Comparative action of alkylating agents and related substances in proliferating cell systems.
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Alkylating Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
K Edwards
Publications and source records attributed to K Edwards.
An investigation of DNA-repair phenomena induced by 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB).
The ability of 4CMB to induce repair phenomena has been investigated in 3 types of assay. No significant unscheduled DNA synthesis or repair replication was found, although the compound gave a weakly positive dose-related response in strand-break assays, with 250 microgram/ml producing significant amounts of strand breaks. These data indicate that 4CMB is a weakly genotoxic agent.
Biphenyl Compounds↗
The modified clove hitch: a technique to maintain endotracheal tube position in the intubated patient.
We describe the technique of using a modified clove hitch made of nasal cannula tubing as a means of insuring the position and security of an endotracheal tube in the intubated patient. Our experience indicates that this tie works well in both the prehospital and emergency department settings. We suggest that the modified clove hitch is a valuable adjunct to emergency airway management.
Airway Obstruction↗
Anger of African American women in the south.
In this existential-phenomenological investigation middle-class African American women (n = 9) in the Southern United States were interviewed about their experience of anger in daily life. The purpose of the study was to examine what African American women's anger is about, what it means, and how it is experienced. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a hermeneutic process. The thematic structure of African American women's anger comprises three main elements that stand out as figural: power, control, and respect. These figural elements can be understood only when seen against the ground of a racist Southern culture that produces pervasive mistrust. These findings are of importance to clinicians, who cannot deliver culturally competent interventions to African American female clients without a clear understanding of the complexity and meaning of their anger experience.
Adult↗
Effect of sodium intake on intraerythrocyte sodium concentration in normotensive subjects and patients with untreated mild hypertension.
The effect of changing sodium intake for 2 weeks was studied. Twelve normotensive subjects and five patients with mild essential hypertension were given two different levels of sodium intake for 2 weeks. Overall there was no significant rise in blood pressure but all patients with hypertension had a rise in blood pressure as they went from a low to a high sodium intake. Plasma sodium was not altered but red cell sodium concentration was higher on the high sodium intake. This effect was observed in both normotensive and hypertensive people. Alterations observed in cell sodium concentration provide support for the hypothesis that increased dietary intake of sodium may induce hypertension by causing changes in cellular transport systems.
Adult↗
The crucial importance of good nurse/client communication.
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Communication↗
Skin flaps in plastic surgery: an overview.
Once the exclusive preserve of the plastic surgery unit, skin flaps are now being seen by nurses in a variety of surgical specialties. The author describes what the different kinds of flaps are, then explains the vital observations and interventions nurses must perform to keep the patient's skin flap viable.
Humans↗
What are nurses' views on expanding practice?
In order to explore nurses' views on broadening their scope of practice, a study was undertaken using semistructured interviews. The themes to emerge were training/education, certification, legal aspects, and the conflict between the roles of patient carer and patient advocate. It was concluded that many nurses would be happy to broaden their role. However, some were concerned that nurses may be used as cheap labour and that the role of the nurse was becoming increasingly fragmented.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Developing an orientation program.
When the local area experienced tremendous growth and change, the radiology department at Maury Hospital in Columbia, Tennessee looked seriously at its orientation process in preparation for hiring additional personnel. It was an appropriate time for the department to review its orientation process and to develop a manual to serve as both a tool for supervisors and an ongoing reference for new employees. To gather information for the manual, supervisors were asked to identify information they considered vital for new employees to know concerning the daily operations of the department, its policies and procedures, the organizational structure of the hospital, and hospital and departmental computer systems. That information became the basis of the orientation manual, and provided an introduction to the hospital and radiology department; the structure of the organization; an overview of the radiology department; personnel information; operating procedures and computer systems; and various policies and procedures. With the manual complete, the radiology department concentrated on an orientation process that would meet the needs of supervisors who said they had trouble remembering the many details necessary to teach new employees. A pre-orientation checklist was developed, which contained the many details supervisors must handle between the time an employee is hired and arrives for work. The next step was the creation of a checklist for use by the supervisor during a new employee's first week on the job. A final step in the hospital's orientation program is to have each new employee evaluate the entire orientation process. That information is then used to update and revise the manual.
Hospitals, Community↗
Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia in children.
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been found to be an effective method of pain management for adults. Children are now being considered for self-administration of analgesia. With careful patient selection and preparation, nurses and children find patient-controlled analgesia to be an effective way to maintain comfort in the postoperative period.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled↗
Out of the frying pan?
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Health Facilities↗
Child abuse. Probing the power struggle.
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Child↗
Research methodology: Part II, Essentials of factor analysis.
This article is part two of our four part series on basic statistical analytical methods. Using a case method presentation, the basic essentials of factor analysis is described.
Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
Patient perception of the diskus inhaler: a comparison with the turbuhaler inhaler.
Asthmatic patients who were regular and experienced users of the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) but with no history of powder inhaler use were interviewed by questionnaire. Most (71%) of the 159 adults recruited had suffered from asthma for more than five years; 89% had used an MDI for more than one year. In all, 153 (97%) found their current MDI easy or very easy to handle. Effectiveness in delivering the drug and ease of operation were the two features of the device they were most satisfied with. The two features 'of an ideal inhaler' rated most highly were the presence of a dose counter and ease of use during an attack (58% and 72% of respondents, respectively). Other important features included hygiene, sensation that a dose had been taken, and small size. When attitudes towards the Diskus inhaler and the Turbuhaler inhaler were compared, 108 (68%) would have been quite or very happy to have a Diskus inhaler prescribed for them, and 79 (50%) a Turbuhaler inhaler. The Diskus inhaler scored significantly better than the Turbuhaler inhaler for knowing how many doses were left, the presence of an attached cover, attractiveness (p < 0.001), hygiene, shape, weight (p = 0.001), and perceived ease of use (p = 0.002). The Turbuhaler inhaler scored significantly better in terms of size (p < 0.001). Overall, the Diskus inhaler was preferred by 104 of 159 patients (p < 0.001), with perceived ease of use, the dose counter, and shape cited as the main reasons for preference.
Adolescent↗
Hard of hearing and getting harder!
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Hearing Disorders↗
Advances in meta-analysis as a research method.
Meta-analysis is a method of data analysis applied to summarizing research findings, both quantitative and qualitative summaries of individual studies. Rooted in the fundamental values of the scientific enterprise of replicability, causal and correlational analysis, it is useful for answering three general questions: What is the central tendency or typical study outcome? How much variability exists among study outcomes? What is the explanation of the variability? Advanced statistical and mathematical techniques are being used in counting studies with significant and non-significant findings; in combining effect size estimates based on fixed- or random-effects models; in the use of general linear models; and, Bayesian procedures. The methodology of meta-analysis and suggestions for publications are presented as well as appropriate software programs available for use in the meta-analytic process are explored. The benefits of meta-analysis as a research method in effecting health policy development is offered as a pragmatic perspective for future consideration. Conclusions have implications for the use of meta-analysis as a teaching strategy and as a methodology in nursing research and other applied sciences. In view of the rapid pace of knowledge development and increased public demand for accountability, meta-analysis offers an opportunity for organizing phenomena which gives direction for provision of quality health care.
Humans↗