PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Graham

Publications and source records attributed to K Graham.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of penicillin V benzathine oral suspensions.

A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for penicillin V content of penicillin V benzathine bulk drug and oral suspensions is described. Dilution of the oral suspension with methanol containing 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene as the internal standard allowed for direct analysis on a reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of 53% methanol in 0.05 M aqueous pH 3.5 phosphate buffer. A relative standard deviation of less than 1% was obtained on commercial formulations, and the system was linear over a range 10-40 microgram injected.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1978

High-dose steroid therapy of intracranial tumour in the elderly.

Twenty elderly patients with intracranial tumour were treated with high-dose steroids (beta- or dexamethasone 12--16 mg per day). Six of eight patients with primary intracranial malignancies and four of six with metastatic tumours showed a definite response of conscious level and/or neurological deficit. One of two patients with lymphoma responded but neither of two with meningioma. Six patients were able to return home. Two patients suffered serious, and three minor, side-effects attributable to steroid therapy, but this treatment has a definite place in the management of intracranial tumour in old age.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addictive behavior of older adults.

Very little is known about addictive alcohol use by older people. In the present paper personal effects reasons for drinking (i.e. drinking for the effects of alcohol) and concerns about drinking were used as indicators of addictive drinking behavior among a sample of 826 people aged 65 and older who participated in survey interviews in their homes. The relationship of addictive drinking behavior to frequency of drinking, quantity of drinks per occasion, and depressant drug use was examined. Alcohol use was higher among males and young-old (aged 65-74), while depressant medication use was higher among females and old-old (aged 75+). However, with the exception of use of over-the-counter medications containing codeine (which was significantly higher among current drinkers), no relationship existed between alcohol use and use of depressant medications. Personal effects reasons for drinking and concerns about drinking were related both to alcohol and depressant medication use. Frequency of drinking was associated with higher endorsement of both personal effects and social reasons, whereas volume of alcohol consumption (drinks per drinking day) was associated only with personal effects drinking. In addition, use of depressant medications by drinkers was significantly related to consuming alcohol for personal effects reasons (but unrelated to consuming for social reasons) and with having concerns about one's own drinking. These results suggest that even within the generally low levels of alcohol consumption of older people, addictive-use patterns emerge. In addition, the results confirm the importance of including depressant medication use in evaluating the drinking behavior of older people.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between alcohol problems and use of tranquilizing drugs: longitudinal patterns among American women.

A previous community study of older adults (Graham et al., 1996) indicated a relationship between alcohol problems and use of tranquilizing drugs despite no relationship between alcohol consumption and tranquilizer use. The present paper explores this issue further using longitudinal data from a representative sample of American women. The results replicated previous findings of a significant relationship between alcohol problems and tranquilizer use that was unrelated to alcohol consumption. Analyses of longitudinal patterns indicated that alcohol problems in 1981 predicted subsequent use of tranquilizing drugs and that this relationship may be moderated by anxiety, with the relationship being strongest for respondents who reported few or no problems with anxiety. The results indicated no support for the relationship being due to: a pharmacological interaction of alcohol with tranquilizing drugs; use of tranquilizing drugs precipitating alcohol problems; or depression, anxiety, poor health or childhood sexual abuse being common causes of both alcohol problems and tranquilizer use. The link between alcohol problems and use of tranquilizing drugs needs to be investigated further to increase understanding of addictive behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concordance of use of alcohol and other substances among older adult couples.

This study used data from a community survey of 826 older adults to examine the level of concordance of substance use among married couples and the extent to which demographic, social and health factors were associated with concordant drinking patterns. Results showed significant concordance for use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and depressant medications, with very high concordance on frequency of drinking and overall volume of consumption of alcohol. Drinking spouses were also very accurate in reporting each other's usual frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. Education and religiosity were associated with concordance on drinking status (drinker/abstainer), but few other variables were significantly associated with drinking status or drinking level. In particular, marital happiness did not appear to be affected by discordant drinking. The results also indicated that having a drinking spouse (versus an abstinent spouse) was associated with higher levels of drinking. These findings suggest that spousal influence on drinking is an important aspect of drinking among older persons and may have implications for understanding the effects of gender and widowhood on the development of late-onset problem drinking.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorophenyl N-(S-benzoylthioacetyl)glycylglycyl- p-aminobenzoate, a heterobifunctional (99m)Tc ligand for precomplexed antibody labeling.

Heterobifunctional (99m)Tc ligands are useful for antibody labeling using the precomplexation route. The aim of this work was to synthesize a ligand, which has sufficient chemical stability to be complexed with (99m)Tc without inactivating the reactive conjugation group. Using 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl N-(S-benzoylthioacetyl)glycylglycyl-p-aminobenzoate (OC2) >60% of the (99m)Tc complex was obtained at 80 degrees C in 20 min, which was separated from the free ligand and impurities by HPLC. After solvent evaporation, (99m)Tc-OC2 was conjugated with the monoclonal antibody mAb425 in 50% radiochemical yield. In all, the labeling method required about 1 h preparation time. The immunoreactive fraction of the (99m)Tc-OC2 mAb425 conjugate was 81%, indicating preserved binding capability after conjugation. Compared to recently described methods, which need in situ activation of the (99m)Tc complex, the application of OC2 saved time and reduced the number of manipulations with radioactive material.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent molecular advances in studies of the concentrative Na+-dependent nucleoside transporter (CNT) family: identification and characterization of novel human and mouse proteins (hCNT3 and mCNT3) broadly selective for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (system cib).

