Biomedical subjects

K Genka

Publications and source records attributed to K Genka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Clinical efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin in comparison with cefotiam in the treatment of elderly patients with pneumonia].

Clinical efficacy and safety of pareteral sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was compared with cefotiam (CTM) in a randomized clinical trial of pneumonia in the elderly at 13 National Hospitals of Kyushu island. 37 patients received SBT/ABPC 3 g i.v., b.i.d., and 31 patients received CTM 1 g i.v., b.i.d. for 7 to 14 days. 1. 68 patients (37 for SBT/ABPC and 31 for CTM) were evaluated for safety. No statistical differences were noted in the patients' backgrounds of either group. 2. The clinical efficacy of SBT/ABPC was 96.3% (26/27 cases) while CTM was 75.2% (17/23 cases). This was found to be statistically significant (Fisher's exact test: p < 0.05). 3. 100% of evaluated cases (10 for SBT/ABPC and 4 for CTM) showed bacterial elimination. 4. No side effects were observed in the study. 5. Abnormal laboratory findings were noted in 10.8% (4/37 cases) for SBT/ABPC and 3.2% (1/31 cases) for CTM. The major adverse events were mild elevation of GOT, GPT and A1-P for SBT/ABPC, and mild platelets overproduction for CTM. No statistical differences were noted in both groups. These results are consistent with SBT/ABPC as a highly effective antibiotic in the treatment of elderly patients with pneumonia.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Association of Ile462Val (Exon 7) polymorphism of cytochrome P450 IA1 with lung cancer in the Asian population: further evidence from a case-control study in Okinawa.

Okinawa, a group of islands that lie between the East China Sea and the Pacific Ocean, 2000 km south of the Japanese main islands, has a different profile of diseases, ethnicities, and cultures than does the rest of Japan. We examined an Ile462Val polymorphism (CYP1A1*2 allele) of cytochrome P450 IA1 in a hospital-based case-control study of lung cancer patients (247 cases and 185 controls) in Okinawa to ascertain the association of this variant with lung cancer. In addition, the distribution of this genotype was studied in populations from different areas of Japan, including Tokyo (n = 69) and Iwate (northern part of Japan; n = 81), as well as in a Chinese group from the Jiangsu province (n = 39) and in an Australian Caucasian group (n = 146). Genotype frequency in controls was not significantly different from area to area in Japan. In Okinawa, however, the genotype encoding Val/Val was associated with a significantly higher risk of lung cancer (odds ratio = 3.32, P = 0.013), especially of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (odds ratio = 4.85 and 9.35, respectively). The Val-encoding allele was less frequent in the Chinese population and was rare in Australian Caucasians. Thus, this study gives support to the value of the cytochrome P450 IA1 Ile462Val polymorphism as a practical high-risk marker of lung cancer in populations, especially those in southeast Asia, in which this variant is more common.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Smoking habits, local brand cigarettes and lung cancer risk in Okinawa, Japan.

To disclose the association between smoking habits and lung cancer in Okinawa, Japan, we analyzed the data from a case-control study conducted from 1988 to 1991. The analysis, based on 333 cases and 666 age-, sex- and residence-matched population controls, provided the following major findings. (a) The odds ratios (ORs) for current smokers relative to nonsmokers were much greater for squamous cell carcinoma than for adenocarcinoma. The OR was 9.82 for squamous cell carcinoma and 2.18 for adenocarcinoma in males, 28.2 and 1.14, correspondingly, in females. (b) Males who quit smoking for 20 years or more demonstrated no elevated lung cancer risk. (c) Among male current smokers, the more the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the higher the lung cancer risk for both cell types, but particularly for squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, deep smoke inhalation significantly increased the risk for adenocarcinoma in particular. (d) Okinawan brand cigarettes were more strongly associated with the risk, compared with other brand ones. This finding might partly explain the higher frequency of lung cancer in males with the relatively lower smoking rate in Okinawa.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

Human papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

AIM: To compare the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung in Okinawa with that in Niigata on the mainland. METHODS: All patients presenting with SCC of the lung in Okinawa and Niigata in 1993 were included in the study. Diagnoses were confirmed by conventional histological examination of paraffin wax sections. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with primers specific for the E6 and E7 regions of the HPV genome. PCR products were analysed by Southern and dot blotting. RESULTS: The incidence of well differentiated SCC of the lung was high in patients from Okinawa compared with moderately and poorly differentiated types, and compared with the incidence of SCC in patients from Niigata. This is despite similar patterns of age, sex (predominatly male), and smoking habit. More patients from Okinawa, however, were positive for HPV DNA by PCR (79%) and NISH (53%). Many patients haboured HPV types 6, 16, and 18. Only 30% of patients from Niigata were positive for HPV DNA by PCR and 20% by NISH. These patients all harboured one HPV type only. CONCLUSION: Surprisingly large numbers of patients from Okinawa were positive for HPV DNA. The detection of HPV DNA was strongly associated with well differentiated SCC. This was particularly true for HPV types 6 and 16. There was no correlation between either smoking and detection of HPV DNA, or smoking and histological differentiation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Clinical evaluation on causes of death in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis].

