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Biomedical subjects

K Ebeling

Publications and source records attributed to K Ebeling.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Patterns of language learning-related behaviours: evidence for self-help in acquiring grammar.

Four kinds of language learning-related behaviours (LLRBs) were examined in the home conversations of six English children studied for six months from age 2;0 to 2;6. The speech of the children was coded for the number of times they participated in language lessons, language practice, metalanguage and revisions of prior language. All the children were active and frequent producers of LLRBs, with revisions being observed most commonly. Further analysis revealed that the majority of the revisions that the children initiated involved grammatical changes, with the revised utterances tending to be more grammatical than their predecessors. An auditory monitor is proposed as a partial explanation for revision behaviour, and is evaluated relative to other possible accounts of the findings.

Attention↗
PubMed1991

Combined oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone acetate and breast cancer: results of a case-control study.

The main subject of this hospital-based case-control study was the possible relationship between use of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) containing chlormadinone acetate and breast cancer. Analyses were based on data from 490 cases with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 1,223 controls and were separately performed for combined OCs with and without chlormadinone. For either of the combined OCs, risk was not elevated in ever users, did not increase with duration of use and did not change with time since initial exposure or with time since most recent use. However, the relative risk was increased in current users: RR = 1.72 (0.88, 3.36) for combined OCs with chlormadinone and RR = 1.42 (1.01, 2.00) for combined OCs without chlormadinone, which is, however, explained as a screening effect. These results show that chlormadinone as a constituent of combined OCs does not influence breast cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Therapeutic results and toxic side effects of the cytostasan, adriamycin and vincristine combination as second line therapy in metastatic breast cancer].

Remission rates of 30-50% can be obtained using different cytostatic combinations in second line therapy of metastatic breast cancer. The combination of adriamycin and vincristin with cytostasan revealed a remission rate of 50% in 62 CMF-pretreated patients. Considerable toxic side effects led to a dose reduction of cytostasan and adriamycine in 43 patients without clinical efficacy loss. The long remission periods of the total responders (8-23 months) were remarkable. Both, 3 patients with bone +/- soft tissue metastasis and 4 patients with visceral metastasis benefited from a clinical total remission. The remission rates indicated no significant differences between the group of patients with soft tissue +/- bone metastasis (47.3%) and that with a predominantly visceral metastasis (50%). The CyAV-combination with a low dosage provides an effective therapeutical scheme with acceptable side effects for CMF-pretreated patients with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Screening for lung cancer in the middle-aged.

A screening programme for lung diseases has been in operation in the German Democratic Republic for more than 3 decades. The programme is based on biennial chest X-rays (70 x 70 mm posterior-anterior) of the population 40 years of age or over. With respect to lung cancer the results show that, for the population under 60 years of age, the adjusted relative risk of dying from lung cancer among subjects who took part in the last screening round compared with subjects who did not but were screened at least once during the preceding 10-year period was 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.65-1.33).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Use of oral contraceptives in East Germany by middle-aged females].

This study was based on the data from 1214 women included in the controlled group within a hospital-based case-control study on the association between breast cancer and the use of oral contraceptives. This is a sample of middle-aged women. Women with a reason for referral, presumably associated with infertility, were excluded. Oral contraceptives are (apart from coitus interruptus) in 76% of the cases the method of contraception most frequently used, followed by the rhythm method and condoms. The use depends strongly on the age. Only 40% of the women, now 55-60 years of age, ever used oral contraceptives, whereas 91% of those now under 40 have been using them. Other connections can be seen with level of education, marital status, and reproduction and sex life. With the use of special preparations, there are differences between women of younger and older generations, partially based on the different times these preparations were introduced to the market. The exclusive use of sequential oral contraceptives decreases in the older cases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of administration of hormonal contraceptives on prognostic factors in breast cancer].

