Stark-ladder transitions and their oscillator strengths in GaAs/AlAs superlattices.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
K Fujiwara
Publications and source records attributed to K Fujiwara.
Retinoic acid inhibits DNA and albumin synthesis stimulated by growth factor in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture.
Retinoic acid inhibits proliferation as a result of inducing differentiation in various cells. Isolated hepatocytes have quiescent cell function and seldom proliferate in culture. It is of interest whether such function changes in proliferation induced by growth factors and the proliferation is inhibited by retinoic acid. In adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture, retinoic acid reduced DNA synthesis stimulated by epidermal growth factor or hepatocyte growth factor in a dose-related manner. Albumin synthesis was increased with EGF stimulation. Retinoic acid attenuated this increase, but affected neither albumin synthesis in the absence of EGF nor EGF binding to the cells. Adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture may proliferate with quiescent cell function. Retinoic acid inhibits such proliferation and cell function.
Albumins↗
Altered membrane-dystrophin association in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart muscle.
In the ventricular muscle from 30- to 40-day-old Bio 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters, the concentration of dystrophin was about 50% less than the normal controls. Despite its reduced content, extraction of dystrophin from the myopathic muscle into the microsomal fraction was threefold higher as compared to the control. These results suggest that abnormality exists in the association of dystrophin with sarcolemmal membranes in the myopathic muscle. No obvious difference, however, was observed between normal and myopathic myocytes in their immunofluorescence staining patterns.
Animals↗
RT1B/D+ non-lymphoid DC in early GVHD and Hg-induced autoimmunity of rat salivary and lacrimal glands.
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Animals↗
The route of transmission of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) 67N strain in 4-week-old rats.
Four-week-old Wistar rats were inoculated with HEV by different routes. Animals died of encephalitis after intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and intravenous (i.v.) as well as intracerebral (i.c.) and intranasal (i.n.) inoculation. However when inoculated subcutaneously, rats died a few days earlier than those inoculated i.p. and i.v., suggesting that the virus might be transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) by the neuronal route rather than by blood stream. Rats which were inoculated subcutaneously at the site of the neck (group A) began to die on day 4 p.i., a few days earlier than animals inoculated in the foot pad of the right leg (group B). On day 2 and 3 after inoculation, the virus titer in the brain was higher in group A, but group B animals showed higher virus titers in the lumber region of spinal cord than group A animals. In order to follow the virus spread from the peripheral nerve to the brain, the virus was inoculated into the sciatic nerve of rats. The inoculated rats developed clinical signs on day 4 and began to die on day 6. On day 2, virus was detected in the posterior half of the spinal cord and migrated toward the anterior half and in the brain where it was present on day 3. The highest virus titers in the brain were recorded on day 4 to 6, meanwhile the virus titers in the spinal cord tend to decrease. By immunohistochemical study, antigen positive neurons were found in the spinal cord and brain on day 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Administration, Intranasal↗
A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for studying immunocytochemical procedures using an antiserum produced against spermidine as a model.
Antiserum was produced in rabbits against the polyamine spermidine (Spd) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The reactivity of the serum to Spd and a variety of structurally related compounds was quantified by a new immunocytochemical model system incorporating an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) binding test. This is based on the principle of coupling these compounds to the wells of microtiter plate activated with poly-L-lysine and glutaraldehyde and incubating the wells by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. The antiserum showed a 25% cross reaction with spermine (Spm), putrescine (Put), and cadaverine (Cad), and a 1% cross reaction with 1,3-diaminopropane (Dap), but no cross reaction with monoacetyl polyamines and amino acids. The antibody binding was inhibited most effectively by absorption of the antiserum with N1-acetylspermidine and Spd in the ELISA inhibition test. Also, immunoblot analysis of the antiserum with nitrocellulose paper gave completely identical results to the ELISA binding tests. Spd-like immunoreactivities in human melanoma BD and neuroblastoma IMR 32 cell lines are presented as examples of the staining pattern obtained with the antiserum. Absorption of the serum with N1-acetylspermidine and Spd was demonstrated to abolish the immunostaining reaction. The immunohistochemical model is simple: amines and amino acids are bound in the same way as in aldehyde-fixed tissues and, in comparison to immunoblot analysis, the immunoreactivity can be more easily and accurately quantified by assay with the antibody. The model should prove useful in assessing the specificity of other antisera.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
Subarachnoid fluid collection in infants complicated by subdural hematoma.
