Biomedical subjects

K Failing

Publications and source records attributed to K Failing.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Serum antibodies against particular antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and their potential in the diagnosis of canine Lyme borreliosis.

Dog sera (n = 118) were tested for antibodies recognizing Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu stricto strain B31 (ATCC 35210) antigens. In total, 18 of the dog sera gave positive results in a whole cell sonicate ELISA (WCS ELISA). These positive sera were further evaluated by immunoblot assay, utilizing a whole bacterial lysate as antigens. 94.4% (17 of 18) of the dog sera reacted with immunodominant antigens at 20-22 kDa (protein C, pC), 31 kDa (outer surface protein A, OspA), 34 kDa (outer surface protein B, OspB), 41 kDa (flagellin), 60 kDa ("common antigen"), and/or 100 kDa (presumably p100). Sera recognizing pC (20-22 kDa) and antigens > 94 kDa always detected the highest number of antigen bands, indicating the specificity of those antigens in serological diagnosis. The results clearly demonstrate that the WCS ELISA is a useful tool for testing sera of dogs for antibodies against B. burgdorferi. However, positive results should be confirmed by immunoblot, using WCS as antigen. According to the presented data, we recommend criteria for B. burgdorferi immunoblots using dog sera as follows: sera have to be considered as positive if they detect the 41 kDa flagellin, and two of the 5 immunodominant antigens, namely > 94 kDa (presumably p100), 60 kDa ("common antigen"), 34 kDa and 29-31 kDa (OspB and OspA, respectively) and 20-22 kDa (pC). If sera only recognize the 41 kDa flagellin, this result is equivocal, requiring testing a second serum sample 4 to 8 weeks later.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Chlororganic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast tissue of women with benign and malignant breast disease.

Persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons assimilated through the diet may, as a result of their carcinogenic, immunotoxic, and, at least in regard to certain of these substances, estrogenic properties, play a role in the etiology of human breast cancer. As a consequence, increased concentrations of these ubiquitous environmental contaminants may be found in breast tissue of women suffering from malignant breast disease. To examine this possibility, surgically removed breast tissue samples from 65 women in Hesse, Germany were examined by capillary gas chromatography for p, p'-dichloro(diphenyl)trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), p, p'-dichloro(diphenyl)-dichloroethane (p,p'-DDD), p, p'-dichloro(diphenyl)dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzine (HCB), alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) as well as the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) no. 28, 31, 49, 52, 101, 105, 118, 138, 153, 156, 170, and 180. Of the 65 patients, 45 were diagnosed with breast cancer. The control group of 20 women suffered from benign breast disease such as mastopathy. After statistical adjustment for age differences, higher concentrations of p,p'-DDT, p, p'-DDE, HCB as well as PCB-congeners no. 118, 138, 153, and 180 were detected in tissue from women with breast cancer than in tissue from control persons. These differences were weakly significant for p, p'-DDE (p = 0.017), for PCB 118 (p = 0.042) and for PCB no. 153 barely not significant (p = 0.083). On an average, a 62% higher concentration of p,p'-DDE was found in cancer tissue (cancer patients: 805 microg/kg fat; controls: 496 microg/kg fat) and 25% higher concentration of PCB no. 118 (81 microg/kg fat; 65 microg/kg fat). The concentrations of beta-HCH, PCB no. 156 and 170 were lower (not significant) in cancer tissue than in tissue from women with benign disease. PCB-congeners no. 105 and 149 as well as gamma-HCH could only be detected in individual tissue samples; congeners no. 28, 31, 49, 52, and 101 as well as alpha-HCH and p,p'-DDD were not detected in any of the samples. To rule out the possibility that the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons measured were influenced by the surgical procedure, 20 samples of tissue that were at a distance (minimum 1 cm and maximum 3 cm) from the tumor, tissue that was in direct proximity to the tumor (no more than 5 mm from the tumor), and tumor tissue itself (center of tumor) were separately prepared and analyzed. The average concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons varied to differing degrees and only minimally in tumor and surrounding breast tissue, indicating that the surgical procedure did not influence the results.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Species and organ dependence of PCB contamination in fish, foxes, roe deer, and humans.

