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Biomedical subjects

K Gondo

Publications and source records attributed to K Gondo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Functional differences between hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells in handling polymeric immunoglobulin A2 in humans, rats, and guinea pigs.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in bile plays an important role in preventing the biliary tract from infection. In the present study, to clarify the functional differences between hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BEC) in handling polymeric IgA2 (pIgA2), the major and important IgA in bile, we have determined in different species the binding characteristics of 125I-labeled pIgA2 to tissue sections of human, rat, and guinea pig livers. We have also examined the binding and transport features of 125I-labeled and gold-labeled pIgA2 in cultured hepatocytes and cultured BEC of rat and guinea pig. Asialofetuin, an asialoglycoprotein, or an antisecretory component antibody was used for determining the binding characteristics of pIgA2 to the cells. Grains of 125I-pIgA2 were morphometrically analyzed. In tissue sections, 125I-pIgA2 was predominantly bound to rat hepatocytes as well as to human and guinea pig BEC. The binding of 125I-pIgA2 to the cells was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an antisecretory component (SC) antibody (P < .001), but not by preloaded asialofetuin. In cultured cells, labeled pIgA2 was observed binding predominantly to rat hepatocytes and guinea pig BEC as compared with rat BEC and guinea pig hepatocytes (both P < .001), respectively, and gold particles of gold-labeled pIgA2 were localized in the tubulovesicular structures and biliary luminal spaces of those cells. These results suggested that pIgA2 was bound selectively to hepatocytes in the rat liver, and to BEC in the human and guinea pig livers, through the SC but not through an asialoglycoprotein receptor, and was transported transcellularly and secreted into bile.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Interferon accumulation in cirrhotic rat liver.

In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the therapeutic effect of interferon (IFN) is influenced by the progression of liver disease. In a previous study, we showed that 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in the liver homogenate was significantly lower in cirrhotic rats than in controls after injection of murine IFN. To determine the reason for this decrease, we injected IFN into rats with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis and used microautoradiography with human lymphoblastoid interferon ([125I]LyIFN). Accumulation of [125I]LyIFN in cirrhotic rat livers was approximately half of that in control rats (2880 +/- 900 vs 5770 +/- 600 mm2, P < 0.01). In the cirrhotic rat livers there were few grains on the hepatocytes, but many on collagen fibres. These results suggest that binding of IFN to its hepatocyte receptors is hindered in the presence of cirrhosis. The decreased amount of IFN reaching hepatocytes may contribute to the poor responses to IFN seen in patients with cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Magneto-encephalographical analysis of focal cortical heterotopia.

Focal cortical heterotopia is often associated with intractable seizures. Recent papers have reported that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates cortical heterotopia well compared with other imaging modalities, e.g. computed tomography scan. The authors analyzed the localization of epileptic spike foci of focal cortical heterotopia by 37 channel magnetoencephalography (MEG), and superimposed these dipoles on MRI. The estimated dipoles were observed to be located in a limited area, which corresponded to a focal cortical heterotopia on MRI. The present paper demonstrates that the combination of MEG and MRI is very advantageous for determination of the three dimensional localization of epileptic foci in patients with focal cortical heterotopia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Patent ductus venosus associated with a hyperintense globus pallidum on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and pulmonary hypertension.

UNLABELLED: We report the case of a 13-year-old Japanese boy with a patent ductus venosus. He experienced mild disorientation and hallucination at age 8 years. Hyperammonaemia was discovered at age 12 years. Brain MRI demonstrated multiple intracranial hyperintense lesions, mainly in the globus pallidum, which suggested portosystemic encephalopathy. Patent ductus venosus was demonstrated by abdominal ultrasonography and angiography. Cardiopulmonary investigation revealed pulmonary hypertension. An intracranial hyperintense lesion observed on T1-weighted MRI may be an initial clue for discovering a patent ductus venosus in asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION: When patent ductus venosus is disclosed, pulmonary hypertension should be sought, as in cases with other portosystemic shunts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Echovirus type 9 epidemic in Kagoshima, southern Japan: seroepidemiology and clinical observation of aseptic meningitis.

An outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by echovirus type 9 occurred between March and October, 1990, in Kagoshima, Southern Japan. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data of 259 children with aseptic meningitis who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of pediatrics in the Kagoshima City Hospital were analyzed (other diseases caused by echovirus type 9 were not investigated). The patients' age ranged from 1 month to 15 years and the highest incidence was in 4-year-old children. The male:female ratio was 1.3:1. Frequencies of headache (69%), vomiting (64%), neck stiffness (36%) and rash (195%) were lower than those in the previous reports in the United States or in the Europe. Pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid increased with increasing age in the younger children. A predominance of neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluid lasted for 3 days or more after onset in 16% of the patients. Seroepidemiologic study suggested that the accumulation of susceptible children < 5 years of age had predisposed to the epidemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Novel precolumn deproteinization method using a hydroxyapatite cartridge for the determination of theophylline and diazepam in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

