Use of methylene blue to treat methemoglobinemia in infancy.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K E Zenk.
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Finding information on the use of drugs fro infants and children is becoming easier with the publication of excellent resources for pediatric and neonatal drug information. Useful pediatric texts and journals are listed. Texts are graded A and B. Category A books would be useful to include in a basic pharmacy library; Category B books are more comprehensive but expensive, or texts that are not as highly recommended as those in Category A. Some of the resources listed include: (1) Pediatrics--Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, Rudolph's Pediatrics, Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment, Manual of Pediatric Therapeutics; (2) Dosage Guides--The Pediatric Drug Handbook, Harriet Lane Handbook, Problems in Pediatric Drug THerapy; (3) Intensive Care--Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care; (4) Infectious Disease--Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, Pocketbook of Pediatric Antimicrobial Therapy; (5) Poisoning--Handbook of Poisoning, Medical Toxicology; (6) Parenteral Nutrition--Manual of Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition; (7) Pregnancy and Lactation--Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation; (8) Compounding--Handbook on Extemporaneous Formulation; (9) IV Administration--Guidelines for Administration of Intravenous Medications to Pediatric Patients; (1) Neonatology--Schaffers Diseases of the Newborn, Neonatology, Basic Management, On-Call Problems, Diseases, Drugs, Drug Therapy in Infants; (11) Pediatric Journals--Pediatrics, Journal of Pediatrics, American Journal of Diseases of Children, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Pediatric Alert, Clinics in Perinatology, Pediatric Clinics of North America, Pediatric Clinical Oncology Journal, and Pediatric Surgery.
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The neonatal drug transport box provides a readily available drug supply in appropriate dilutions for newborns. It also supplies a visible neonatal emergency drug dosage list. The use of this box has demonstrated a saving in nursing time, assured an appropriate supply of all necessary drugs, made drugs readily available for emergency use, and provided dosage check.
Subcutaneous extravasation of parenteral nafcillin sodium can cause deep-tissue necrosis, sometimes necessitating multiple debridements and skin grafting. We report two cases in which nafcillin-induced tissue injury was successfully prevented by prompt clysis of hyaluronidase to the site of infiltration; these patients are compared with an infant in whom hyaluronidase was not used and in whom full-thickness skin loss resulted. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that reduces or prevents tissue injury by causing the rapid diffusion of extravasated fluids through tissues by temporarily destroying tissue cement, thus increasing absorptive surface and the resultant rate of absorption. We have found that hyaluronidase, when used promptly after an extravasation has occurred, is effective in markedly reducing the amount of local tissue damage and destruction caused by the infiltration of nafcillin.
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A Medications and Allergy Profile (MAP) card was created that lists instructions and the patient's individual drug regimen. This card is wallet-size and lists the patient's medications with schedule dosage. it also indicates allergies, usual peak flow, theophylline level and steroid dependence. Twenty-four age-matched asthmatics were asked to name their medications schedule and dosage. They were then assigned either to receive a MAP card or to be controls. There was no significant difference between the MAP card group and the controls in the accuracy of their responses initially but when the questions were repeated an average of 3.2 months later only the MAP group showed a significant improvement in naming medication, dose and schedule (p less than 0.001, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively). The MAP card can improve patients' comprehension of their drug regimen and improves medical communication.