According to previous experimental results, PCBs are deposited in muscle fat in animals and in humans, although they also reach the brain, the liver, and the lungs. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of the so-called "indicator PCBs" (PCB nos. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180), as described by the German ordinance for maximum concentrations of contaminants in foodstuffs, in muscle tissue, liver, and brain of four different species: fish, fox, roe deer, and humans, all exposed to PCBs directly in their environment. Potential target organs for the accumulation of these congeners were also to be identified. Furthermore, the organs or tissues were to be identified in which PCBs are accumulated, and unusual patterns of accumulation or breakdown of particular PCBs, for example the "dioxin-like PCBs" (coplanar PCBs) determined. For humans, the lungs were also included in these studies. Statistical comparison of PCB concentrations in samples from wild animals and humans showed that in spite of its relatively high fat concentration, brain tissue in all of the species examined (with the exception of fish) appeared to be better protected against accumulation of PCB than liver or muscle tissue. This protection may be the result of the blood-brain barrier, as witnessed by the relatively uniform concentration of PCBs throughout the various organs of fish, since the blood-brain barrier of fish is considerably less efficient than that of mammals. No peculiarities were found in regard to distribution of the coplanar PCBs over the other congeners in this study. This applies to the brain and other organs or tissues of the four species that were examined. Accumulations of PCBs and coplanar PCBs in the liver were only found in fox and roe deer. In contrast, humans were found to have accumulations of the high-chlorinated biphenyls studied here as well as PCB no. 118 in muscle tissue fat and not in the liver. Unexpectedly, low-chlorinated biphenyls were found to accumulate in the human lung. The results of this study show that the lung represents a target organ for the accumulation of potentially metabolically activated low-chlorinated biphenyls, indicating that the possible biological effects of PCBs on the lungs will need to receive more attention in the future.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1998

Renal phosphate excretion in goats.

It was the aim of these experiments to characterize further the role of salivary glands and kidneys in phosphate (Pi) homeostasis of small ruminants. Renal clearance experiments were performed in five female, non-pregnant adult goats during infusions of physiological NaCl or isotonic phosphate solution. Basal plasma Pi concentrations of 1.6 +/- 0.3 mM (NaCl infusion) were associated with a renal resorption of the filtered Pi by 98.5-99.3% and Pi was excreted in the urine at a rate of 1.2-2.8 mumol/min. Elevating the plasma Pi levels up to 7.2 +/- 1.7 mM resulted in significant increases of Pi excretion. The mean plasma threshold for renal Pi excretion of these animals was high (4.3 +/- 1.0 mM) and thus substantially higher than the physiological range of plasma Pi. The maximal tubular resorption rate for Pi in goats was found to be higher than the respective values in monogastric animals. In relation to the enhanced Pi concentrations in plasma the salivary Pi concentrations increased simultaneously and reached a maximum level of about 66.3 mM at plasma levels between 4-6 mM. Indications for hormonal regulation mechanisms via parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol could not be detected during the infusion periods.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

A method for measuring capillary bleeding time in non-anaesthetized dogs: prolongation of the bleeding time by acetylsalicylic acid.

A reproducible standardized method for measuring capillary bleeding time (CBT) in dogs is presented. The skin was punctured at the toe from a forelimb of non-anaesthetized dogs parallel to the edge of the horny skin of the pad. Before the procedure, a cuff of a sphygmometer was placed above the antibrachium and a hyperaemie agent was applied to the shaved area. The normal CBT in non-anaesthetized dogs was 2.25 +/- 0.76 min (x +/- SD). After injection of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (20 mg/kg body weight), CBT was prolonged up to 25 min. Platelet aggregation in response to 10 micrograms collagen/ml was decreased in parallel after treatment with ASA.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

The use of Baypamun N in crowding-associated infectious respiratory disease: efficacy of Baypamun N (freeze dried product) in 2-week-old veal calves.

The efficacy of an immunomodulator, Baypamun N, was tested in 10-20-day-old veal calves from different farms, which were exposed to stress by transport and commingling (crowding). Verum and placebo animals (n = 50, each group) received three intramuscular injections of the investigational products (days 0, 2, 4) starting the day of arrival on the farm. Data from 49 calves in each group could be used for statistical evaluation. The incidence of acute bovine respiratory disease was anticipated to be high during the first 2 weeks after arrival on farm based on experience from other years. The clinical scores in the Baypamun N group were significantly reduced by 52.7% (P < 0.001) compared to the placebo group. The number of antibiotic treatments was significantly reduced by 53.8% (P < 0.001) in the Baypamun N group. Of the calves treated with Baypamun N, 51.02% remained untreated with antibiotics during the first 2 weeks after arrival on the farm compared with only 16.3% of the placebo treated control calves (P < 0.001).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1997

The use of Baypamun N in crowding associated infectious respiratory disease: efficacy of Baypamun N (freeze dried product) in 4-10 month old horses.

