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Biomedical subjects

K F Hanssen

Publications and source records attributed to K F Hanssen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effect of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) on pancreatic hormone secretion in normal subjects.

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) is present in the pancreas, mainly in the islets of Langerhans. We studied the effect of iv infused TRH on the plasma levels of pancreatic islet hormones in man, under different experimental conditions: 1) Arginine infusion. 2) Insulin induced hypoglycaemia. 3) Glucose clamp technique (maintainance of normoglycaemia by glucose infusion during insulin infusion). 4) TRH injection. Except for a minor inhibition of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide following hypoglycaemic stimulation in one study, TRH had no significant effect on basal, stimulated or inhibited plasma glucagon, on insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide or blood glucose. It is concluded that iv administration of TRH does not produce significant changes in peripheral plasma levels of pancreatic hormones. Application of techniques, which allow studies closer to the pancreatic islet, is probably necessary to assess the role of TRH in the regulation of endocrine pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and atropine on the gastric motility stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and atropine on the gastric motility after stimulation by insulin-induced hypoglycemia were studied by the intragastric balloon technique. Four healthy young men were examined in two different ways on different days. In one experiment the effect of 50 micrograms TRH, 500 micrograms atropine, and 10 micrograms TRH, all intravenously injected, and in the other 500 micrograms atropine and 50 micrograms TRH were analyzed in this specific sequence. In two subjects the effect of intravenously injected TRH, 200 micrograms, and atropine, 500 micrograms, on the carbacholine-stimulated gastric motility was tested. The hypoglycemic stimulation of the gastric motility was immediately and completely blocked for a period of 9.3 +/- 0.7 min after 50 micrograms TRH and for 3.4 +/- 0.1 min after 10 micrograms TRH. The intragastric basal pressure was immediately reduced in all after TRH injection (-2.5 +/- 0.48 cm H2O pressure). Atropine had no significant effect on the gastric motility after hypoglycemic stimulation. The inhibiting effect of TRH on the carbacholine-stimulated gastric motility was similar to the effect of TRH on the hypoglycemia-stimulated gastric motility. These results demonstrate that TRH effectively inhibits the atropine-resistant stimulation of the gastric motility after insulin-induced hypoglycemia and also has potent relaxing effects on the muscular tonus of the gastric wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on gastric acid secretion in man.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been shown to have a dose-dependent inhibiting effect on the pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man. We studied the effect of increasing doses of TRH on the gastric acid secretion stimulated by a submaximal histamine dose. The effect of a relatively high dose of TRH (500 micrograms/h) on the maximal histamine-stimulated acid secretion was examined. Furthermore, we studied the effect of two doses of TRH (40 micrograms/h and 500 micrograms/h) on the gastric acid output after insulin-induced hypoglycemia. A significant reduction of the submaximal histamine-stimulated gastric acid output was observed during infusion of 8 micrograms/h TRH (16%), 40 micrograms/h TRH (38%), and 200 micrograms/h TRH (42%) (percentage reduction compared with the control experiment). TRH, 1000 micrograms/h, had no significant effect. With regard to the acid output after maximal histamine stimulation, TRH 500 micrograms/h was without significant effect. After hypoglycemia the acid output was reduced by 30% during 40 micrograms/h TRH (p less than 0.05) and by 37% during 500 micrograms/h TRH (p less than 0.02). TRH had no effect on the acid concentration in any of the studies. The possible mechanisms by which TRH may interact with the acid regulation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of different kinds of fibre on postprandial blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetics.

Dietary fibre may retard glucose absorption in normal and diabetic subjects. It is, however, unclear which type of fibre would be most suitable for this purpose. We therefore studied whether pectin differs from fibre from barley (85%) and citrus (15%) (Dumovital) in its effect on postprandial blood glucose responses. Eight insulin-dependent diabetics fasted overnight and were then given a meal without their morning insulin. The basic meal, composed of 90 g white bread and 120 g jam (total carbohydrate 105 g), was given three times: alone, with 15 g pectin and with 15 g Dumovital fibre. Blood glucose was measured for three hours. The tests showed that pectin administration considerably inhibited the postprandial rise in blood glucose, while Dumovital showed no such effect. Barley/citrus fibre (a mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin) has not the same inhibiting effect on postprandial rise in blood glucose as pure pectin in insulin-dependent diabetics. Thus, the specific type of fibre must be considered when prescribing dietary fibre to diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Sucrose and sorbitol as sweeteners in the diet of insulin-dependent diabetics.

