Biomedical subjects

K Goodchild

Publications and source records attributed to K Goodchild.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

A feasibility study of continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) and brachytherapy in patients with early oral or oropharyngeal carcinomas.

Overall time is important in the curative treatment of head and neck cancer (Dische, S., Saunders, M.I., Barrett, A., Harvey, A., Gibson, D., Parmar, M., 1997, Radiother. Oncol., 44:123-136). Results are presented on outcome and morbidity in ten patients with head and neck cancer treated with external beam irradiation (CHART protocol) and interstitial implantation, completing treatment in 12 days. Local control and overall survival at 5 years was 67%. Acute and late morbidity was acceptable giving scope for dose escalation.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Experience with dose escalation using CHARTWEL (continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy weekend less) in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Results from the multicentre randomized trial of CHART (continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed a significant increase in survival (P=0.004) compared with conventional radiotherapy and a therapeutic benefit relative to late radiation-induced morbidity. However, 60% of patients died because of failure to control locoregional disease. These findings have stimulated interest in assessing the feasibility of dose escalation using a modified CHART schedule. Acute and late morbidity with a CHARTWEL (CHART WeekEnd Less) schedule of 54 Gy in 16 days was compared with that observed with 60 Gy in 18 days in patients with locally advanced NSCLC. The incidence and severity of dysphagia and of analgesia were scored using a semiquantitative clinical scale. Late radiation-induced morbidity, namely pulmonary, spinal cord and oesophageal strictures, were monitored using clinical and/or radiological criteria. Acute dysphagia and the analgesia required to control the symptoms were more severe and lasted longer in patients treated with CHARTWEL 60 Gy (P< or = 0.02). However, at 12 weeks, oesophagitis was similar to that seen with 54 Gy and did not lead to consequential damage. Early radiation pneumonitis was not increased but, after 6 months, there was a higher incidence of mild pulmonary toxicity compared with CHARTWEL 54 Gy. No cases of radiation myelitis, oesophageal strictures or of grade 2 or 3 lung morbidity have been encountered. CHARTWEL 60 Gy resulted in an enhancement of oesophagitis and grade 1 lung toxicity compared with CHARTWEL 54 Gy. These were of no clinical significance, but may be important if CHARTWEL is used with concomitant chemotherapy. These results provide a basis for further dose escalation or the introduction of concurrent chemotherapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Accelerated radiotherapy, carbogen and nicotinamide (ARCON) in locally advanced head and neck cancer: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: ARCON (Accelerated Radiotherapy, CarbOgen, Nicotinamide) achieves a large therapeutic gain in rodents. A phase I/II study was therefore undertaken to determine its feasibility in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The accelerated regime CHART was used in 35 patients given carbogen and/or nicotinamide with 11 small volume fractions. Eight patients received carbogen, 12 received nicotinamide and 15 were treated with ARCON. Treatment compliance, side-effects and acute mucositis were monitored in all cases. RESULTS: All patients underwent CHART as intended. In the 23 patients receiving carbogen, two failed to complete treatment. Compliance with nicotinamide was much lower. Out of 25 patients, only 52% received 10-11 doses of the 80 mg/kg/day of the drug. The most common side-effect was nausea and vomiting, which responded to standard anti-emetics in almost half of the patients. Historical comparisons with the CHART head and neck trials indicate that there was no increase in the severity of acute mucositis in any of these patients. Although the observation period is not sufficiently long to be definitive (median 20 months) there is no evidence of an increase in late normal tissue reactions. CONCLUSIONS: ARCON using CHART as the radiotherapy protocol is feasible in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. However, we are concerned about the low compliance rate in our patients, which is far lower than that reported elsewhere. The implications are discussed together with identifying strategies for increasing compliance.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1997

Carbogen and nicotinamide in the treatment of bladder cancer with radical radiotherapy.

Carbogen and nicotinamide have been evaluated in a phase II study as hypoxia-modifying agents during radical radiotherapy for bladder cancer using a standard daily 20-fraction schedule. Three groups of patients have received (a) nicotinamide alone, given orally in a dose of 80 mg kg(-1) daily with 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks, (b) carbogen alone, with 50 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks, and (c) carbogen and nicotinamide, with 50-52.5 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks. Ten patients were treated in each group. All patients completed carbogen and radiotherapy as prescribed, but only 45% completed daily nicotinamide over the 4-week treatment period. The end points of this study were acute bowel and bladder morbidity and local control at cystoscopy 6 months after treatment. An expected level of acute bowel and bladder morbidity was seen that reverted to normal in most patients by 12 weeks with no difference between the three treatment groups. Complete response rates at 6 months were seven out of ten (100%) in the nicotinamide alone group, nine out of ten (90%) in the carbogen alone group and seven out of ten (70%) in the carbogen and nicotinamide group. It is concluded that carbogen and nicotinamide may improve the results of daily fractionated radiotherapy in bladder cancer and that further evaluation is required.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Management of "brittle" diabetes with a preprogrammable implanted insulin pump delivering intraperitoneal insulin.

OBJECTIVE: Glycaemic control in a young woman with "brittle" diabetes. DESIGN: Use of a preprogrammable fully implanted pump (Infusaid) to deliver insulin intraperitoneally at variable rates, giving a total dose of about 60 units/24 h. SETTING: Endocrinology department in a teaching hospital. PATIENT: Thirty year old woman with 15 years' history of "brittle" diabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glycated haemoglobin concentration; plasma glucose concentration. RESULTS: After implantation of the pump there was an immediate and sustained improvement in diabetic control. The patient's glycated haemoglobin concentration decreased from 15.2% to 9.2% over seven months. Her daily glucose concentrations were in the range 3.5-12 mmol/l. She has not been admitted to hospital since implantation of the pump, which was eight months before the time of writing. CONCLUSION: The implanted programmable intraperitoneal insulin pump may be of value in the management of patients with "brittle" diabetes in whom other attempts at glycaemic control have failed.

Adult↗