The human concentrative (Na+-linked) plasma membrane transport proteins hCNT1 and hCNT2, found primarily in specialized epithelia, are selective for pyrimidine nucleosides (system cit) and purine nucleosides (system cif), respectively. Both have orthologs in other mammalian species and belong to a gene family (CNT) that also includes members in lower vertebrates, insects, nematodes, pathogenic yeast and bacteria. The CNT transporter family also includes a newly identified human and mouse CNT3 transporter isoform. This paper reviews the studies of CNT transport proteins that led to the identification of hCNT3 and mCNT3, and gives an overview of the structural and functional properties of these latest CNT family members. hCNT3 and mCNT3 have primary structures that place them in a CNT subfamily separate from CNT1/2, transport a wide range of physiological pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and antineoplastic and antiviral nucleoside drugs (system cib), and exhibit a Na+:uridine coupling ratio of at least 2:1 (cf 1:1 for hCNT1/2). Cells and tissues containing hCNT3 transcripts include mammary gland, differentiated HL-60 cells, pancreas, bone marrow, trachea, liver, prostrate and regions of intestine, brain and heart. In HL-60 cells, hCNT3 is transcriptionally regulated by phorbol myristate (PMA). The hCNT3 gene, which contains an upstream PMA response element, mapped to 9q22.2 (cf chromosome 15 for hCNT1 and hCNT2).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal and postpartum care in Hawaii: a community-based approach.

Given the problems of access, retention, and relevant prenatal care content, supplements to existing programs for health-care delivery during pregnancy and after birth are necessary. This article describes a community-based approach to prenatal and postpartum care that has been developed to address these issues. Culturally sensitive strategies were created for use with Hawaiian, Filipino, and Japanese women living on the island of Hawaii. Six nursing care and community outreach interventions were used. Local public health nurses assisted in developing the program and are responsible for its coordination and implementation.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of TRBP1 and TRBP2. Stable stem-loop structure at the 5' end of TRBP2 mRNA resembles HIV-1 TAR and is not found in its processed pseudogene.

TRBP1 and TRBP2 cDNAs have been isolated based on the ability of the protein that they encode to bind HIV-1 TAR RNA. The two cDNAs have different 5' end-termini resulting in 21 additional amino acids for TRBP2 protein compared to TRBP1. The corresponding gene is conserved in mammalian species. By PCR amplification of a human library, we have isolated an additional 22 nucleotides in the 5' end of TRBP2 cDNA. Based on the addition of these 22 new nucleotides, the first 87 nucleotides of TRBP2 mRNA can fold into a stable stem-loop structure that resembles TAR RNA. We have also isolated the DNA sequence that represents the TRBP processed pseudogene. The absence of full alignment between TRBP2 full-length cDNA and this sequence suggests that the stem-loop structure could have prevented a complete reverse transcription during pseudogene formation. Using different antibodies, three forms of TRBP can be identified in primate cells at 40, 43 and 50 kD, suggesting a differential expression from the cDNAs and post-translational modifications. Both TRBP1 and TRBP2 activate the basal and the Tat-activated level of the HIV-1 LTR in human and murine cells. Our data indicate that TRBP proteins act at a level prior to Tat function. TRBP could contribute to improved HIV expression in murine models.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preadmission strategies: reducing the length of preoperative stay.

Pursuing efficiency, the Ottawa Civic Hospital implemented a preadmission program which moved as much of the surgical admission procedure as possible to a single preadmission visit. The authors describe the process of researching, planning and implementing the program. They also report the savings it has represented for the hospital and the reaction from surgical patients.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Discharge of mothers and babies from hospital after birth of a healthy full-term infant: developing criteria through a community-wide consensus process.

OBJECTIVE: To ensure safe care of mothers and babies after birth, irrespective of length of hospital stay, and to ensure effective links between hospital and community postnatal services. METHODS: Program aimed toward consumers and professionals working with them in Ottawa-Carleton (750,000 persons.) All pregnant women in the community included. Program developed by professionals, institutions and community agencies. Information on current practices elsewhere and early discharge literature studied. New provincial survey on practice changes performed in Ontario. Emergency room utilization data analyzed. Discharge and post-discharge criteria, and a common prenatal education curriculum, developed. RESULTS: Multidisciplinary, multi-sectoral committees, institutions and agencies have developed programs for appropriate discharge practice and improved postnatal follow-up. Professionals have supported flexible discharge guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Provided discharge criteria and follow-up are available, flexible discharge timing and safety appear compatible. The Ottawa-Carleton process to develop criteria and programs has allowed a collaborative, consensus-based approach to 'early' newborn discharge.

Community Participation↗