The efficacy of an immunomodulator, Baypamun N, was tested in 4-10-month-old horses which were exposed to stress by weaning, transport and commingling with yearlings from different breeders (crowding). Verum (n = 26) and placebo animals (n = 27) received three intramuscular injections of the investigational preparations (days 0, 2, 9) starting at the day of commingling in one stable. The incidence of acute respiratory disease was high during the first 4 weeks after commingling. Approximately 50% of all horses showed seroconversion due to field infection by EHV1 and EHV4 during the observation period. The clinical scores in the Baypamun N group were significantly reduced by 40.3% (P < 0.05) compared to the placebo group. The proportion of horses with purulent nasal discharge during the observation period (4 weeks) was also significantly reduced by 58.7% (P < 0.01) in the Baypamun N group. Fifty per cent of the horses injected with Baypamun N showed no purulent nasal discharge and therefore no signs of complicated disease of the upper respiratory airways in contrast to only 14.8% in the non-protected placebo group. The challenge conditions studied in this investigation were rather severe because of the permanent exposure of Baypamun N treated individuals to the non-separated and untreated horses (n = 51). This indicates that treatment with Baypamun N is a successful tool to avoid severe clinical consequences of stress in young horses.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

Characterization of the proliferation state in canine mammary tumors by the standardized AgNOR method with postfixation and immunohistologic detection of Ki-67 and PCNA.

Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 96 surgically removed mammary tumors from female dogs were analyzed for their proliferation state using three different methods. The AgNOR method, originally developed by Ploton and coworkers in 1986, modified and standardized by the AgNOR committee, is an easy, inexpensive silver-staining procedure used to determine cell proliferation and prognosis of various tumors. Due to the standardized staining protocol of the AgNOR method and a postfixation step, results obtained were of excellent quality for image-analysis processing. The growth fraction was evaluated by counting of immunohistologically positive-stained cells for Ki-67 or proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The values determined were, in general, lower with Ki-67 (MIB1) than with PCNA (PC10). Nevertheless, the labeling indices of these antigens correlated significantly (P < 0.001). Though the differences of the means between the tumor groups according to the classification system of the World Health Organization were significant for all three investigated methods (P < 0.001), there was a considerable overlap between the tumor groups concerning all investigated parameters. An exploratory data analysis (multivariate analysis) as performed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of the three methods including further anamnestic, clinical, gross, and histopathologic variables. Besides the histopathologic diagnosis (survival P < 0.001; survival time P < 0.05; reappearance of tumor growth P < 0.05), only the PCNA-labeling index (time until reappearance of tumor growth P < 0.001) was of prognostic significance.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1997

[Federal investigations on the distribution and in vitro resistance of udder pathogenic bacteria in the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis].

1644 quarter milk samples of 948 dairy cows with subclinical mastitis, collected from 63 veterinary practices all over Germany origined by 262 livestocks with problems in udder health were examined semiquantitatively by "Aulendorfer Mastitistest" for cell count and additionally bacteriologically. Potentially udder pathogenic bacteria were tested for in vitro-sensitivity to penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, cefacetril, tylosin, neomycin, gentamicin, polymyxin B and enrofloxacin. 24.5% of all tested milk samples were bacteriologically negative. In 35.3% of the bacteriological positive milk samples Staphylococcus (S) aureus was detected. Enterococci, Streptococcus (Sc.) uberis, Sc. dysgalactiae and Sc. agalactiae were found in 8.9%, 8.2%, 8.1% and 4.9% of all positive milk samples, respectively. G-streptococci were found only occasionally. Apathogenic bacteria like coagulase-negative staphylococci, micrococci, aerobic bacilli and coryneforms were detected in 45.0% of all positive milk samples. Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp. and other coliforms) were isolated in 3.3% of all cases and should be considered as insignificant for the subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Germany. Against S. aureus cefacetril and oxacillin were mostly effective in vitro, whereas penicillin G was ineffective because 40% of these bacteria are penicillinase-positive. Streptococci and enterococci were mostly sensitive to cefacetril, oxacillin, penicillin G and ampicillin. Concerning the distribution of bacteria regional differences were recognized. Regional differences concerning in vitro-sensitivity were negligible. The results are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Examination of a novel wax teat bougie for treatment of wounds in the papillary lactiferous sinus of dairy cows with special regard to endoscopic documentation of mucosal reactions compared with conventional teat bougies and a teat cannula].

