Gold thioglucose obesity syndrome.
Parenteral administration of gold thioglucose to mice produces an area or necrosis in the ventromedial portion of the hypothalamus. The lesion, like lesions produced by electrocautery of this area, causes hyperphagia and consequent obesity. The glucose moiety of gold thioglucose is essential for production of the lesion. Glucose analogues (2-deoxy-glucose, sodium thioglucose and phlorizin) prevent the gold thioglucose-induced lesion, and by themselves produce a transient hyperphagia. Insulin deficiency prevents the lesion. Either adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy counteracts the effect of insulin deficiency. Electron microscopic studies, in which general necrosis is avoided by administration of aspirin before gold thioglucose or by administration of subnecrotic doses of gold thioglucose, reveal that gold thioglucose primarily affects neural elements contiguous with capillaries in the ventromedial hypothalamus. The experimental observations indicate the presence of special glucoreceptor cells in the ventromedial hypothalamus that are involved in the regulation of food intake.