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Biomedical subjects

K E Kinnamon

Publications and source records attributed to K E Kinnamon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. 13. Derivatives with antifilarial activity.

Several members of a series of 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones possess in vivo and in vitro macrofilaricidal properties. The most promising of the group tested is N4-(2-aminophenyl)-2-[1-(2-pyridinyl)ethylidene]-hydrazinecarbothioam ide (4), which suppressed 100% of the macrofilariae of Brugia pahangi and 94% of those of Acanthocheilonema viteae in the jird at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day x 5. Compounds 4 and 14 were also shown to inactivate or kill Onchocerca gutturosa and Onchocerca volvulus adult worms as measured by the loss of their motility or the inhibition of the conversion by the worms of the dye MTT to formazan.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Screening procedure using chicks infected with the sporozoites of Plasmodium gallinaceum in an antimalarial drug development programme.

Of 10 000 compounds tested for tissue schizontocidal activity in a Plasmodium gallinaceum-chick model, 157 were also tested in a definitive mouse test (DMT) and 277 in a rhesus monkey test (RMT). The results in the avian model were 78% and 55% in agreement with those of the DMT and RMT, respectively. This result is not as good as that for a tissue schizontocidal mouse screen previously reported, which showed 93% and 80% agreement with DMT and RMT, respectively. More than three-quarters of the compounds tested in DMT and RMT were 8-aminoquinolines, a chemical class known to have tissue schizontocidal activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Preparation of veterinary gross anatomy specimens: a method that allows storage at room temperature for four years.

On the basis of methods used to prepare human anatomic specimens, 2 Yucatan miniature pigs were embalmed over 4 years ago. Results obtained suggest that specimens commonly used in the teaching of veterinary gross anatomy may be fixed in this manner. Advantages include no requirement for refrigeration, superior long-term preservation, less offensive odor, and better tissue texture qualities, including less evidence of dehydration.

Anatomy, Veterinary↗
PubMed1979

A new chemical series active against African trypanosomes: benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts.

Antitrypanosomal activity for benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts is reported for the first time. Testing was conducted using Trypanosoma rhodesiense infected mice. Of 70 phosphorus-containing compounds tested, 21 were active. Sixteen of these active chemical species were benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts. Four were nonbenzyl triphenyl compounds. The remaining active drug was a benzyldiphenylphosphonium salt.

Onium Compounds↗
PubMed1979

Activity of antitumor drugs against African trypanosomes.

Of 49 compounds known to have antitumor properties, 6 were found to have significant activity against Trypanosoma rhodesiense infections in mice. Activity against the African trypanosomes has not been reported previously for any of these six compounds. In order of decreasing activity these compounds were: (i) imidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1,1-triazene), (ii) inosine diglycolaldehyde, (iii) cis-diamminedichloro-platinum, (iv) streptozotocin, (v) coralyne sulfate, and (vi) 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. The percentage of "hits" (12.2%) from these known antitumor agents was approximately twice as great as when other means are employed for the selection of compounds for this test system.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The development of a "high volume tissue schizonticidal drug screen" based upon mortality of mice inoculated with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei.

A biological test system has been developed to assess the prophylactic activity of compounds against sporozoite-induced Plasmodium berghei malaria in mice. The procedure was designed to serve as the foundation of an effort to develop tissue schizonticidal drugs in a manner parallel to that of a previous system employed in the U.S. Arym Antimalarial Drug Development Program to screen compounds for blood schizonticidal activity. In tests with 35 known antimalarial compounds, the new screen was found to be in agreement 93% and 80%, respectively, when assessed compound activity was compared with results obtained in a definitive mouse causal prophylactic test and a rhesus monkey radical curative system.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The antileishmanial activity of lepidines.

A series of lepidines (6-methoxy-4-methyl-8-aminoquinoline derivatives) was studied in a hamster-Leishmania donovani model. Members of this class were found to have activity many-fold that of the standard, meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). One of them, 8-(6-diethylamino-hexylamino)-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline, designated WR 6026, when given orally was over 700 times as effective as the standard antimonial drug.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1977

In search of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs: new leads from a mouse model.

Nine of 25 carefully selected compounds (from a stock of more than 200 000 chemical species amassed principally as a result of testing against other parasitic diseases) were found to have significant suppressive activity against the parasites in the blood of a Trypanosoma cruzi mouse model. Eight of these compounds evaluated in this model had suppressive activity equal to or greater than the reference compound, nifurtimox. For the first time, suppressive activity against T. cruzi is reported for a 7-aminoquinoline, a phosphonium salt, and TAC pamoate; The biological model is believed to be able to serve as a means of identifying other new "leads* in seeking drugs broadly effective against T=ruzi infections in man.

5-Amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol↗
PubMed1975

Biological screening in the U.S. Army antimalarial drug development program.

The methods of testing drugs in the United States Army Antimalarial Drug Development Program are described. To date over two hundred thousand compounds have been screened. For each 3,000 compounds evaluated in the primary screen, only 1 is assessed for efficacy in the final test system. Of those potential antimalarials assessed in this last system, only about half are deemed worthy of preclinical toxicological evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Alterations in graft--ersus-host reactivity and peripheral leukocytes in mice after erythropoietin treatment.

Treatment of mice on four consecutive days with either erythropoietin (EP) or rabbit antimouse thymocyte serum (ATS) resulted in a significant reduction in antigenic reactivity of spleen cells as measured by the Simonsen assay. In normal animals, treatment with either EP or ATS resulted in lymphopenia and in most instances a neutrophilia and a variable monocytopenia. Similar alterations in these cell types were recorded for polycythemic mice subsequent to treatment with either EP or ATS. These data plus histologic analyses support the idea that there is an inverse relationship between the cells committed to differentiate along the lymphoid cell line and the cells committed to differentiate along myeloid cell lines. Further, the data are consistent with the "carrying capacity" concept regarding the stem cell microenvironment and support the monophyletic theory.

Animals↗