The present study on a novel wax-teat bougie, developed by Dr. T. GEISHAUSER for treatment of wounds in the papillary lactiferous sinus of dairy cows, has been performed in two phases of investigation. In a first step, fourteen healthy dairy cows (Deutsch Schwarzbunt) in state of early lactation were dried off temporarily for five days, after checking milk samples of all quarters for six following-on days on their bacteriological status, number of somatic cells, conductivity and results of the California-Mastitis-Test (CMT). The drying off was performed on two Quarters with similar cell-count in milk samples each. In one teat of the selected pairs off udder quarters, the wax-bougie was applied (group I), the other corresponding udder quarters were used as a control (group II). After five days of drying off, lactation was started again after removing the bougies in treated quarters. For another five days milk samples out of the quarters in groups I and II were checked in the laboratory tests named above and mean values and increase differences of results were compared. Comparison of increase differences with t-test showed no statistically significant difference between drying off procedures with the wax-bougie and without any treatment in the parameters named above. Courses of counts of somatic cells, conductivity and CMT showed no significant differences between drying off probands by using the novel wax-bougie and drying off without further treatment. In the second phase of the study, fifteen lactating, healthy dairy cows as probands have been split in five groups. Three cows (twelve udder quarters) were dried off for five days by using the novel teat bougie (group D), in three groups (A,B,C) two different types of conventional teat bougies and one type of cannula were used, and, as a control three cows (group E) were dried off without any treatment. Before drying off the udder quarters and after starting lactation again, the condition of the mucosa in the teat papillary lactiferous sinus has been documented by means of endoscopy and the bacteriological status of milk samples has been determined. As a result all udder quarters dried off temporarily showed endoscopically detectable inflammatory-proliferating reactions in the mucosa of the papillary lactiferous sinus, whereas in cows treated with the novel wax-bougie (group D), as well as in the cows of the control group (E), there were no inflammatory reactions detectable at all. These different reactions, basing on the Fisher-test, have to be considered statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Studies on associations of glycolytic and glutaminolytic enzymes in MCF-7 cells: role of P36.

Isoelectric focusing of MCF-7 cell extracts revealed an association of the glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase. This complex between the glycolytic enzymes is sensitive to RNase. p36 could not be detected within this association of glycolytic enzymes; however an association of p36 with a specific form of malate dehydrogenase was found. In MCF-7 cells three forms of malate dehydrogenase can be detected by isoelectric focusing: the mitochondrial form with an isoelectric point between 8.9 and 9.5, the cytosolic form with pl 5.0, and a p36-associated form with pl 7.8. The mitochondrial form comprises the mature mitochondrial isoenzyme (pl 9.5) and its precursor form (pl 8.9). Refocusing of the pl 7.8 form of malate dehydrogenase also gave rise to the mitochondrial isoenzyme. Thus, the pl 7.8 form of malate dehydrogenase is actually the mitochondrial isoenzyme retained in the cytosol by the association with p36. Addition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to the initial focusing column induced a quantitative shift of the pl 7.8 form of malate dehydrogenase to the mitochondrial forms (pl 8.9 and 9.5). In MCF-7 cells p36 is not phosphorylated in tyrosine. Kinetic measurements revealed that the pl 7.8 form of malate dehydrogenase has the lowest affinity for NADH. Compared to both mitochondrial forms the cytosolic isoenzyme has a high capacity when measured in the NAD --> NADH direction (malate --> oxaloacetate direction). The association of p36 with the mitochondrial isoenzyme may favor the flow of hydrogen from the cytosol into the mitochondria. Inhibition of cell proliferation by AMP which leads to an inhibition of glycolysis has no effect on complex formation by glycolytic and glutaminolytic enzymes in MCF-7 cells. AMP treatment leads to an activation of malate dehydrogenase, which correlates with the increase of pyruvate and the decrease of lactate levels, but has no effect on the distribution of the various malate dehydrogenase forms.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗

PubMed1996

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis for detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs. The impact of serum absorption with homologous and heterologous bacteriae.

