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Biomedical subjects

K Enomoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Enomoto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Consistent disruption of the AML1 gene occurs within a single intron in the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation.

The AML1 gene on chromosome 21 was rearranged by the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Southern blot analysis of 21 AML patients with t(8;21), including three with complex translocations, t(8;V;21), demonstrated that all the breakpoints occurred at random within a single intron between two coding exons of AML1. Clustering of the breakpoints in the restricted intron suggests the formation of a unique fusion gene between the AML1 gene and a presumable counterpart gene on chromosome 8. Nucleotide sequencing of the breakpoint region revealed that the translocation event was accompanied by deletion of a short stretch of nucleotides.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Relative effect of steroid hormone receptors on the prognosis of patients with operable breast cancer. A univariate and multivariate analysis of 3089 Japanese patients with breast cancer from the Study Group for the Japanese Breast Cancer Society on Hormone Receptors and Prognosis in Breast Cancer.

In a retrospective multicenter study to investigate the correlation between estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone receptors (PgR) in primary breast cancer with patient prognosis, 3118 patients with operable breast cancer (International Union Against Cancer Stages I, II, and III) were investigated from ten hospitals in Japan who underwent surgery from October 1972 to December 1982; 3089 were evaluable. The ER-positive and PgR-positive cancers were found in 56% and 34% of patients, respectively. The positivities decreased as the tumor size increased but were independent on lymph node metastasis. There were no significant differences in relapse-free survival (RFS) in relation to receptor status (median follow-up, 89 months [ER], 84 months [PgR]). However, in patients with four or more positive nodes, those with PgR-positive cancer had a longer RFS. The patients with ER-positive cancer survived significantly longer than ER-negative ones, with the greatest difference seen in those with four or more positive nodes. There was a significantly longer postrelapse survival (PRS) for patients with ER-positive cancer because of the different distribution of the major metastasis and better responses to first-line and subsequent treatments. Cox's multivariate analysis showed that overall survival but not PRS was affected by ER (and more weakly by PgR) because of the longer PRS in patients with ER-positive cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of hyperthermia on intracellular calcium concentration and responses of cancerous mammary cells in culture.

Effects of hyperthermia on the intracellular calcium concentration (Cai) of an established mouse breast cancer cell line, MMT060562, were studied using fura-2 fluorescence microscopy and the whole-cell clamp technique. A sudden change of temperature from 37 to 45 degrees C induced a transient increase in the fluorescence ratio permeability of the cell membrane and inward current. Deletion of extracellular calcium abolished the fluorescence ratio response to the rise in temperature. Cai of some cells increased after hyperthermia treatment at 44-48 degrees C for 20 min, but the average increase of Cai was negligible. After hyperthermia treatment, spontaneous oscillation of Cai, chemical responses to ATP and bradykinin and the mechanically-induced spreading response diminished. However, the mechanically induced increase of Cai within the stimulated cell remained even after hyperthermia treatment. Suppression of the ATP-induced Cai response recovered to about half the original level within 12 h. Blockage of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (100 microM) had no effect on the recovery. The D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-dependent increase of Cai remained intact even after hyperthermia treatment. It is concluded that hyperthermia treatment increases both the permeability of the cell membrane and Cai, but decreases the sensitivity of cells to ATP and bradykinin, presumably due to modification of the signal transduction mechanism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Mechanically induced electrical and intracellular calcium responses in normal and cancerous mammary cells.

Mechanically induced channel activities and increase of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in normal and cancerous murine mammary cells (MMT 060562) were investigated using the patch clamp technique and Fura-2 fluorescence. Both cell types showed similar properties. Upon mechanical stimulation, activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channel or outward membrane current was recorded in cells which were several cells distant from the stimulated cell. Mechanical stimulation also induced an increase of [Ca2+]i in the touched cell, and this increase of [Ca2+]i spread to the surrounding cells. The [Ca2+]i signal travelled a distance of 100-200 microns within 20-40 s and then diminished. The presence of cell-to-cell communication between adjacent mammary cells through gap junction was indicated by injection of lucifer yellow and measurements of electrical coupling (coupling constant = 0.2-0.3). The mechanically induced increase of the [Ca2+]i signal spread to adjacent cells even when the stimulated cell had no physical contact with them. In the absence of fluid movement, the pattern of the spread of the [Ca2+]i signal was a concentric circle. However, in the presence of fluid movement, the pattern changed to elongate to the direction of the flow. These findings suggested that a certain factor was released from the mechanically stimulated cell to the extracellular space, and this factor induces the increase of [Ca2+]i in surrounding cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of toki-shakuyaku-san (Tsumura TJ-23) on electrical activity in neuroblastoma cells and frog neuromuscular junctions.

