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Biomedical subjects

K Ganapathy

Publications and source records attributed to K Ganapathy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Interaction between a live avian pneumovirus vaccine and two different Newcastle disease virus vaccines in broiler chickens with maternal antibodies to Newcastle disease virus.

Broiler chicks with maternal antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) but none to avian metapneumovirus (APV) were divided into six groups. One group was kept as an unvaccinated control group. Three of the other groups were vaccinated at 1 day old with live APV vaccine or one of two live NDV vaccines (VG/GA or HB1). The remaining two groups received the APV vaccine in combination with either of the two NDV vaccines at 1 day old. At intervals after vaccination for up to 42 days, distribution of the viruses in the tissues was monitored, together with humoral antibody responses. Few NDV isolations were made from any NDV-vaccinated chicks, probably due to the presence of NDV maternal antibodies. In both dual-vaccinated groups, APV persisted longer (up to 21 days post vaccination (d.p.v.)) than in the single vaccinates (up to 14 d.p.v.). After 14 d.p.v., antibody titres against APV in both dual-vaccinated groups remained higher than the single APV vaccinates. For NDV haemagglutination inhibition antibodies, similar titres were found in the single and dual NDV VG/GA vaccinates. However, for chickens dually vaccinated with NDV HB1 and APV, the haemagglutination inhibition titres were significantly higher at 21 and 28 d.p.v. than the single HB1 vaccinates. These differences reflect the fact that NDV haemagglutination inhibition titres may depend on the NDV vaccine used.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Screening for unilateral intracranial abnormalities using near infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary report.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is being increasingly used for medical applications, including neurosurgical care. This preliminary report describes the use of a low cost, indigenous, non-invasive system where NIRS is used to identify superficial unilateral intracranial abnormalities. The optical density (OD) over each hemisphere was initially studied in 50 normal volunteers. The specificity, sensitivity, reliability and reproducibility of the NIRS generated from the developed equipment in detecting OD were thus confirmed. The OD over each hemisphere was then measured in 71 other individuals, immediately after a computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain was performed. Data was statistically analysed to find the average OD difference (compared to the opposite side) of the various intracranial compartments. Differences in OD suggested a unilateral intracranial abnormality. All those in whom OD differences were detected with the NIRS system had unilateral abnormalities on the CT scan. None of the 53 patients who had a normal CT scan had significant differences in OD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Adult intranasal meningoencephalocele presenting as a nasal polyp.

We present an isolated purely intranasal meningoencephalocele, presenting as a nasal polyp in an adult, which is uncommon. Based on a review of the literature, we emphasize that nasal obstruction may be the only presenting symptom of an intranasal meningoencephalocele.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Rosai-Dorfman disease of the central nervous system.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an idiopathic, non-neoplastic, lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by sinus histiocytosis and massive lymphadenopathy. When RDD involves the central nervous system the lesion simulates a meningioma. Histological and immunohistochemical confirmation is essential for a definitive diagnosis. In this paper, ten cases of RDD confined to the central nervous system are reported. Another case with orbital RDD was excluded. Nine cases involved the cranial cavity alone; in one, the cervical extradural region was also involved. Treatment consisted of surgical excision or biopsy. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed a mixed cell population of predominantly mature histiocytes with evidence of emperipolesis and strong positivity for S100 protein in all cases. No recurrence was observed during follow up ranging from three months to eight years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Telemedicine and neurosciences.

It is well known that in most countries there is a perennial shortage of specialists in neurosciences. The available neurologists and neurosurgeons are clustered in the metropolitan, urban areas. Those living in suburban and rural areas may have limited or no access to neurological care. Concurrently, there has been an unprecedented growth in information and communication technology (ICT). In this article, the author will demonstrate how the practice of neurosciences will change, with increasing use of telemedicine and ICT. In addition to presenting the author's personal experience, the literature on telemedicine in neurosciences is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of methods of inducing lachrymation and tear collection in chickens for detection of virus-specific immuoglobulins after infection with infectious bronchitis virus.

Four-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected with virulent infectious bronchitis virus Massachusetts strain M41 via the ocular-nasal route. At weekly intervals up to 3 weeks post-infection, excess lachrymation was induced either by placing sodium chloride (salt) crystals on the eyes or by intramuscular injection of carbachol. Tears were collected using micropipettes or on filter paper. Levels of virus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG were similar, irrespective of the method of tear induction. When tears were collected using filter papers, IgG was detected in eluted samples but at significantly lower levels than in those collected by pipette. Collection of IgA in this way was even less productive, and only trace amounts were detected. Possible reasons for these discrepancies have been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Interaction between live avian pneumovirus and Newcastle disease virus vaccines in specific pathogen free chickens.