In the natural history of infantile extracerebral fluid collections, subarachnoid fluid collection itself is regarded as a benign lesion, and surgical treatment is not indicated. As this condition is age-related and self-limiting, spontaneous resolution can be expected in most cases by 2-3 years of age. However, out of 20 cases of infantile subarachnoid fluid collection in an 8-year period, 3 infants developed subdural hematoma. Infantile subarachnoid fluid collection seems to be prone to complicate subdural hematoma. Surgical treatment should be considered when subarachnoid fluid collection is complicated by subdural hematoma due to arachnoid ruptures or tearing of the bridging veins. Therefore, all patients should be observed closely and measures should be taken to prevent head trauma since it may precipitate subdural hematoma.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Malignant schwannoma of the intrathoracic vagus nerve: report of a case.
We report herein the case of a 48-year-old man with malignant schwannoma of the intrathoracic vagus nerve associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. Malignant intrathoracic vagal tumors are extremely rare and to our knowledge, only four other cases have been documented in the literature, none of which were associated with von Recklinghausen's disease.
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
A surgical procedure for the prevention of complete right bundle branch block following total correction of tetralogy of Fallot.
Complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) has been reported as the most common sequelae following total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. A review of previous reports and our own experience have led us to believe that it may be related to the fatal ventricular dysrhythmias which often occur during the postoperative follow-up period. Therefore, we have been trying to reduce the incidence of CRBBB, and we describe herein our surgical procedure for the prevention of CRBBB and its results. Of a total 28 consecutive patients who underwent intracardiac repair by this procedure, only 4 (14%) developed surgically induced CRBBB, none of whom developed a left anterior hemiblock. At the time of this report, no severe ventricular arrhythmias have been found in this series during the postoperative follow-up period. These results suggest that our operative procedure is feasible for the prevention of CRBBB. With regard to the relationship between ventricular dysrhythmia and CRBBB, careful observation is necessary throughout the patients' lifetime.
Adolescent↗
Co-expression of CD4 and CD8 associated with elevated interleukin-4 in a cord T cell line derived by co-cultivating normal cord leukocytes and an HTLV-II-producing simian leukocyte cell line (Si-IIA).
A new interleukin-2(IL-2)-dependent T cell line, designated CS-IIA, was established by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and a lethally X-irradiated HTLV-II-producing simian leukocyte cell line (Si-IIA). CS-IIA showed CD4 dominance during the early culture. However, after addition of IL-2, CS-IIA predominantly co-expressed CD4 and CD8 (69.5%) and also expressed the surface markers CD1-, CD3+, CD19-, CD25+ and HLA-DR+. A significantly elevated level of IL-4 (1697 pg/ml) was observed in the culture supernatant from CS-IIA. In addition, the conversion of phenotype from some CD4+CD8+ cells to CD4+CD8- was demonstrated by the neutralization assay using anti-IL-4 antibody. CS-IIA had a normal human karyotype and was free from Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen and immunoreactive with sera of HTLV-I- or HTLV-II-infected patients and anti-HTLV-1, p19 or p24 mAb. The provirus genome of HTLV-II was detected in this cell line by the polymerase chain reaction combined with a digoxigenin-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, electron microscopy of CS-IIA cells revealed no C-type virus particles in the extracellular space. These results indicate that HTLV-II can be transmitted from an HTLV-II-infected simian leukocyte cell line to human cord T lymphocytes and suggest that co-expression of CD4 and CD8 on T cells may be induced by the high level of IL-4, which can mediate CD8 induction on CD4+ T cell clones.
CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
Sinusoidal endothelial cell damage by activated macrophages in rat liver necrosis.
BACKGROUND: Massive hepatic necrosis caused by fibrin deposition in the hepatic sinusoids develops with hepatic macrophage activation in rats given endotoxin after administration of heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum. Targeted cells of such macrophages were investigated. METHODS: In C. parvum-treated rats, the pathological appearance of liver cells was serially measured in serum following endotoxin administration and compared with the appearance in the perfusate during closed liver perfusion with endotoxin. RESULTS: Serum activities of tumor necrosis factor, purine nucleoside phosphorylase present in both hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells, and levels of alanine aminotransferase were higher after 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours, respectively. Pretreatment of rats with gadolinium chloride, an inhibitor of macrophage function, reduced this liver injury. Although alanine aminotransferase activity remained almost unchanged in the liver perfusate, purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity increased. This increase was reduced when rats were pretreated with gadolinium chloride. There was sinusoidal endothelial cell damage around hepatic macrophages in the liver perfused with endotoxin. CONCLUSIONS: Activated hepatic macrophages may cause sinusoidal endothelial cell damage leading to hepatocyte necrosis in rats given C. parvum and endotoxin.