Toki-shakuyaku-san (Tsumura TJ-23) is a Chinese medicine which has been used for the treatment of gynecological symptoms in aged women. There are several reports on the usefulness of this drug in the treatment of cognitive disorders. We studied the effects of toki-shakuyaku-san on electrical activity in NG108-15 cells, a cell line of differentiated neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells, and on frog neuromuscular transmission. In the hybrid cells, an extract of toki-shakuyaku-san slightly depolarized the membrane potential, and strongly decreased the peak heights of the Na+ and Ca2+ current components of the action potential. The order of potency for NG108-15 cells of the 5 ingredients in toki-shakuyaku-san was soujyutsu >> shakuyaku, takusha, toki, senkyu. In voltage-clamped NG108-15 cells, toki-shakuyaku-san and soujyutsu decreased the Na+, K+, and Ca2+ current components. Toki-shakuyaku-san and soujyutsu also induced an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration. However, toki-shakuyaku-san did not affect neuromuscular transmission in the frog sartorius muscle. The results suggest that the effects of toki-shakuyaku-san on neurons are multiple, and tissue- and species-specific, and its effect derives mainly from soujyutsu.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Prediction of viability of ischemically damaged canine pancreatic grafts by tissue flow rate with machine perfusion.

We studied the viability of canine pancreatic grafts using a short-time perfusion technique with an organ perfusion machine, "ORPH3000C". The following parameters were examined during perfusion of warm ischemically damaged grafts: Amylase, lipase, and insulin levels in the perfusate after 1-hr perfusion showed no significant correlation with warm ischemic time (WIT), and these indices could not be used to assess graft viability. Tissue flow rate (TFR) at the end of perfusion was significantly decreased with prolonged WIT. TFR correlated with the percent decrease in tissue SOD activity, thus TFR was a reliable predictor of reperfusion injury. Histological studies showed no findings attributable to warm ischemic injury before 1-hr perfusion. After 1-hr perfusion, the grafts were allotransplanted and the relation between TFR and endocrine function of the transplanted grafts was examined. TFR correlated with K value calculated from IV-GTT performed on day 5 postoperatively, suggesting that TFR is a predictable index of isolated pancreatic graft viability. Using TFR levels, this method allowed us to select only grafts with good function prior to transplantation. This technique appears to be of use for pancreatic transplantation from cadaver donors after cardiac arrest.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients associated with pregnancy and lactation: analysis of case-control study in Japan.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients associated with pregnancy and lactation were clarified by means of a case-control study of matched non-pregnant and non-lactating patients with breast cancer. From 18 institutions in Japan, a total of 192 subjects with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy (72 cases) and lactation (120 cases) were collected between 1970 and 1988, accounting for 0.76% of all breast cancer patients. The duration of symptoms was longer and tumor size was larger in the study subjects. Although the disease-free interval was longer than that in the control patients, the survival time was shorter. There was no characteristic difference in histologic type. Vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis were found more frequently in the subjects. The positive rates of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were lower in the subjects. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of the study patients were 65% and 55%, respectively, and these survivals were significantly lower than those of the control (P < 0.001). The survival rates were poorer in the subjects, in accordance with stage and lymph node metastasis. The results suggest that most of the patients with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation are in a more advanced stage because of a delay in detection and diagnosis, and hence have unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat early for improvement of prognosis in patients with breast cancer during pregnancy and lactation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Differential changes in expression of gap junction proteins connexin 26 and 32 during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

We examined expressions of the gap junction proteins, connexin 26 (Cx26) and 32 (Cx32), in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. A marked reduction in the number of Cx32-positive gap junctions was observed in 17% of the glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci, whereas 44% of the foci showed increased expression of Cx26. Most hyperplastic nodules exhibited decreased expression of Cx32, whereas 16% of the nodules showed increased expression of Cx26. In hepatocellular carcinomas, expressions of both Cx32 and Cx26 were significantly reduced. These results suggest that the expressions of Cx32 and 26 are differentially regulated during hepatocarcinogenesis, and that the decrease in Cx32 expression occurs earlier, whereas reduction in Cx26 expression occurs later in association with promotion and progression of carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of an improved dot-immunobinding assay for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in nipple discharge in early breast cancer: results of a multicenter study.