The deproteinization of human plasma was carried out using a hydroxy apatite cartridge as a precolumn. After human plasma had been passed through the cartridge followed by suitable elution, protein-free eluate was obtained within only 1 min without the need for centrifugation. Deproteinization was evaluated by the determination of albumin, gamma-globulin and transferrin in the eluate by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. Determination of theophylline and diazepam in human plasma was performed by HPLC with UV detection. The proposed method was suitable for the determination of these two drugs in human plasma, because it is simple and rapid (retention time of each drugs approximately 15 min) and microamounts of sample are required (50-100 microliters). The calibration graphs for theophylline and diazepam were linear in the range 0.1-10 micrograms and 0.1-65 ng, respectively. Recoveries of both drugs were over 90% by the standard addition method.

Albumins↗
PubMed1994

Tubulovesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets: effects of low temperature, cytochalasin B and bile acids.

The transcytotic vesicular pathway in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets was investigated using horseradish peroxidase. Ten to 20 min after horseradish peroxidase labeling, vesicles and tubules containing horseradish peroxidase were observed to be predominantly around the bile canaliculi. In hepatocytes incubated in a 4 degrees C medium for 10 min after horseradish peroxidase labeling, few horseradish peroxidase-containing structures were observed around the bile canaliculi, and the fine reticular immunofluorescence of microtubules was reduced. Cells treated with cytochalasin B (a microfilament inhibitor) showed a fair number of horseradish peroxidase-containing structures around the markedly dilated bile canaliculi and the distribution of microtubules was preserved. Cells labeled by horseradish peroxidase and then incubated for 10 min in a horseradish peroxidase-free medium containing 50 mumol/L of taurocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid or tauroursodeoxycholic acid had more tubular structures containing horseradish peroxidase around the bile canaliculi than control cells, whereas 50 mumol/L of taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid and taurodehydrocholic acid each failed to increase the number of tubular structures. These findings show that horseradish peroxidase was transported in hepatocyte couplets from the cell periphery to the bile canalicular front through the tubulovesicular pathway, depending on cytoplasmic microtubules. Cytoplasmic microfilaments appeared to play a minor role in this transport. Several specific bile acids such as taurocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid each promoted the tubular transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The endothelin-1 binding site in rat liver tissue: light- and electron-microscopic autoradiographic studies.

BACKGROUND: Endothelin (ET) is known as a vasoconstrictive substance. The receptors for ET have been shown in various organs. However, little is known about the endothelin-1 (ET-1) binding sites in the liver. The aim of this study was to examine ET-1 binding sites in the liver. METHODS: ET-1 binding sites in rat liver were studied in vivo by light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography using 125I-ET-1. RESULTS: Light-microscopic autoradiographic observation revealed strong localization of grains in the sinusoidal lining cells of the hepatic lobule and a small number of grains in the luminal space of the portal vein and central vein. In the hepatic lobule, more grains were located in the periportal region, and the quantity tended to decrease from the midzonal to the pericentral region. Electron-microscopic autoradiographic observation revealed grains in Ito cells and in the endothelial cells of the portal vein, central vein, and hepatic sinusoids. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ET-1 acts on Ito cells and on endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids, portal vein, and central vein and that its action is related to hemodynamics of the liver, particularly regulation of the microcirculation of the hepatic sinusoids.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Erythropoietin production in hepatocellular carcinoma cells associated with polycythemia: immunohistochemical evidence.

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma sometimes have erythrocytosis and high plasma erythropoietin levels. However, previous studies have not revealed direct evidence that the carcinoma cells produce the erythropoietin. To address this question, we carried out light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies, using a human erythropoietin antibody to the liver in three male patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and erythrocytosis. alpha-Feto-protein localization was also examined in serial liver sections by light microscopic immunohistochemistry with an antibody to alpha-fetoprotein. All three patients demonstrated high hemoglobin levels (16.7, 17.6 and 18.1 gm/dl) and high plasma erythropoietin levels (227, 266 and 280 mU/ml). In one patient the plasma erythropoietin level in the hepatic vein was significantly higher than that in the hepatic artery. The levels of plasma erythropoietin, as well as such tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma as serum alpha-fetoprotein and plasma des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin, were significantly reduced after treatment with an anticancer drug, cisplatin. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry showed that erythropoietin was definitely present in the cytoplasm of the hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not in normal hepatocytes around the carcinoma lesion or in other nonparenchymal cells such as vascular endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. In electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, reaction products for erythropoietin were revealed in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in the carcinoma cells, suggesting the production of erythropoietin by these cells. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry showed that alpha-fetoprotein was localized in the hepatocellular carcinoma cells that were erythropoietin positive in the serial sections. These findings indicated that hepatocellular carcinoma cells produced erythropoietin as well as alpha-fetoprotein in these cases, leading to the complication of erythrocytosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Estimation of megakaryothrombopoiesis by mean platelet volume in leukemia patients during the course of chemotherapy and patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation].

