Surgical correction of submucous cleft palate with Furlow palatoplasty.
Many surgeons have favored using the pharyngeal flap as the primary treatment for the velopharyngeal insufficiency associated with submucous cleft palate. However, the increasing number of reports of sleep apnea and airway compromise as a result pharyngeal flap surgery support the need to eliminate any unnecessary pharyngeal flap surgery. From 1988 to 1993, 35 Chinese submucous cleft palate patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency received surgery. A Furlow palatoplasty was used in 30 patients (3 to 26 years old). The follow-up duration was 9 months to 5 1/2 years. These patients were selected after a thorough study for velopharyngeal insufficiency including intraoral examination, perceptual speech assessment, videonasopharyngoscopy, and/or multiview videofluoroscopy. The criteria for selection included age, intraoral finding of an obviously anterior inserted levator palatine muscle, size of velopharyngeal gap, pattern of velopharyngeal closure, degree of lateral pharyngeal wall movement, and response to biofeedback speech therapy. In general, younger patients with circular or sagittal pattern closure, a velopharyngeal gap less than 5 mm, or good response to biofeedback speech therapy were considered to be the best candidates for a Furlow palatoplasty. The 5 patients who did not fulfill these criteria and whose velopharyngeal function failed to improve on preoperative biofeedback therapy were treated by pharyngeal flap operation. Twenty-nine patients (96.7 percent) achieved competent velopharyngeal function after the Furlow palatoplasty. The procedure corrected the velopharyngeal insufficiency in 3 patients older than 20 years with a velopharyngeal gap of less than 2 mm. The only patient with an unsatisfactory result was a 26-year old woman who had very prominent action of the musculus uvulae before the surgery. The results show that a Furlow palatoplasty can satisfactorily correct velopharyngeal insufficiency in carefully selected submucous cleft palate patients and thus avoid the serious complications of pharyngeal flap surgery.