Seventy one patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who died during the past 5 years (1989 to 1993) were evaluated on their causes of death. Twenty two patients (31%) died directly of tuberculosis, and among them, 18 patients (81%) of 22 patients who died of tuberculosis) had very advanced tuberculosis. The majority of them (64%) were old age over 70 years and were bedridden due mostly to cerebrovascular injuries. The serum level of albumin was low in all 17 patients in whom it was measured. Establishment of diagnosis of tuberculosis was delayed over one month after the onset of symptoms in 59% of patients who died of severe disease. Sixty one percent (11/18) of patients died within the first month after the initiation of chemotherapy and about 90% (16/18) died within 3 months. Two patients died from massive hemoptysis and other patients died of either respiratory failure or tuberculosis meningitis. From these observations it was found that very advanced tuberculosis was the major cause of death in patients who died of tuberculosis and that the advanced disease was chiefly caused by the delay on the establishment of diagnosis, and it was most important to detect tuberculosis as early as possible, with regular check up of chest X-ray and frequent examination for AFB (acid-fast bacilli) for tuberculosis suspected patients. On the other hand, the majority of patients (49/71) died of complicating medical problem unrelated to tuberculosis. Seventeen patients died from malignancy (seven lung cancer, four lymphoma, two laryngeal cancer, etc). Ten deaths were the result of bacterial superinfection. Other patients died from respiratory failure due to COPD, arteiosclerotic heart disease, or cerebrovascular injuries, etc. Two patients of old age died of hepatic failure possibly caused by adverse reaction of TB chemotherapy. It was found that diseases unrelated to tuberculosis were the cause of death in approximately 70% of patients with active tuberculosis, and it should be emphasized to detect early and to treat these diseases, in particular malignancy. And it is also imperative that the chemotherapy for TB must be instituted very carefully with frequent monitoring of liver function in patients with old age.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Tea consumption and lung cancer risk: a case-control study in Okinawa, Japan.

To disclose the relationship between tea consumption and lung cancer risk, we analyzed the data from a case-control study conducted in Okinawa, Japan from 1988 to 1991. The analysis, based on 333 cases and 666 age-, sex- and residence-matched controls, provided the following major findings. (a) The greater the intake of Okinawa tea (a partially fermented tea), the smaller the risk, particularly in women. For females, the odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) for those who consumed 1-4, 5-9, and 10 cups or more of Okinawan tea every day, relative to non-daily tea drinkers, were 0.77 (0.28-2.13), 0.77 (0.26-2.25) and 0.38 (0.12-1.18), respectively (trend: P = 0.032). The corresponding odds ratios for males were 0.85 (0.45-1.55), 0.85 (0.45-1.56) and 0.57 (0.31-1.06) (trend: P = 0.053). (b) The risk reduction by Okinawan tea consumption was detected mainly in squamous cell carcinoma. Daily tea consumption significantly decreased the risk of squamous cell carcinoma in males and females, the odds ratios being 0.50 (95% confidence interval 0.27-0.93) and 0.08 (0.01-0.68), respectively. These findings suggest a protective effect of tea consumption against lung cancer in humans.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1994

[Hilar type squamous cell carcinoma confined within the bronchial wall with hilar lymph node metastasis: a case report].

A 60-year-old male patient visited our hospital for evaluation of positive sputum cytology. A chest X-ray film revealed no abnormal shadows. Bronchofiberscopy showed a protruding lesion at the spur between left B8 and B9. Histological findings indicated squamous cell carcinoma. Left lower lobectomy with hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed. The tumor did not infiltrate beyond the bronchial cartilage on postoperative histologic examination. However, hilar lymph node (#12 l) metastasis was identified. Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is mandatory even in the hilar type lung cancer confined within the bronchial wall.

Bronchi↗

PubMed1993

Ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid.

An 83-year-old woman underwent resection of a pulmonary tumor. Histologic examination of the tumor demonstrated thyroid follicles without evidence of malignancy or teratomatous elements. Developmental anomaly may account for the ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[Double blind controlled study of ubenimex (Bestatin) against squamous cell lung cancer--a multicenter cooperative study].

To investigate effects of the combination of ubenimex, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy against unresectable advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, a placebo controlled double-blind study was performed. Of 365 registered cases, there were 258 cases in the complete radiation group in which the treatment as specified in the protocol (irradiation of 40 Gy or more to the thorax subsequent to chemotherapy) was conducted; the 50% survival time was 449 days and 363 days in the ubenimex group and the placebo group, respectively. A significant (p = 0.0473) prolongation of the survival time was noted in the ubenimex group, and the response rate was 60.9% and 50.0% (p = 0.087). From these results it was confirmed that ubenimex, when used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, not only enhances the tumor-reducing effect but also prolongs the survival time.

Aged↗

PubMed1984