Sera from 665 apparently healthy dogs were examined for antibodies to the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi by using an ELISA with a whole cell sonicate of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto reference strain B31 (ATCC 35210) as antigen. To discover false positive reactions due to the unsatisfactory specificity of conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for B. burgdorferi, sera were absorbed in parallel with both B. burgdorferi and a heterologous sorbent consisting of whole cells of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and eight serovars of Leptospira interrogans. The difference between optical densities obtained in the ELISA after serum absorption with the heterologous sorbent and the B. burgdorferi sorbent was defined as a new value, "ODdiff", for ELISA reactivity specific for B. burgdorferi. ELISA results were confirmed by immunoblot studies. By testing unabsorbed sera, 48 of 665 serum samples (7.2%) were considered ELISA positive. 37 of these 48 sera (77.1%) were apparently false positive: here a similar reduction of ELISA reactivity was obtained after absorption with B. burgdorferi antigen and with the heterologous sorbent (ODdiff approximately equal to 0). None of these 37 sera gave immunoblot patterns characteristic for canine B. burgdorferi infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

A new colorimetric method for measuring cell-mediated cytotoxicity in dogs.

In order to replace the radioactive 51chromium release assay (CRA), a colorimetric method for the determination of cell-mediated cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) effector cells of dogs and adherent target cells was developed using the dye Rose Bengal (RB). After a 14 h incubation period of leucocytes isolated from the peripheral blood (PBL) of dogs and a natural killer cell-sensitive canine adenocarcinoma cell line (CTAC), effector and lysed target cells were removed by washing, and the surviving adherent target cells were stained with RB. The optical density (OD) of the remaining target cells was measured in a microspectrophotometer (ELISA reader) and was found to correspond to the number of surviving cells, and thus was inversely correlated to the cytotoxic activity. The RB assay revealed almost identical cytotoxic values when compared with the CRA. In contrast to this assay the RBA is quick and easy to perform, inexpensive and avoids radioactive materials and waste. However, the method is restricted to adherent target cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

[pH, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate and chloride in the rumen and abomasal contents of cows with abomasal displacement].

Ruminal and abomasal contents were collected from cows with left abomasal displacement (L), right abomasal displacement (R-), or abomasal volvulus (R+), before the abomasum was corrected, as well as one and three days later, pH and concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and chloride (Cl) were determined. Results were compared with those from healthy control cattle fed a balanced diet. Ruminal concentrations of Na and Ca were reduced in cattle with abomasal displacement, whereas those of K, P and Cl were increased, and those of Mg and pH remained nearly unchanged. Concentrations of K and P before abomasal correction were lower in cattle with L than in those with R+, and declined after the correction. Concentrations of Cl decreased continuously after the abomasum was corrected in cattle with L, whereas they increased after replacement in cattle with R and declined later. These findings imply that cattle with abomasal displacement took up less feed before surgical correction and that ruminal contents backed up in the rumen, whereby the backup was less with L than with R+, and that the backed-up contents passed on after the abomasum was corrected. The results also indicate that a reflux of abomasal contents into the rumen took place in cattle with all forms of abomasal displacement, whereby with R+ increased amounts of abomasal contents passed into the rumen following correction and were then later passed out. Compared to controls, abomasal concentrations of Cl were increased in cattle with displacement and the concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, and P were reduced. Before abomasal correction, pH was decreased in cattle with L and unchanged in those with R- and R+. The concentrations of Na and K before correction in L were lower than those with R+, whereas the concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, and P were higher. After abomasal correction, the concentrations of Na declined, and those of K, Mg, Ca, and P increased. On the third day after abomasal correction, pH and the concentrations of K, Mg, Ca, and P were lower and the concentrations of Cl higher than in controls. These findings indicate that before abomasal correction in cattle with abomasal displacement secretion from the abomasal glands was increased, abomasal contents backed up in the abomasum, whereby the secretion/backup was less with L than with R+, and that the backed-up contents are passed on after the abomasum is corrected. The findings also suggest that the increased rate of secretion from the abomasal glands or abomasal motility disorders continues on to the third day after abomasal correction.

Abomasum↗

PubMed1996

[Echocardiographic reference ranges of sedated cats].

