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Biomedical subjects

K Fawcett

Publications and source records attributed to K Fawcett.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

Adverse events experienced while transferring the critically ill patient from the emergency department to the intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and nature of adverse events and delay to patient transfer from emergency department to intensive care unit (ICU) in a metropolitan tertiary hospital. METHOD: A 6-month prospective observational study in conjunction with a retrospective chart audit on all emergency department patients admitted to ICU, including those admitted via theatre or after a computed tomography scan. RESULTS: Equipment problems was the most common adverse event occurring in 9% of patient transfers (n = 290). Hypothermia events occurred in 7% of transfers, cardiovascular events in 6% of patient transfers, delays to transfer >20 min occurred in 38% of the prospectively audited cases, with 14% waiting >1 h. One patient was found to have an incorrect patient identification band during a preoperative check. CONCLUSIONS: This study generally reported lower rates of adverse events than noted in previous studies involving critically ill transfers. The most significant finding was the application of an incorrect patient identification band and has prompted a review of practice. The establishment of benchmark indicators for adverse events and delays in transfer will be useful for future audits.

Adolescent↗

Inter-taxa differences in root uptake of 103/106Ru by plants.

Ruthenium-106 is of potential radioecological importance but soil-to-plant Transfer Factors for it are available only for few plant species. A Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure was used to construct a database of relative (103/106)Ru concentrations in 114 species of flowering plants including 106 species from experiments and 12 species from the literature (with 4 species in both). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), coded using a recent phylogeny for flowering plants, was used to identify a significant phylogenetic effect on relative mean (103/106)Ru concentrations in flowering plants. There were differences of 2,465-fold in the concentration to which plant species took up (103/106)Ru. Thirty-nine percent of the variance in inter-species differences could be ascribed to the taxonomic level of Order or above. Plants in the Orders Geraniales and Asterales had notably high uptake of (103/106)Ru compared to other plant groups. Plants on the Commelinoid monocot clades, and especially the Poaceae, had notably low uptake of (103/106)Ru. These data demonstrate that plant species are not independent units for (103/106)Ru concentrations but are linked through phylogeny. It is concluded that models of soil-to-plant transfer of (103/106)Ru should assume that; neither soil variables alone affect transfer nor plant species are independent units, and taking account of plant phylogeny might aid predictions of soil-to-plant transfer of (103/106)Ru, especially for species for which Transfer Factors are not available.

Analysis of Variance↗

Death of a wild chimpanzee community member: possible outcome of intense sexual competition.

Our observations strongly support the view that a lethal gang attack occurred against a young adult male within a wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) community. This is the first report of such an occurrence. At least three adult male chimpanzees are believed to have been involved in the attack. This case is unusual because the attack was fatal, involved directed group aggression within a community, and was not linked to the overthrow of the alpha male. During the period before the attack, the percentage of cycling females in the community was very low (15 males:17 females, a maximum of two regularly cycling). This fact, coupled with the presence of one female in full genital tumescence, may have incited and escalated the violence of the attack. The lethal attack is interpreted as an act of intra-community male sexual competition resulting in the complete exclusion of one male from estrous females.

Animals↗

Herpes simplex esophagitis in a renal transplant patient treated with cyclosporine A: a case report.

Herpes simplex esophagitis is a rare disease occurring mostly in immunocompromised and cancer patients. We report the first case of herpes esophagitis in a renal transplant patient treated with Cyclosporine A while on chronic steroid therapy. With the increasing use of Cyclosporine A in transplant patients, the incidence of herpes esophagitis may increase. The disease is suggested endoscopically by its typical appearance. The diagnosis is confirmed by cytology, tissue studies, and viral cultures. Based on the limited knowledge of the natural history of herpetic esophagitis and lack of prospective antiviral trials, symptomatic therapy with viscous Xylocaine appears reasonable. The definitive role of antiviral therapy is yet to be clarified.

Administration, Oral↗