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Biomedical subjects

K E Malten

Publications and source records attributed to K E Malten.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Irritant contact dermatitis. Traumiterative and cumulative impairment by cosmetics, climate, and other daily loads.

Based on the results of exposure experiments on living human skin a working hypothesis is launched concerning the possible pathogenesis of irritant contact dermatitis. Below a certain and critical degree of exposure there is no alteration in clinical aspect of the exposed region. However, instrumentally (watervapour-loss measurements, impedance measurements) it is usually possible to register subclinical effects in such a field. These are interpreted as signs of impairment of metabolic homoiostatic systems. It is possible in certain cases to show that the skin is able to adapt its functions to a repeated load (illustrated with exposure experiments to DMSO). It seems useful to distinguish between a traumiterative irritant contact dermatitis (a result of too early repetition of just one type of load; see Aquabrom experiment) and a cumulative irritant contact dermatitis (resulting from a too early repetition of exposures differing in type; see experiment with soap and detergent solutions). In cumulative irritant contact dermatitis the sequence of the different loading factors is of importance: first soap and then detergent or the reverse.

Climate↗
PubMed1984

Reactions in selected patients to 22 fragrance materials.

182 patients on the basis of 6 criteria were suspected of suffering from contact sensitization to cosmetics. 77 (42%) gave a positive reaction to one or more of a series of 22 fragrance and flavor raw materials. The hands were most often involved. Cinnamic alcohol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, coumarin, and abitol gave the most common positive reactions; less frequent were cinnamic aldehyde, dihydrocoumarin and dimethylcitraconate. Their relevance could not be traced. However, the first 4 substances were the most frequently identified in 79 suspected cosmetics sent in for analysis by the patients or their physicians. The stability of room-stored petrolatum-fragrance mixtures should be checked.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1984

Dermatological problems with synthetic resins and plastics in glues. Part I.

In order to understand the medical implications of using adhesives a few remarks are made concerning forces which may be active in bonding two materials. Knowledge about the exact chemical composition of adhesives is essential for understanding possible untoward dermatological effects which are to be expected if the transition from a viscous to a solid state is based on chemical reactions between chemically active constituents. A number of examples are given about cited or suspected dermatologically untoward effects in using various types of glues and dental composite restorative resins.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1983

Permeability of surgeons' gloves to methyl methacrylate.

The quick passage of methyl methacrylate at 21 degrees C and 35 degrees C through seven surgeon's glove materials in a diffusion chamber was quantified by gas-chromatographic analysis. Polystyrene-butadiene dissolved in methyl methacrylate, latex and polychlorobutadiene showed reversible expansion, during which material from the samples dissolved. In order to prevent these phenomena from interfering with the analyses, experiments were performed with 4.7 M methyl methacrylate in ethanol. Even then, the time in which methyl methacrylate permeated the membrane was too short for sufficient protection. When using these gloves, the orthopaedic surgeon who is fixing endoprostheses is no doubt occlusively exposed to methyl and other methacrylates, benzoyl peroxide, rubber additives, etc. Of glove materials which are not surgically used, vinyl was inferior to latex, whereas a very thin polyethylene copolymer did not change in methyl methacrylate, showed better resistance to diffusion, but was insufficiently elastic and easily perforated. A better protective material is urgently needed.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1983

p-tert.-Butylphenol formaldehyde and other causes of shoe dermatitis.

Because p-tert.-butylphenolformaldehyde-free shoes are unavailable in the Dutch market we had to have shoes made of alternative materials for 13 patients reacting to this resin. These alternative materials consisted of leather samples prepared with various tanning agents, counters (heel stiffeners), stitching yarns, adhesives, etc. The composition of these alternative materials was kept a secret. New shoes were composed of materials to which the patient had shown negative reactions. These shoes are well tolerated. Only one patient reacted to virtually all materials tested. She may have an excited skin syndrome. She will be tested in the near future with the necessary materials applied one by one to find out whether this is true. Up to present we have encountered only a few shoe positive patients who have neither reacted to the resin, nor to a series of alternative adhesives. These patients will be studied in more detail as to the origin of their dermatitis.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1981

Thoughts on irritant contact dermatitis.

An attempt is made to formulate some kind of working hypothesis concerning the pathophysiology, clinical appearance and treatment of irritant contact dermatitis. Acute irritant dermatitis may be caused by one single overwhelming external exposure of comparatively short duration. It is usually accidental and therefore recognized early as cause and effect. Chronic irritant dermatitis may be the result of a too early repetition of one impairing factor (chronic irritant dermatitis "traumiteration' type), but is more commonly the result of the influence of a variety of stimuli, each starting to be active before recovery from the foregoing stimuli has been completed (chronic irritant dermatitis 'summation' type.) By repetition of the same stimulus, or by a combination of varying stimuli, the degree of impairment surpasses a critical level, in consequence of which a clinical disease (irritant contact dermatitis) ensues. This clinical disease, however, is only 'the tip of the iceberg'. Such stimuli may be chemical, mechanical and/or climatic. To find out which are the harmful factors requires a detailed case history about the patient's work, habits and hobbies, thus enabling him to avoid as many damaging exposures as is practical, and hence reducing the sum of causative factors. A number of causative factors are enumerated. The article is intended to be a catalyst to promote discussion on this subject.

Acute Disease↗