Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K E Lewis.
This paper looks at the patient satisfaction levels with care in an emergency department (ED) setting. Specific aspects of nursing care, information given to patients, auxiliary personnel and ED environment are examined in the light of the current literature on the subject. Recommendations for practice are provided to assist the nurse and administrator in updating their accountability to the ED patient.
Throughout the stuttering literature numerous references to a twofold classification of disfluency types are found. However, no rigorous empirical test of that dichotomous classification has been reported in the literature. This investigation was designed to conduct such a test in order to provide an empirical foundation for that distinction. The hypotheses stated that the relationships among disfluency behaviors were consistent with an underlying two-dimensional structure and specified the group of variables (disfluency behaviors) having primary association with each dimension. Instrumentation and procedures permitting reliable identification and coding of nine disfluency behaviors were developed. This observational system was applied to baseline monologues obtained from 180 adult stutterers. Results of factor analyses supported the hypotheses on the two-factor structure and on the disposition of the disfluency variables.
A method for dissociating and culturing myoblast cells from normal (golden Syrian) and myopathic (CHF-146) hind leg muscles of 8- to 10-day-old hamsters has been described. We have compared the fusion ability of the myoblasts from normal tissue with that of myopathic myoblasts and, further, we have studied this process with respect to gelatin-coated and uncoated plastic culture dishes. Our data show that myoblasts from normal tissue grows well on both surfaces, although fusion is enhanced when these cells are grown on a gelatin-coated surface. Myoblasts from dystrophic tissue, however, appear to have an impaired ability to adhere to an uncoated surface, although fusion is enhanced when these myoblasts are grown on coated plates. The fusion percentage of the dystrophic cells is consistently lower than that of myoblasts from normal tissue. At low concentrations of 5-azacytidine tested, there seems to be no enhancement of fusion capability in either the normal or dystrophic lines.
Studies of four mating types of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium giganteum revealed that each strain secrets its own sexual hormone to which each of the other three strains responds by forming macrocysts. Based on the ability to secrete or respond to hormone, the four strains can be arranged in a mating-type hierarchy.
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The existence of sexual hormone in Dictyostelium purpureum was revealed when the extracelluar medium from certain strains (Dp6 or Dp7) induced macrocyst formation when added to cells of the opposite mating type (Dp2). Our results suggest that mating in cellular slime moulds may involve a secreter-responder system whereby one mating-type strain (Dp6 or Dp7) releases sexual hormone while the opposite strain (Dp2) responds. However, the existence of a hormone released by the responding strain has not been completely ruled out by our experiments. The sexual hormones of cellular slime moulds appear to be species-specific since hormone from D. purpureum cannot induce macrocyst formation in responder strains of D. discoideum and hormone from D. discoideum has no effect on D. purpureum cells.
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Sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum has many unique features making it an attractive eukaryotic model system for the study of biomembrane fusion and intercellular communication. The work presented here provides primary biochemical evidence for two distinct phases during early sexual development that appear to be defined by calcium-dependent gamete cell fusion. In addition, we introduce a novel procedure for the enrichment of zygote giant cells and use this method to define certain wheat-germ agglutinin binding glycoproteins which are specifically located in zygote giant cells and others which are markers for surrounding amoebae in the second phase of development. In addition, a G protein which is present in high amounts early in development is unique to giant cells in the second phase, suggesting a role in phagocytosis. Finally, alkaline phosphatase activity was found to mark the first phase of sexual development, suggesting a role in cell fusion. This contrasts with the patterns of alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucosidase activity that increase late in the second developmental phase, where they likely function in endocyte digestion during the cytophagic period. The developmental significance of these findings is discussed.
Few major hospitals have been left untouched by the rapid growth of preceptorship programs for nursing students. The value of these programs has been widely acknowledged, but there are disadvantages for the institution and staff. This article identifies several problems with preceptor programs and offers suggestions for preventing and/or solving these problems.