One-day-old specific pathogen free White Leghorn chicks were vaccinated with live avian pneumovirus (APV) vaccine, live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine or both. At intervals up to 28 days after vaccination, distribution of the virus in the tissues was studied, together with humoral and mucosal antibody responses in lachrymal fluid and tracheal washes. APV vaccine was detected for almost twice as long in the dual vaccinates as in the single vaccinates. Higher numbers of isolations of ND virus vaccine were obtained from the dual rather than the single vaccinates at 7 days post-vaccination but the reverse occurred at 14 days. APV serum antibodies were significantly lower in the dual rather than the single vaccinates. However, there were similar levels of local APV-specific IgA in the lachrymal fluids of both single and dual APV vaccinates. NDV serum antibody titres in the dual vaccinates were significantly higher than in the singly NDV-vaccinated chickens. It appears that simultaneous vaccination of chicks with live APV and NDV vaccines causes temporary suppression of APV vaccine proliferation and reduces humoral antibody responses to it, although the antibody response to NDV is enhanced.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Role of telemedicine in neurosciences.

That distribution of specialists in neurological sciences worldwide is lopsided is an accepted fact. That, increasing the number of specialists, providing them with the requisite infrastructure and maintaining high standards to provide neurological and neurosurgical surgical care worldwide is just not possible, is also accepted. Patients from suburban areas are sent to the limited number of tertiary neurosciences referral centers, incurring expense and time and resulting in overwork at these centers. It is easier to set up an excellent telecommunication infrastructure, to increase the reach of the limited number of urban specialists, than to put them in suburban areas.

Health Services Accessibility↗
PubMed2004

Telemedicine in the Indian context: an overview.

One sixth of humanity accounting for 1100 million people live in India. India is generally considered to be a developing country and certainly there is considerable scope for improving the per capita income and the average standard of life. India however is a paradox. We now produce and launch our own satellites. Information is being gathered regarding the feasibility of launching a HEALTHSAT - a satellite exclusively for purposes of health care. There has been an unprecedented growth and development in Information Technology. Satellite transmission, fiber optic cables, increasing band width, fall in computer prices, licensing of private internet service providers, internet thro' cable etc have become the buzz words even in suburban and rural India. Theoretically, it is easier to set up an excellent telecommunication infrastructure in suburban and rural India, to increase the reach of the limited number of urban specialists, than to place hundreds of specialists in places devoid of specialists. Telemedicine therefore is the answer. It is universally acknowledged that Indians have made enormous contributions in the field of information technology. We no longer have to follow or piggy back. We now leap frog!!

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2003

Clavicular metastasis from malignant trigeminal schwannoma.

Extracranial metastasis arising from primary intracranial malignant tumours are rare. Cases documented have arisen from tumours arising from glial cells or from undifferentiated neurons. Extracranial deposits from intracranial malignant nerve sheath tumours have not been documented. This case report shows histological similarity - rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in a malignant neoplasm in the clavicle similar to that seen in a malignant trigeminal schwannoma operated earlier. Detailed immunohistochemistry confirmed similarity in histogenesis confirming that the clavicular deposit was a secondary arising from the malignant trigeminal schwanoma.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2003

Surgical management of massive cerebellar infarction.

Massive cerebellar infarction accounts for less than 2% of strokes. Unlike massive hemispherical infarctions, in pure cerebellar infarctions, the prognosis is better. This case report discusses, a 61 year old lady who presented with atrial fibrillation and a massive cerebellar infarction. Timely surgical intervention reversed the deterioration in neurological status. The indications for surgical management, based on review of the literature, is presented.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMed2003

Obliteration of giant corpus callosum AVM with linac based stereotactic radiosurgery.

Successful management of large AVMs is difficult. Traditionally they are considered less responsive and even unsuitable for radiosurgery. This case report demonstrates total angiographic obliteration in a complex, large corpus callosum AVM (volume 36.52 cc) in a 39-year-old male. Stereotactic radiation was delivered with a Linear Accelerator using ultra conformal treatment planning. Large volume AVMs can be subjected to stereotactic radiosurgery if the shape and location makes it possible to deliver an adequate radiation dose.

Adult↗