Alanine Transaminase↗
The biased lamellipodium development and microtubule organizing center position in vascular endothelial cells migrating under the influence of fluid flow.
To analytically study the morphological responses of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to fluid flow, we designed a parallel plate flow culture chamber in which cells were cultured under fluid shear stress ranging from 0.01 to 2.0 Pa for several days. Via a viewing window of the chamber, EC responses to known levels of fluid shear stress were monitored either by direct observations or by a video-enhanced time-lapse microscopy. Among the responses of cultured ECs to flow, morphological responses take from hours to days to be fully expressed, except for the fluid shear stress-dependent motility pattern change we reported earlier which could be detected within 30 min of flow changes. We report here that ECs exposed to more than 1.0 Pa of fluid shear stress have developed lamellipodia in the direction of flow in 10 min. This is the fastest structurally identifiable EC response to fluid shear stress. This was a reversible response. When the flow was stopped or reduced to the level which exerted less than 0.1 Pa of fluid shear stress, the biased lamellipodium development was lost within several minutes. The microtubule organizing center was located posterior to the nucleus in ECs under the influence of flow. However, this position was established only in ECs responding to fluid shear stress for longer than 1 h, indicating that positioning of the microtubule organizing center was not the reason for, but rather the result of, the biased lamellipodium response. Colcemid-treated ECs responded normally to flow, indicating that microtubules were not involved in both flow sensing and the flow-induced, biased lamellipodium development.
Animals↗
A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for spermidine using glutaraldehyde coupling of the hapten to carrier-coated microtiter plates.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for small molecular haptens needs conjugates of the hapten with larger protein molecules for coating the wells of microtiter plates. The formation of such conjugates is not always reproducible. This makes it difficult to evaluate hapten-protein stoichiometries and to understand the precise orientation of the hapten on the protein. In this paper we describe an assay in which the polyamine spermidine (Spd) is coupled with glutaraldehyde (GA) to carrier poly-L-lysine (PL) or human serum albumin (HSA) coated on polystyrene microtiter wells. Each step of the assay was tested for maximum efficiency. This ELISA detected Spd with excellent reproducibility (coefficient of variation = 5.9%), an EC50 of 4.3 x 10(-6) M and a detection limit of 0.1 x 10(-6) M. The present ELISA was about 100 times more sensitive in detecting Spd than a conventional ELISA for Spd using a Spd-HSA conjugate for coating microtiter wells. The Spd antiserum showed 215% cross-reaction with N1-acetyl-Spd, 30.7% with N8-acetyl-Spd, 10% with spermine, 3.3% with cadaverine, 1.7% with putrescine, and less than 0.43% with 1,3-diaminopropane in the new ELISA system. A much higher degree of hapten binding to the plate occurred with the present method than with the previously reported method using microtiter wells activated directly with GA. The hapten conjugation is simple, reproducible and should provide a general method for developing ELISAs, not only for polyamines but also for amino acid and small peptides.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Evaluating bronchial drainage pathways in patients with lung disease using digital subtraction angiography.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the venous drainage pathways of the bronchial circulation during bronchial embolotheraphy or infusion therapy. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 21 patients with lung disorders. All of them underwent bronchial arteriography for drug infusion or embolization. Bronchial arteriography was done using both cut-film and digital subtraction methods. RESULTS: The venous drainage pathways of arteriograms could be determined in 15 (71%) patients and classified into the four types: type 1, direct drainage into a pulmonary vein; type 2, drainage into a pulmonary artery with antegrade flow; type 3, drainage into a pulmonary artery with retrograde flow; and type 4, drainage into a bronchial vein. No drainage route could be identified in six (29%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Digital subtraction angiography can depict the venous drainage pathways in most patients. Drainage occurs into a pulmonary vein in the majority of patients.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
Current topics of immunohistochemistry as applied to skin tumors.
Suppressor oncogene p53 is expressed more frequently in the nodular portion than the superficial spreading portion of the same melanoma. PCNA expression follows the same pattern but it is strongly expressed already in the superficial spreading portion. CD34 is found to label dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. There is the mixture of negative strands but the immunostains are predominantly positive in the three cases studied. Neurogenic tumors are reactive but the intensity of staining is only moderate. Fibrous histiocytoma, dermatofibroma and other fibrohistiocytic tumors are non-reactive. CD34 is expressed in the outer root sheath of hair follicle below the sebaceous gland level. A case of piloepidermal cyst is CD34 positive. CD34 is expressed in vascular endothelial cells; not only hemangiomas but also lymphangiosarcoma is CD34 positive. A case of indeterminate cell histiocytosis following scabies and superficial variant of clear cell sarcoma are discussed as examples of new entities.
