fewer than 50% of the total number of events reported in the retests were recorded twice. For events reported in both interviews the correlations of subjective appraisals were only moderate. There is considerable fall-off for reports of events occurring more than 6 months before interview. It was expected that the severest events would have the lowest, and the least severe ones the highest frequencies. Instead, inappropriate labels of the rating scales led to clusterings of severity ratings at their extreme points. Numbers of events and severity ratings were positively correlated with measures of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Similarities and differences of existential analysis and psychoanalysis].

The concise curriculum vitae of the founder of existential analysis is followed by an introduction to the five stages of the development of that psychotherapy: the stage of learning, of practice, of criticism, of the alternative to psychoanalysis and of reconciliation. The criticism aimed especially at Freud's naturalism and at the concept of drive. These concepts were opposed by ontoanalytic doctrines derived from the Heidegger's ontoanalysis. The differences between both psychotherapies were exemplified by a presentation of the treatment of a "hysterical phobia" which was originally explained in psychoanalytic and later in ontoanalytic terminology.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The significance of the Balint-group work: a review of the literature and an empirical study in Unterfranken].

The group work initiated by Michael Balint aims at a comprehensive understanding of the doctor-patient-relationship and a patient-centered medicine. In a review of the literature some studies are presented, which focus on results of Balint work and changes in the participants of this group method. An empirical study of 436 physicians in Unterfranken shows that about 9% have participated in Balint work. Attitudes and motivations of the participants and setting and results of Balint work are studied as well as notions and knowledge of those, who have not done Balint work yet. The study demonstrates positive results in most of the participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The facial profile and personality picture in children].

Facial skeletal malformations may not only lead to impaired function, but also diminish psychosocial well-being. Negative social experiences often arise from stereotyped character judgments such as those connected with the profile of the jaw. In this study, 146 orthodontic patients aged between nine and 14 years and student control subjects judged silhouettes of typical Angle class I, II/1 and III profiles on the basis of semantic differential and sociometric choice techniques. Moreover, the satisfaction of the subjects with the appearance of their heads and bodies, as well as their self-perceived personalities, were assessed with the aid of psychological inventories. Class II/1 profiles were characterised as rather shy, reserved, and melancholic, while to class III profiles were attributed reduced social acceptance and less popularity at school. In general, judgement of the silhouette profiles proved to be independent of the judge's own profile. Thus, the existence of trait stereotypes vis-á-vis class II/1 and class III profiles can be confirmed experimentally in children, too. The impact of social stereotypes on psychological well-being, however, is likely to be modified by numerous factors, in particular by social interaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Ethical aspects of psychotherapy].

There are many ethical problems in theory and practice of psychotherapy. Aims of therapy, effectiveness, side effects and modalities of therapy are discussed in detail. The dependency of these aspects from anthropological considerations and understanding of illness is stressed. As far as side effects of psychotherapy are concerned abuse of the patient by the psychotherapist is distinguished from those potentially harmful effects which are due to the specific process of psychotherapy. The relationship of psychotherapy to psychopharmacotherapy is discussed in a special passage.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1992

[Achievement motivation in essential hypertension: an empirical study].

The influence of achievement-motivation on hypertonia was investigated by a psychometric questionnaire for achievement-motivation with four scales: achievement-motivation, steadiness and diligence, positive examination-anxiety and negative examination-anxiety. The sample of 53 persons was drawn by chance out of an unbiased set of hypertonic patients. Mean by age: 45 years; part of female: 28 subjects; part of male: 25 subjects; vocational school: 16 subjects; high-school: 20 subjects; academics: 20 subjects. The sample of the hypertonic patients was compared with a matched sample of normotonics, concerning sex, age, and education and also with the sample for the construction of the questionnaire. There were significant differences (p = .05) of the hypertonics in the scales achievement-motivation, steadiness and diligence, and positive examination-anxiety but no difference in negative examination-anxiety. The results were discussed with regard to neurophysiological activation theory.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

[Psychometric differentiation of schizophrenic and schizoaffective psychoses].

The investigation aims at cognitive deficits of schizoaffective disorders, at the differentiation of the schizomanic and the schizodepressive subtypes, and at the cognitive differentiation of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders. Schizoaffective patients show no cognitive deficits in comparison to a nonclinical sample. There are no cognitive differences between the schizomanic and the schizodepressive subtype, but significant differences between schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients in test-scores concerning concentration and abstract reasoning. No differences in test-scores concerning verbal abilities are found.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Mood and emotions in autogenic training].

The effects of Autogenic Training on mood and feeling (assessed by an adjective list) were investigated with personality (assessed by the Eysenck Personality Inventory) and suggestibility (assessed by a questionnaire) and the state of training (assessed by regular training) as independent parameters. There are positive and immediate effects of the training on mood and feeling as well, especially for the scales: activity, extra-/introversion, irritation, anxiety and depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Disorders of language and cognition in schizophrenic patients and their effect on communication].