The mean platelet volume (MPV) was measured in 14 patients with acute leukemia during the course of chemotherapy for remission induction and 21 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, in order to assess its usefulness as an indicator for megakaryothrombopoiesis at bone marrow suppression and recovery. In patients with acute leukemia, the MPV fell from 9.7 +/- 0.8 fl to 9.2 +/- 0.4 fl during the myelosuppression, and then it rose transiently to 10.2 +/- 0.5 fl and fell to 9.3 +/- 0.5 fl during recovery of platelet count. Similarly, in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, the MPV elevation was followed by the recovery of platelet count. Thus, when engraftment was defined as this MPV elevation, engraftment was confirmed significantly earlier by MPV (19.9 +/- 5.8 days) than by platelet count (24.8 +/- 6.7 days). MPV should be a useful indicator for engraftment or recovery from marrow aplasia in cases of acute leukemia and those of bone marrow transplantation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac beriberi (shoshin beriberi) caused by excessive intake of isotonic drink.

A 21 month old female had voluntarily ingested 0.5-1.51 of isotonic sports drink daily from 10 months of age. She developed hyponatremia and beriberi heart disease, which resulted in metabolic acidosis and cardiogenic shock (shoshin beriberi). Mechanical ventilation was applied for pulmonary edema. Right heart failure was improved after administering vitamin B1. However, 5 days after the shock, hypoxemia and diffuse radiographic infiltrates progressed, and a diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was made. After the occurrence of an air leak, the patient died of respiratory failure. The cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema due to cardiac beriberi may have triggered the ARDS.

Beriberi↗
PubMed1992

[Frequency of the development of RNA-rich reticulocytes in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients].

We measured appearance rates of RNA-rich reticulocytes in 8 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, using a Sysmex R-1000 reticulocyte counter which utilizes laser flow cytometry. The changes in proportion of RNA-rich reticulocytes (high fluorescence ratio: HFR) and maturation index (MI: HFR + middle fluorescence ratio/low fluorescence ratio) were compared with those of WBC, neutrophil or reticulocyte counts. Engraftment was defined as an HFR of greater than or equal to 5% or a MI of greater than or equal to 15%. Engraftment was confirmed significantly earlier by HFR (13.5 +/- 2.4 days) and MI (13.1 +/- 2.9 days) than by neutrophils (17.1 +/- 3.2 days) or reticulocytes (20.4 +/- 6.2 days). The maturation of reticulocytes would be a useful indicator for engraftment or recovery from marrow aplasia in cases of bone marrow transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effects of lisinopril and low-dose trichlormethiazide on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Fifty-six hypertensive patients were recruited to participate in a 12 week, randomised, multicentre trial to compare the effects of lisinopril (n = 31) and low-dose trichlormethiazide (n = 25) administration on blood pressure and lipoprotein metabolism. Both systolic and diastolic BPs decreased significantly after administration of lisinopril (5-40mg/day, mean dose 11 mg/day) and trichlormethiazide (2.0-4.0 mg/day, mean dose 2.2 mg/day). There were no significant changes in lipids, lipoproteins or apolipoproteins with either drug for 12 weeks and no significant differences between the two drugs for these parameters. It is concluded that lisinopril and low-dose trichlormethiazide administration are effective antihypertensive measures without any adverse effects after 12 weeks on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic evidence of cholecystokinin octapeptide receptors in the hamster gallbladder.

The distribution of cholecystokinin receptors in the hamster gallbladder was investigated by 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter-cholecystokinin octapeptide autoradiography. Light microscopic examination showed a marked accumulation of radiolabeled cholecystokinin within the domain of the muscle layer of the gallbladder. The electron microscopic study further disclosed the presence of radiolabeling mostly in those areas corresponding to cell-to-cell junctions of smooth-muscle cells. Our results suggest that contraction of the gallbladder may primarily be induced by cholecystokinin interacting with its specific receptor in smooth-muscle cells. That cholecystokinin receptors were more abundant in the junctional complexes of smooth-muscle cells suggests that cholecystokinin may have a major role in muscle contraction of the gallbladder, which eventually produces an effective bile emptying.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the human liver: light and electron immunoperoxidase methods of observation.

The localization of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in 12 normal human liver tissues was examined by light and electron immunohistochemistry using immunoperoxidase methods. SP and VIP immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed around portal veins, bile ducts, and hepatic arteries in portal areas, along sinusoids and hepatocytes in hepatic lobules, and around central veins. More SP and VIP immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the portal areas than in other regions. Moreover, SP and VIP containing nerve endings were localized close to myofibroblasts, Ito cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells of blood vessels, and sinusoids. The results suggested that part of the innervation of the human liver may be related to the contraction and relaxation of the cells close to nerve endings, and to the regulation of hemodynamic processes by the neurotransmitters such as SP and VIP at the hepatic lobular level.

Adult↗