We have previously reported carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurement in nipple discharge to be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast cancer. We have now developed a "microdot-immunobinding assay" using a specially constructed device to screen efficiently large numbers of patients with nipple discharge for non-palpable breast cancer. The method is as follows: a sample of nipple discharge is placed on a solid phase monoclonal anti-CEA antibody and, if CEA is present in the discharge, it will be detected by a second monoclonal anti-CEA antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The use of bromochloroindolyl phosphate as a chromogen results in a stable color reaction that can be semiquantitatively analyzed with the naked eye. CEA levels determined by this microdot assay correlated well with those determined using the earlier Elmotec assay. To determine the accuracy of the method, a collaborative study involving 11 institutes in Japan was organized. The CEA levels in nipple discharges from 77 patients undergoing surgery, 44 of whom were diagnosed as having breast cancer, were assayed. The results were that 17 of the 23 patients with palpable breast cancer, and 16 of the 21 patients with non-palpable breast cancer exhibited CEA values > 400 ng/ml, a cut-off value determined in a previous study. The overall accuracy (78%) of this test for diagnosing non-palpable breast cancer was higher than that obtained from ductography or cytology. The system may thus be of use in the screening of early breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of liver tumors using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET: characterization of tumor and assessment of effect of treatment.

To evaluate glucose metabolism in patients with tumors involving the liver, 35 patients with liver lesions had PET using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). FDG (148 MBq) was injected and radioactivity of the tumor was scanned dynamically by PET. The rate constants (k1, k2, k3, k4) of FDG in a metabolic model were calculated. The results were compared to hexokinase activity in the excised tumor specimens. k3 was found to reflect tumor hexokinase activity. When k3 was used as an index (cut-off value: 0.025), it was possible to distinguish benign and malignant tumors. k4 was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma. By using k3 and k4 as indices, one could assess the degree of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. After treatment, k3 decreased according to the effectiveness of therapy and thus may be a useful index for quantitatively assessing tumor viability.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1992

Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with a predominant intraductal component: cooperative clinicopathologic study in seven Japanese centers.

A nationwide multicenter joint study was undertaken to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with a predominant intraductal component, a diagnostic entity proposed in the histologic typing of breast tumors by the World Health Organization in 1981. A total of 368 tumors, of which 218 were studied pathologically between 1983 and 1987 and 150 between 1971 and 1977, were accumulated for the present study from seven medical institutes in Japan. The incidence of such types of tumor was higher in the latter period than in the former, as was that of pure intraductal carcinomas. Seventy of the 368 tumors displayed metastatic nodal involvement and nine tumor deaths were observed from 150 tumors followed up for over 10 years following radical mastectomy, the overall quantity of the extraductal stromal invasion clearly acting on lymph node metastases and patients' outcome. We consider a total stromal invasion of greater than 5 mm to be critical in the prognosis of patients with tumor of this type.

Breast↗
PubMed1992

Development of a mandibular tracking device with six degrees of freedom using optoelectronic system.

The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype handy mandibular tracking device with six degrees of freedom using the optoelectronic kinematic data acquisition system and to evaluate its accuracy. The system consisted of the light-weight sensor part mounted on the mandibular incisor portion and two 2-D PSD cameras positioned in front of the patient. On the sensor part, three light emitting diodes (LEDs) were attached in triangular form. Displacements of the sensor part were detected by two cameras, transformed into electric signals, and sampled by A/D converter in a desktop computer. Since the overall accuracy of this system was about 0.03 mm in the displacement and 0.06 degrees in the rotation angles, this system was proven to be capable for the wide range of clinical application.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of FK506 on segmental pancreas allograft in mongrel dogs].