The subjects of this study are disturbances of concept formation in schizophrenics and the influence of that disorder on communication. The verbal coding and recognition of colours of a group of chronic schizophrenics and their normal controls were investigated. In describing the colours, the schizophrenics showed less variability, lower utterance lengths, and shorter reaction times for coding. These symptoms were interpreted as an indication that the schizophrenics don't realize the complexity of the task and differentiate less between the different descriptions (over inclusion). This higher stereotypy contradicts the suggested higher creativity of schizophrenics. No difference was found between the coding of schizophrenics and that of normals in communication with normals. However the schizophrenics showed a deficit of decoding. This was also interpreted as an indication of enlarged concepts within the meaning of the conception of "over inclusion".

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Efficiency factors in psychotherapy--specific and nonspecific influences].

The effectiveness of psychotherapy is discussed especially concerning the problem of specific versus unspecific factors and their possible interdependence. After a critical review of the results of the evaluation research some important paradigmatic papers on the differential operation of psychotherapeutic methods were evaluated. As there are no doubts that psychotherapy is effective in general even if it was performed by untrained therapist the impact of the specific and the unspecific factors has been investigated. As a result there was no convincing proof for the efficiency of specific factors in psychotherapy. As a consequence the unspecific factors have to be considered as highly effective in psychotherapy. Some models of the relationship factors were demonstrated and discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Perception, expression and psychosomatic functions].

The investigation starts with the mind/body-problem and with epistemological peculiarities of psychophysical processes. Every monism has to be conceived at least as a dualism of properties. As a special kind of dualism the functionalism is an example against the type/type-identity thesis but not against the token-/token-identity thesis. But the last one is no serious alternative for genuine psychological methods. But also the functionalism does not offer a complete psychological theory: there is an ambivalence concerning the secondary qualities and also concerning intentionality. Bodily expressions were analyzed according the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

[Cognitive performance profile in schizophrenic patients].

The cognitive abilities of 189 schizophrenics were investigated by standard tests of intelligence, verbal and non-verbal, selected according to current models of information processing in schizophrenia, to show a specific cognitive deficit. The diagnostic procedure followed the St. Louis research diagnostic criteria. The following cognitive profile has been found: Good verbal abilities and good abilities in verbal abstractions, middle-sized deficit in non-verbal intelligence and non-verbal abstractions but also in cognitive accuracy and in the range of attention. The deficit in concentrations was very high. This characteristic cognitive profile is very useful for the rehabilitation of the patients and probably also for the diagnosis.

Attention↗
PubMed1985

[Personality and neurosis in the biographical perspective].

A biographical conception of neurosis requires a dynamical perspective of personality which may be defined as the relative stability of a person in time. The life-cycle is not merely a sequence of data but a complex pattern which can be reconstructed by all semiotic systems. But the ordinary all-purpose language is to be preferred because of its flexibility to fit even very complicated state of affairs. The narration of a life-cycle does not end in a unique version but a multiplicity of legitimate narratives. The unity of all these versions is conceived as paradigma, that means a set of similar examples. The extensional set of the paradigma shows a kind of order which may be characterized intensionally by a rule or a sense. The seeming irrationality of a neurotic symptom is caused by its belonging to a different paradigma for which there is a sense. Psychotherapy is an attempt to give the seeming irrational symptoms a specific sense and to change it in a second step.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[Untruth and self-deception as fundamental dimensions of human existence: the problem of the unconscious].

The models of Freud on unconsciousness lead to logical contradictions or to a fragmentation of the person if the causal energetic view of mental organization is abandoned in favour of a metaphorical interpretation of Freud's concept. On the other hand, the person is eliminated in such an causel energetic model. Existential psychotherapies refer to Heidegger who claims that consciousness is not completely self-transparent and may conceal itself by forgetting and remembering in correspondence with the interests of the person. Self- concealment of consciousness as a source of unconsciousness is a process of disintegration of sense. Therefore, the therapy should lead the patient to discover his potentialities, to enable him to recognize untruth and self-deception as contradictions to these potentialities. Untruth and self-deception are-as Nietzsche has already shown-dimensions of the unconsciousness.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Principle factors and symptom complexes in delirium tremens, factor and a group analytic study].

Before treatment 80 unselected patients suffering from delirium tremens were examined with regard to 13 psychopathological criteria. For the data a matrix of correlation was computed and it was factor analyzed according to the principal-component method. In consideration of the course of the value-curve two factors were interpreted. The result, however, is an undetailed classification. In addition to that, the data were cluster-analyzed according Ward. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis admit the assumption of two great, though heterogenous groups of symptoms (hallucination/vigilance). Factor I comprises the symptoms, disorder of orientation and consciousness, sweating, agitation and tremor on its positive pole, the duration of the delirant state on its negative pole. Factor II combines paranoid-hallucinatory symptoms, fearful affects and suggestibility on its positive pole, while on its negative, there are happy affect and grand-mal seizures. The bipolarity of this factor and additional diagnoses show that paranoid-hallucinatory symptoms without disorder of consciousness and grand-mal seizures mutually exclude each other. From this a differential therapy treating patients suffering from paranoid-hallucinatory symptoms with neuroleptics (e.g. Haloperidol) can be deduced, while the danger of grand-mal seizures has to be considered when disorders of consciousness appear.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