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Biomedical subjects

K Gmelin

Publications and source records attributed to K Gmelin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Follow-up of patients with hepatitis non-A, non-B: incidence and persistence of anti-HCV depend on route of transmission.

Of 32 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis, 10 (31%) were still anti-HCV-positive 12.8 years after the acute phase of the disease. Seven of the patients (21.9%) still had elevated ALT levels, and among these, 5 out of 5 patients who had been subject to parenteral risk were anti-HCV-positive. In contrast, none of the patients who had not been subject to parenteral risks were positive.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1992

Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of a new, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine--a randomized multicentre study with three consecutive vaccine lots.

We investigated immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of three consecutive lots of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in 204 seronegative volunteers. Each volunteer received a total of three doses of vaccine (720 EIU) according to a 0, 1 month primary vaccination schedule with a booster dose given at month 6. Mild, moderate and mostly local side effects were reported in 49.7% after the first and in less than 30% after the third injection. Seroconversion rate after one vaccine dose was as high as 91%. All subjects but one had already seroconverted by 1 month after the second injection, corresponding to a seroconversion rate of 99%. The geometric mean titres (GMT) increased with each dose of vaccine administered. Our results show that this inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is highly immunogenic, safe and well tolerated. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the three vaccine lots in respect to seroconversion rate, size of antibody titre or reactogenicity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of three different lots of a hepatitis A vaccine.

To study the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, 204 healthy individuals were randomized into three equal groups, each to receive a different vaccine lot. Each subject received a total of three doses, each of 720 ELISA units of hepatitis A vaccine HM175, according to a 0 and 1 month primary vaccination schedule, with a booster dose given at month 6. Side effects were low and were < 30% after the second injection. All subjects but one had antibodies to hepatitis A virus two months after the first dose of vaccine. At month 6 all vaccinees had seroconverted. There were no differences between the three vaccine lots with respect to side effects, seroconversion rates and geometric mean titre of antibodies. We conclude that the three lots of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine are safe, well tolerated and equally immunogenic.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Liver transplantation for acute or chronic liver failure by hepatitis non-A, non-B and hepatitis C viral infections: a postoperative follow-up.

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was performed for liver failure related to hepatitis non-A, non-B (HNANB) or hepatitis C (HCV) infections in 12 patients. Of those, 8 patients had chronic and 4 acute hepatic failure. To determine the incidence of recurrent infection, the clinical course, histological findings and serological HCV markers (HCV-RNA and detection of anti HCV antibodies, respectively) were comparatively studied in these patients. Recurrent infection was apparent in 5 of 6 patients transplanted for liver cirrhosis attributable to chronic HCV infection and with HCV-RNA detectable in serum. The clinical course of infection after OLT varied considerably. Chronic active hepatitis, progressing to liver cirrhosis 13 months postoperatively and an acute hepatitis, resolving spontaneously were seen in one case each. Recurrent infection led to chronic persistent hepatitis in the remainder. None of the patients with acute liver failure experienced recurrent infection. HCV-RNA was detectable in all the patients after OLT, with HCV-RNA present pretransplant, however the presence of HCV-RNA in serum was not necessarily associated with clinical illness.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Biliary secretion of bile acids, lipids, and bilirubin by the transplanted liver. A quantitative study in patients on cyclosporine.

To investigate biliary secretion in liver-transplanted patients on cyclosporine treatment we used duodenal perfusion with a nonabsorbable marker. After an overnight fast, 4 women and 5 men were studied for 6 hr at least 6 weeks after orthotopic liver transplantation. The data were compared with those obtained in 6 healthy controls. All transplanted patients received immunosuppressive therapy (corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclosporine). Biliary secretion rates of healthy controls were: bile acids 1.58 +/- 0.67 mmol/hr, phospholipids 0.27 +/- 0.11 mmol/hr, cholesterol 0.11 +/- 0.01 mmol/hr, and bilirubin 18 +/- 0.7 mumol/hr (mean +/- SEM). Liver-transplanted patients excreted 2.60 +/- 0.4 mmol/hr bile acids, 0.56 +/- 0.08 mmol/hr phospholipids, 0.18 +/- 0.04 mmol/hr cholesterol, and 22.0 +/- 4.5 mumol/hr bilirubin. Analysis of individual bile acids revealed that in the bile of liver transplant patients the percentage of cholic acid was elevated, whereas that of deoxycholic acid was reduced as compared with controls. These findings indicate that in the transplanted liver under immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine biliary secretion of bile acids, lipids, and bilirubin is not reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients.

Due to frequent parenteral contact with blood transfusions hemodialysis patients are prone to acquire hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To determine the role of HCV infection we investigated the prevalence of antibodies to HCV in 188 hemodialysis patients. The prevalence of antibodies to HCV was 7.4%. As compared to anti-HCV-negative patients, anti-HCV-positive patients had slightly elevated transaminases which were independent of the presence of markers for hepatitis B virus infection. We conclude that HCV infection is common among dialysis patients.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Detection of hepatitis B virus core gene products in sera and liver of HBV-infected individuals.

The C gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) codes for at least two different proteins (p 21c and p 17e). To investigate the expression of C-gene-encoded proteins in vivo, serum and liver samples from HBsAg-positive patients as well as serial serum samples from an HBV-transfected chimpanzee were studied. Antibodies directed against bacterially synthesized C-fusion proteins were used in Western blots to test for the presence of p 21c and p 17e. In serial serum samples from the chimpanzee, p 21c and p 17e were detected concomitantly during the acute phase of the infection. When sera of patients with chronic HBV infection were studied, all sera containing p 17e were found to be positive also for p 21c. Sera positive for HBV DNA but negative for HBeAg were only positive for p 21c, indicating that HBeAg/p 17e is not an absolutely reliable marker for infectivity. In liver tissue specimens from 20 patients with HBV-related liver diseases, p 21c was detected in five cases, indicating viral replication. The p 17e antigen, however, was present only in low amounts in three of these five, suggesting that synthesis of p 21c and p 17e is not strictly coupled. C/Pol-gene-encoded fusion proteins were found in the liver tissue of only one patient with cirrhosis, supporting our previous finding that detectable levels of these proteins are expressed rarely.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[The e antigen].

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Acute Disease↗