FK506 is a potent immunosuppressive agent on experimental and clinical organ transplantation. We studied the the effect of this agent on segmental pancreas allograft in mongrel dogs. Graft survival was prolonged significantly with continuous administration of FK506, 0.3mg/kg/day intramuscular and 1.0mg/kg/day orally. However such symptoms as loss of appetite, nausea and extreme emaciation were observed and caused death. While bolus therapy of FK506 (3 days administration with the dose of 1.0mg/kg i.m. from 4 to 6 day postoperatively) showed the same immunosuppressive effect as continuous therapy and less side effect. Furthermore it was suggested that FK506 plasma levels were concerned with the appearance of side effect. In conclusion, the administration of FK506 with plasma level monitoring was thought to be useful on pancreas transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of mediastinal malignant lymphoma with cardiac tamponade treated effectively with chemotherapy].

A 78-year-old man was admitted to the Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital with main symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea. Chest CT revealed a large mediastinal mass shadow, and echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion. Serum LDH was elevated. Therefore, malignant lymphoma was suspected to be the cause of cardiac tamponade. VEPA chemotherapy was commenced. Half way through the course of chemotherapy, serum LDH was decreased, the pericardial effusion had disappeared, and the mediastinal mass was reduced in size. A biopsy specimen of the mediastinal tumor revealed malignant lymphoma of diffuse large cell type, and immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections demonstrated B cell origin. The pericardial effusion had not increased in size after four months, when the patient developed pneumonia and died. Autopsy revealed pericardial and atrial involvement by tumor. In conclusion, this case is very unusual in that (1) pericardial involvement was suspected on admission; (2) the pericardial effusion disappeared with systemic chemotherapy; and (3) cardiac metastasis was demonstrated at autopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Changes in collagen and non-collagen protein metabolisms in rat acute pancreatitis induced by ethionine].

Collagen and non-collagen protein metabolisms in rat acute pancreatitis induced by ethionine were investigated with an incorporation study of 3H-proline to those proteins. Enhanced collagen metabolism, which may provide a basis for parenchymal cells regeneration, was observed in the initial phase of acute pancreatitis. This phenomenon was followed by the increase of non-collagen protein metabolism, and histologically mitosis of pancreatic acinar cell was detected concomitantly. Thereafter the enhancement of collagen metabolism continued to the convalescent phase of acute pancreatitis and this change was thought to be related to the resolution and the elimination of excess of collagenous materials and simultaneous increase of non-collagen protein synthesis, which may result in the maturation of acinar cell, was observed. It was thus assumed that the restoration from acute pancreatitis was initiated by the enhanced collagen metabolism with following parenchymal cell regeneration, and was finished by the maturation of acinar cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[A case of malignant pleural mesothelioma with osseous and cartilaginous formation].

A 85-year-old man was admitted to our unit on November 17, 1989 with bloody sputum and abnormal shadow on chest X-ray film. Chest X-ray and CT on admission showed a large tumor mass approximately 9 cm in diameter in the right middle and lower lung field. Microscopic examination of the needle biopsy specimen from the tumor revealed biphasic malignant pleural mesothelioma. After admission, thoracentesis was performed, because of rapidly increasing right-sided pleural effusion. One of the two trochar catheter was inadvertently inserted in the tumor. Tumor tissue obtained through the catheter showed malignant mesothelioma with osseous and cartilaginous formation. Only isolated reports by Goldstein and Yousem have reported osseous and catilaginous differentiation in malignant mesothelioma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Evantail resection].

Thirty five of out 87 small breast cancer clinically sized 1.0 cm or less in diameter had invasion in surrounding breast tissue beyond 2.0 cm distant from a border of the tumor on histopathological examination: Seven out of twenty four (29 percent) for the defined type, twenty-one out of forty-eight (44 percent) for the poorly defined type, seven of fifty (47 percent) for the intraductal type of breast cancer. Those results lead me to design "Evantail resection" which was a modification of the quadrantectomy a case out of forty-two patients who underwent Eventail resection had a local recurrence at median follow-up time of 22 months ranging 3 months to 68 months. A technique of the Evantail resection was explained in detail in this articles.

Breast Neoplasms↗