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Biomedical subjects

K Floyd

Publications and source records attributed to K Floyd.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

The mechanical and thermal properties of frog slow muscle fibres.

1. A study has been made of the mechanical behaviour and the heat production of frog slow muscle fibres in iliofibularis nerve-muscle preparations at 20 degrees C.2. The slow fibre isometric tension and its rate of development increase with stimulation frequency, the increases beyond 30 Hz being relatively small. Relaxation rate also increases with stimulation frequency. The tension-length curve and maximum isometric tension (250 mN.mm(-2)) are similar to those of twitch fibres. The maximum shortening velocity is estimated to be 0.11 tonus bundle lengths per second.3. For contractions up to 60 sec at 30-50 Hz the slow fibre heat rate is steady at 6 mJ.g(-1).sec(-1). Slow fibres produce aerobic recovery heat with a time course similar to that of twitch fibres.4. The accuracy of the results is discussed, and a comparison is made with the properties of twitch fibres. It is concluded that the tension-producing reactions are thirty times slower in the slow fibres.

Animals↗

The operation, quality and costs of a district hospital laboratory service in Malawi.

Laboratory services are run down in many low-income countries, severely constraining their input to patient care and disease surveillance. There are few data about the quality and cost of individual components of the laboratory service in poorer countries, yet this information is essential if optimal use is to be made of scarce resources. Staff time, range of tests, workload, and safety procedures were monitored over 12 months (1997-98) in a typical district hospital laboratory in Malawi. Data were collected to calculate the total economic cost of these services. Of the 31203 tests performed, 84% were to support blood transfusion and diagnosis of malaria and tuberculosis (TB). Test quality was reasonable for malaria and TB microscopy and blood transfusion, but poor for haemoglobin estimation. The cost per test ranged from US dollars 0.35 for haemoglobin to US dollars 11.7 per unit of blood issued and the total annual cost of the laboratory service was US dollars 32618. Blood transfusion and microscopy for malaria and TB comprised the majority of tests. Ensuring that these tests are of the highest quality will therefore have the most impact in reducing wastage of laboratory resources. Inadequate quality of haemoglobin estimations is a particular problem. The findings of this study are likely to be relevant to other low-income countries with similar disease burdens.

Health Services Research↗

Collaborative partnership for optimizing heart failure outcomes in the long-term care environment: a clinical experience.

RATIONALE: Heart failure (HF) is a devastating cardiovascular syndrome affecting more than 4.6 million Americans and resulting in a substantial economic burden. It is the number one cause of hospitalization in the older population. Because there is no cure for this costly disease, goals of therapy include; slowing progression, increasing patient survival, minimizing symptoms, improving patient functional capacity, and decreasing ER visits, hospital admissions, and readmissions. Studies have shown ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) to be extremely beneficial in reaching these goals. However, data nationwide indicate that less than half of HF patients are prescribed an ACEI. Therefore, a national long-term care pharmaceutical provider has committed to the development of a HF disease management program, which has been implemented through a collaborative partnership between medicine, nursing, and pharmacy. This report describes the experience and results of implementing this program in a large group of nursing homes. METHODS: With help from an independent health outcomes consulting firm and an expert panel, a multifaceted program was developed. The AMDA heart failure guidelines were used as a foundation to design program interventions, which included educational programs for the long-term care facility staff, implementation of a HF treatment algorithm, and an outcomes measurement program. The primary goals of this program were to increase awareness of HF and treatment options available and to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with HF through the optimization of pharmacologic management in a long-term care setting. OUTCOMES: A retrospective evaluation was conducted to assess changes in ACEI utilization, ACEI targeted dosing and HF-related hospitalizations 1 year after program implementation. A total of 510 patients followed by 23 consultants, representing 152 facilities met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Data indicated an increase of 36% in newly enrolled HF patients utilizing ACEI after 1 year. A decreasing trend in HF hospitalizations was also noted from the first quarter, (2.2/100 patients) to the fourth (1.0/100 patients). The results of the Heart Failure-Health Outcomes Management Program (HF-HOMP) program demonstrate the opportunity existing for long-term care providers to improve patient health while minimizing expenditures. It also provides additional evidence that such programs should be implemented more broadly within this population.

Journal Article↗

The effectiveness of sealants in pediatric patients.

The objective of this investigation was to determine the frequency of retreatment of sealed teeth in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at The University of Iowa College of Dentistry for the eight years between July 1985 through July 1993. The 7,838 teeth initially sealed were reviewed and it was found that 78 percent had not required resealing or restoration and another 13.2 percent only required resealant. Sealants placed in first permanent molars in six, seven and eight-year-olds required more retreatment than those in older children. Those placed initially in second molars in eleven and twelve-year-olds required more resealants than those placed in older children. It was concluded that sealants had been a successful preventive procedure, but the failures of early placement leave some doubt as to the best time to place sealants.

Age Factors↗

The effectiveness of preventive resin restorations in pediatric patients.

In a six-year, eight-month period, 5,185 preventive resin composite sealants (preventive resin restorations) were placed in permanent molars and premolars in children, five through eighteen years of age in the University of Iowa Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency of failure or retreatment of these teeth. The median observation time was for 18.5 months (the longest was for 79.2 months); 88.3 percent required no additional restorative procedures. The median time for resealing was one year after placement, in 6.2 percent of the cases. Three hundred and sixty-four (8 percent) of these teeth required retreatment consisting of one-surface amalgam or additional composite material. In conclusion it would appear that the composite/sealant/restoration in the permanent dentition may require further evaluation in an attempt to reduce the incidence of repair or replacement of these restorations.

Adolescent↗