The aim of this study was to get echocardiographic values of sedated healthy cats of the race European short hair for further reference. After the preliminary examinations checking on the state of health (anamnesis, general and special clinical examinations, ECG, X-ray of thorax and preparation of selected laboratory parameters), 74 sedated animals and additionally 33 cats without sedation were echocardiographically measured. For sedatives we used ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine in order to minimize defending movements of the animals and to reduce the heart rate, which facilitated the echocardiographical measurements. The covariance analysis of the measured values showed a statistically significant dependence on the weight. This did not hold for the two calculated values of the fractional shortening (FS) and the quotient of left atrium and aorta (LA/Ao), where the weight-dependence of each component was compensated by the calculation of the quotient. All stated weight-dependent reference values refer to an average bodyweight of 4.0 kg. A dependence on the age did not show in the covariance analysis. Due to the sedation, the diameter of the left atrium (LA) and the diameter of the left ventricular lumen in the diastole (LVDd) as well as the fractional shortening decreased significantly.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[Concentrations of metabolically relevant parameters in the blood of highly pregnant ewes].

From 38 healthy ewes (20 nonpregnant, 18 pregnant) of different flocks and two races (Blackhead Mutton and Merino sheep) concentrations of glucose, ketones, triglycerides, cholesterine and urea in blood plasma were determined to prove if there were any differences between pregnant ewes in the last nine days before parturition and nonpregnant ones. In nonpregnant ewes plasma values of glucose were significantly higher than those of clinical inapparent pregnant ones with twins in the last four days before parturition. Blood values of beta-hydroxybutyrate and cholesterine, partly of triglycerides too, were significantly higher in late pregnant ewes with one or two fetuses. In contrast, concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate and urea showed no significant differences between both groups, pregnant and nonpregnant ewes. The determination of blood plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglyceride and cholesterine, as well as glucose in the case of twin-pregnancy, can provide an important information to estimate the animal's state of metabolism in late pregnancy.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗

PubMed1996

[Occurrence of abomasal displacement in cattle in Hesse].

In veterinary practices in Hesse cattle diagnosed with abomasal displacement increased from 0.18% in 1980 to 0.6% in 1992. In this period the percentage of left abomasal displacement (L) (75-83%), right abomasal displacement (R-) (13-16%), and abomasal volvulus (R+) (4-8%) remained constant. In the Medical and Forensic Veterinary Clinic of the University of Giessen (MGV 2) cattle diagnosed with abomasal displacement increased from 2.1% in 1970 to 25.6% in 1992. In this period the percentage of L, R- and R+ was 71, 15 and 13% respectively. The percentage of L had decreased in this period. In 1988 and 1992 the percentage of the Deutsche Schwarzbunte (DSB) breed was 51 and 52% in the Hessian cattle population and with that lower than the percentage of cattle diagnosed with abomasal displacement in the MGV 2, where the percentage of DSB was 80% in 1988 and 79% in 1992. In the period between 1970 and 1992 the percentage of DSB in all cattle referred to the MGV 2 was 51% and with that lower than in cattle diagnosed with abomasal displacement, where it was 80%. The findings indicate, that in Hesse the DSB breed is predisposed to abomasal displacement.

Abomasum↗

PubMed1996

Ammonia in ruminal and abomasal contents of cows with abomasal displacement.

Ruminal and abomasal ammonia concentrations were determined in cows with left displaced abomasum (LDA), right displaced abomasum (RDA), or abomasal volvulus (AV) before the abomasum was corrected, as well as one and three days later, and compared with those from healthy control cows fed hay or hay and concentrates. In LDA, RDA, and AV, ruminal and abomasal ammonia concentrations before correction of the position of the abomasum significantly exceeded ammonia concentrations in control cows during hay diet. In LDA, ruminal and abomasal ammonia concentration before correction did not differ from control cows during hay/concentrate diet, whereas in RDA and AV, ruminal and abomasal ammonia significantly exceeded control cows during hay/concentrate diet. Ammonia concentrations significantly differed between forms of displacement before correction and one day after correction, with LDA showing lowest, RDA intermediate and AV highest ruminal ammonia values, and LDA and RDA showing lower abomasal ammonia values than AV. However, three days after correction, ruminal and abomasal ammonia concentrations did not differ between LDA, RDA and AV. Up to the third day after correction, ruminal and abomasal ammonia concentrations significantly decreased in LDA, RDA and AV. On the third day after correction, ruminal and abomasal ammonia concentrations in LDA, RDA and AV did not differ from control cows during hay diet, and were significantly lower than in control cows during hay/concentrate diet. These findings suggest disturbances in the protein metabolism of cows with abomasal displacement.

Abomasum↗