Blood glucose levels following breakfast meals containing sorbitol or sucrose as sweeteners were investigated. Nine insulin-treated diabetics received two test meals after an overnight fast. The meals were composed of 90 g white bread, 9 g butter and 100 g strawberry jam which on one occasion contained 18 g sorbitol as sweetener and on another 18 g sucrose. Blood glucose was measured for three hours following the meal. The test meal sweetened with sucrose showed a slightly faster postprandial rise in blood glucose than the sorbitol-sweetened meal, but this difference is not statistically significant at any point of the curves. Taking into consideration that sorbitol has a sweetening effect of only 60% of that of sucrose, we conclude that neither sucrose nor sorbitol are acceptable sweeteners for insulin-dependent diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effect of exercise on diabetic control and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) in children.

14 children with juvenile diabetes mellitus (mean age 11 years, mean diabetes duration 5 years) were enrolled in a one-hour twice weekly supervised exercise program for 5 months. A group of 8 diabetic children of same age and diabetic duration served as control group. Maximum oxygen uptake was within normal range for all children. With this exercise program the maximum oxygen uptake of the training group did not change significantly compared with the control group. The physicians rating of degree of the metabolic control based on blood-glucose measurements and urinary glucose excretion did not change in any of the groups. The insulin dosage per kilo body weight remained unchanged in both groups. In the training group the HbA1 values decreased during the exercise period from 15.1 +/- 2.2 (mean HbA1 % +/- 1 S.D.) to 13.8 +/- 1.9 (2p less than 0.001). In the control group the HbA1 values did not change significantly (13.4 +/- 1.9 to 12.9 +/- 1.6; 2p = 0.20). In a co-study the effect of freezing and storage of hemolysates, resulting in increased levels of HbA1, was demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Plasma glucose and insulin responses to orally administered carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs.

Healthy individuals were given different carbohydrate-rich test meals (each with an energy content of 300 kcal) after a standardization period. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured during the tests. When compared with an ordinary oral glucose load, potato had a post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin response not statistically different from the glucose load, the bread group had a weaker and slower response than the potato group, and rice had a response between the two other groups. Gastric emptying, the availability of the starch for digestion and differences in the carbohydrate content are discussed as possible explanations for these differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Increased plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in diabetic ketoacidosis; normalization following treatment.

As both hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia may modify plasma levels pancreatic polypeptide (PP), we measured plasma PP by a homologous radioimmunoassay in seven diabetics who were admitted to the hospital in overt diabetic ketoacidosis (initial blood glucose 27.1-55.0 mmol/l). None had circulating PP-antibodies. All were treated with continuous infusion of insulin and fluids. Before starting treatment, plasma PP ranged from 2585-136 mmol/l (mean 629 pmol/l). Following treatment plasma PP decreased gradually in all patients. The following morning mean plasma PP was 242 pmol/l, 67 pmol/l when one ureamic patient was excluded. The normal value is less than 100 pmol/l. This study shows that plasma PP is clearly elevated in diabetic ketoacidosis and decreases following treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone inhibits the pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in man. A dose response study.

Actions of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) have generally been confined to the central nervous system (CNS). We have studied the effect of increasing doses of TRH i.v. (8, 40, 200 and 1000 microgram/h) on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in ten normal individuals. All doses caused stepwise inhibition of gastric juice (volume), acid and pepsin output. When employing the largest dose of i.v. TRH (1000 microgram/h) the inhibition was 44% for gastric volume, 51% for acid output and 57% for pepsin output. This study shows that TRH inhibits gastric secretion, and indicates that TRH has actions outside the CNS in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone levels following thyreotropin releasing hormone stimulation in preeclamptic patients.

Serum prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured following administration of thyreotropin releasing hormone (THR) in 17 preeclamptic patients and 18 normal pregnant controls. From the 31st to the 35th pregnancy week the preeclamptic patients showed increased basal serum prolactin and TSH levels compared to controls, but later in pregnancy the differences disappeared. Following TRH stimulation, the serum prolactin and TSH responses were similar in women with and without preeclampsia. A possible role of prolactin in the development of preeclampsia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Actions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the gastrointestinal function in man. II. Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion.

The pentagastrin-stimulated gastric volume and acid output were measured with and without an i.v. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) infusion (666 microgram/h). TRH inhibited the pentagastrin (6 microgram/kg s.c.) stimulated volume to 67.5 +/- 8.4% (p less than 0.01) and the acid output to 65 +/- 8.4% of control infusion values (mean +/- S.E.M.). It is concluded that TRH inhibits the pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in man.

Adult↗