Antigens, CD↗
A human T cell line with an abnormal trisomy 2 karyotype established by coculture of peripheral lymphocytes with an HTLV-II-infected simian leukocyte cell line.
A new human T cell line with a chromosomal abnormality (47,XY,+2), designated AS-IIA, was established by coculturing peripheral blood leukocytes of a healthy adult male with a lethally irradiated human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II)-infected simian leukocyte cell line (Si-IIA). A polymerase chain reaction method showed that this interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent cell line possessed the HTLV-II provirus genome; the cells also reacted with HTLV-II-positive human sera, anti-HTLV-I/II p24, and anti-HTLV-II gp46 antibodies. AS-IIA cells expressed the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell markers CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, CD25+, and HLA-DR+, with later conversion to CD8-. These cells showed better proliferation than other human HTLV-II-infected cell lines with normal karyotypes, but were not transplantable into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Virus production from AS-IIA was confirmed not only by electron microscopic examination, which revealed mature and immature type C virus particles, but also by the capacity of the line to immortalize human T cells. These results suggest that HTLV-II shows broad tropism for T cells including CD4+ or CD8+, and that not only Si-IIA, but also AS-IIA, are good sources of HTLV-II. The authors of the present study believe that AS-IIA may be a useful human T cell line for the investigation of HTLV-II in comparison with HTLV-I.
Adult↗
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of autoimmune sialoadenitis in aging BDF1 mice.
To further the understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms involved in spontaneous autoimmune sialoadenitis of aging BDF1 mice, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were undertaken. Eighteen of 19 aging BDF1 mice, 23-27 months of age, developed sialoadenitis spontaneously. By light and electron microscopy, it was observed that the submandibular gland lesion was characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration in the periductal and perivascular areas often accompanied by parenchymal destruction. Immunohistochemically, T cells predominated. The ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells ranged from 0.5:1 to 2.9:1, with an average of 1.4:1. It seems likely that not only CD4+ cells, but also CD8+ cells, play a major role in submandibular gland inflammatory reactions of aging BDF1 mice.
Aging↗
Bauhinia purpurea lectin (BPA) binding spectra in hyperplastic human tonsil and in peripheral blood: immunohistochemical, immunoelectron microscopic, and flow cytometric analyses.
We studied the binding of Bauhinia purpurea lectin (BPA) to human tonsils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by immunohistochemical, immunoelectron microscopic, and flow cytometric techniques. The effect of several fixatives (acetone, ethanol, buffered and non-buffered formalin, B5, Bodian 11, Bouin's, Carnoy's, Zenker's, and glutaraldehyde) was also examined. BPA was reactive with germinal center lymphocytes, macrophages/histiocytes, follicular dendritic cells, squamous epithelial cells, and a subset of endothelial cells. Mantle zone and paracortical lymphocytes were non-reactive with BPA. The profile of the specific binding characteristic of BPA lectin was found to be influenced by the fixatives. Most significantly, formalin fixation greatly reduced overall binding intensity, particularly making germinal center lymphocytes totally non-reactive. The reaction intensity was most prominent in frozen sections or those fixed in Carnoy's or ethanol solution. The combination of heavy metal salt-containing fixatives with acetic acid usually did not enhance BPA binding. Glutaraldehyde solution used for immunoelectron microscopic study also preserved BPA receptors fairly well, and BPA was confined to the membrane in lymphocytes and to both the membrane and cytoplasm in macrophages/histiocytes and follicular dendritic cells. Neuraminidase treatment of tissues resulted in binding of BPA to lymphocytes that were non-reactive before treatment. Double-staining studies on cell suspensions from tonsils with FITC-BPA and PE-conjugated anti-CD3 or SIg reagents revealed that 28.4% of CD3+ cells and 61.3% or SIg+ cells were BPA reactive. In PBL, 65.6% and 81.4% of CD3+ and SIg+ cells, respectively, were BPA reactive. Neuraminidase treatment also increased the percentage of BPA-reactive lymphocytes. In conclusion, BPA is a marker for macrophages/histiocytes and germinal center lymphocytes, provided that the tissues are unfixed or fixed with suitable fixatives such as ethanol or Carnoy's solution.
Adolescent↗