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Biomedical subjects

K F Shepard

Publications and source records attributed to K F Shepard.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Relationship between verbal command volume and magnitude of muscle contraction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesized correlation between volume of a verbal command and magnitude of a resulting voluntary isometric muscular contraction, using a withdrawal-reinstatement (ABAB) research design. Nineteen volunteer male subjects between the ages of 18 and 30 years performed isometric contractions of the triceps brachii muscles in response to prerecorded verbal commands. With a volume increase of 22 decibels A scale, subjects averaged an 8 percent increase in muscle contraction strength, a difference that was significant at the .05 level. Through an awareness and use of the effects of voice volume on muscular contraction, the therapist may be able to improve the accuracy and consistency of examination methods, and increase the efficacy and efficiency of therapeutic procedures.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Factors related to job turnover in physical therapy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of personal and work-related factors in relation to job turnover in the physical therapy profession. A survey questionnaire was mailed to a nationwide sample of 820 physical therapists, and 567 responses (69%) were used in the data analyses. The two most important reasons for leaving a job were "desire to pursue a different area of physical therapy" and "insufficient salary to meet financial needs." Significant differences were found in the relative importance of job-turnover factors when the sample was stratified according to physical therapy education level, percentage of time in direct patient care, years in the physical therapy profession, and sex. A careful look at the factors contributing to job turnover will help physical therapy administrators retain staff members.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

Factors influencing high school students' knowledge of physical therapy.

A questionnaire in a closed-question format was used to survey 403 California high school students' accuracy of knowledge and available sources of information about physical therapy. Most students had some knowledge of physical therapy. The most recognized physical role was "instructing a patient in exercises" (83%). Very few students, however, were familiar with the role "provides wound care" (16%). A relatively common misconception was the belief that a physical therapist "prescribes medication" (24%). Very few significant differences in the recognition of individual tasks were found between junior and senior, male and female, urban and rural, or health career and nonhealth career oriented students. Health career students were more knowledgeable about physical therapy than any other group. The category of personal contacts was cited by the most students as their source of information (61%), and television (in the media category) was the most frequently cited single source (35%). Other studies have established that many high school students are making career decisions. This study of high school students' knowledge of physical therapy may assist in identifying career information useful to students and in stimulating a viable pool of applicants for physical therapy programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Research in physical therapy: philosophy, barriers to involvement, and use among California physical therapists.

This study was designed to 1) determine the importance of research in physical therapy to professional physical therapists; 2) assess the factors impeding their involvement in research; and 3) examine the extent to which therapists use published research. The study was conducted in two parts, a series of personal interviews and a questionnaire developed from the results of the interviews. The sample for the interviews was drawn from the population of Santa Clara County, California, and the questionnaires were mailed to a random distribution of 300 physical therapists throughout the State of California. Lack of time and funding as well as unfamiliarity with both the research process and the use of statistics were cited as the main barriers to research involvement. Collaboration with other health professionals involved in research and an apprenticeships were listed as desirable methods to gain additional research skills; however, these were believed to largely unavailable. A large percentage of therapists used research information published in professional journals other than PHYSICAL THERAPY.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Use of small group interviews for selection into allied health educational programs.

This article assesses the utility of small group interviews comprised of two or more interviewers and two or more interviewees as a selection tool for entrance into allied health educational programs. The article also suggests reasons for lack of predictive utility of the traditional admissions interview, examines data on decision-making processes in small group selection interviews, and makes specific recommendations on the use of small group selection interviews in allied health education programs.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Salary and status differences between male and female physical therapists.

The purpose of this study was to compare employment profiles of men and women employed as physical therapists. A survey on salary and on demographic and professional characteristics was mailed to 500 male and 500 female physical therapists throughout the United States, and 658 (65.8%) were used in the data analysis. Several striking differences between the employment profiles of male and female physical therapists were identified, including: 1) men were more likely to be self-employed, 2) men were more likely to hold supervisory positions, and 3) men tended to have significantly higher incomes even when compared to women with similar employment characteristics. The salary and status differences between men and women in physical therapy approximate those found in other occupations in which women are in the majority. The findings of this study constitute strong evidence that sex discrimination exists in the physical therapy profession.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Considerations for curriculum design.

Educational values held by academic and clinical faculties subtly but strongly influence curriculum design in physical therapy education. Five major value orientations, Curriculum as the Development of Cognitive processes, Curriculum as Technology, Curriculum as Self-Actualization, Curriculum as Social Reconstruction-Relevance, and Curriculum as Academic Rationalism, are presented. The suggestion is made that these underlying value-orientations influence the choice of curriculum design more than do "available resources." A second component of curriculum design, i.e., evaluation of student performance, also influences and is influenced by the direction and development of physical therapy curricula. A plea is made for expressive objectives and outcome objectives to be considered along with instructional or behavioral objectives to yield more comprehensive and creative appraisals of student growth.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1977

The family in physical therapy.

Family Focus is a training program implemented by the Division of Physical Therapy at Stanford University in cooperation with the Mental Research Institute of Palo Alto, California. Through this program, inpatients at the Stanford University Hospital and their families have the opportunity to live in a modular home on the hospital grounds prior to discharge and receive training in the activities they will need to carry out at home. Psychologists consult with the physical therapists on ways to help the family cope with stressful situations. The advantages of including the entire family in health care planning and treatment are described and suggestions are made for applying the principles in any physical therapy setting.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Family focus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

T-cell adherence to lacrimal gland: the event responsible for IgA plasma cell predominance in lacrimal gland.

The majority of immunoglobulin in tears in various species is of the IgA isotype and is produced mainly by plasma cells of the lacrimal gland. The mechanism responsible for lodging of IgA committed cells in lacrimal gland is unknown, but could occur as a result of retained T helper cells in the lacrimal gland. The present experiments use an in-vitro adherence assay to examine the interaction of various murine lymphocyte populations with frozen sections of mouse lacrimal gland. Splenic and Peyer's Patch lymphocytes, as well as T-cell enriched and T-cell depleted lymphocyte populations were incubated with thin sections of lacrimal gland. Adherent lymphocytes were counted in randomly selected fields for each experiment. Each lymphocyte population was tested at least three times. It was found that more Peyer's Patch cells adhered to lacrimal gland than did spleen cells, and this increase was due to T-cells. The T-cell population responsible for adherence was localized to the helper T-cell population which appeared greater with Peyer's Patch T helper cells than splenic T helper cells. The data suggest that a lacrimal gland-T-cell interaction could retard the migration of a subpopulation of T helper cells as they migrate through the lacrimal gland. It is speculated that such T helper cells could be responsible for the terminal differentiation of IgA B cells to plasma cells, thus explaining the predominance of IgA plasma cells in the lacrimal gland.

Animals↗