Up to now, there are only a few and different results from investigations concerning a possible influence of oral contraceptive use on the prognosis of breast cancer. In this study, data from 195 patients with breast cancer showed no significant differences of histologic types, grading and extent or axillary node involvement between oral contraceptive users and nonusers. The frequency of local recurrencies and metastases as well as the disease-free interval and the short-time survival showed also no significant differences. There was a slight but not significant trend in increasing undifferentiated carcinomas after use of oral contraceptives, but the survival rate of these patients was not different from that of non-users.

Berlin↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of breast cancer].

Leading position and further increase in breast cancer incidence in many countries are the most important facts of the descriptive epidemiology of breast cancer. In the GDR breast cancer incidence amounts to 60 per 100,000 per year. There are large differences in the incidence between populations, which support hypotheses about the life style, especially of diet, as a risk factor for breast cancer. Early age at menarche and late menopause, nulliparity and late age at first birth, breast cancer in first-degree relatives, benign breast disease and radiation increase breast cancer risk. Intake of oral contraceptives does not alter the overall risk for breast cancer. However, there are different results concerning the use in young age and before first full term pregnancy. Case-control studies concerning diet are not yet convincing. The results are discussed with respect to beneficial activities in controlling breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Screening for early detection of cancer.

This article presents the general principles of screening for cancer which have rigorously to be judged before programmes can be introduced. As to cervical and breast cancer, there is good evidence that screening can be beneficial. On the other hand, with lung or colorectal cancer screening programmes cannot be recommended as efficient measures to control these diseases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[The usefulness of monthly breast self-examination for the early detection of breast cancer].

At present, the influence of BSE on mortality reduction from breast cancer is not yet clear. Within a larger case-control study in 195 cases and 390 controls, BSE practice, factors influencing BSE-frequency and the impact of BSE on tumor size as well as on the number of positive lymph-nodes have been investigated. 44% of women practised BSE monthly. Factors significantly positively correlated with BSE were older age, higher education, prior breast biopsy, participation in cervical cancer screening and regular physical breast examination. In comparison to non-users, BSE users had a relative risk for breast cancer more than 3 cm in tumor size of 0.65 (0.35-1.21). The relative risk of BSE-users for breast cancer with more than 3 positive lymph-nodes at the time of diagnosis amounted to 0.62 (0.33-1.18).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Microinvasive stage Ia cancer of the uterine cervix--results of a multicenter clinic based analysis].

A retrospective multicentre study to investigate diagnosis, treatment and end results of treatment of cervical cancer stage Ia, was carried out in 6 departments of gynaecological oncology. After reclassification by a reference pathologist, among the 936 cervical cancer cases primarily diagnosed and treated as stage Ia between 1970 and 1980, only 530 (56.6%) met the criteria of microinvasive cancer stage Ia. Misclassifications concerned all participating centres with statistically significant differences amongst them. Overdiagnosis (reference diagnosis only CIN I-III, 42.5%) was more frequent than underdiagnosis (reference diagnosis stage Ib--0.9%). In comparison to 1970-74, in the period 1975-80 a significant increase of cases detected asymptomatically (86.5%) was observed. The percentage of cases primarily diagnosed by cone biopsy, also increased significantly and amounted to 71.2%. Patients with cervical cancer stage Ia were most frequently treated by surgery alone (93.2%). Radiotherapy alone did not play any important role (5.7%). There were only a few cases treated by combined surgery and radiotherapy (5.7%) with a decreasing trend over time. Women under the age of 45 years were significantly more frequently treated by the conservative method (cone biopsy, simple hysterectomy) than older ones, without any significant relation between depth of invasion and radicality of treatment. A total of 19 (14 local, 5 lymph node) recurrences were diagnosed between 9 and 110 months after primary treatment. Local recurrences could be observed more frequently after limited than extended treatment. There was no significant relation between depth of invasion and frequency of recurrences, but the latter were significantly increased in cases with histologically proven invasion of blood or lymph vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