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Biomedical subjects

K Granfors

Publications and source records attributed to K Granfors.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acute anterior uveitis after yersinia infection.

Twenty-eight cases of acute anterior uveitis in which raised antibody titres indicated yersinia infection as a possible causative factor in the disease were studied retrospectively. In most cases the antibodies belonged to the IgA class; in only 6 patients did the presence of IgM class antibodies indicate recent infection. In half the cases also antibody titres against Chlamydia were raised. The clinical features and course of the disease did not differ from those of acute anterior uveitis due to other causes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Plasmids in Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:3 and O:9: correlation with epithelial cell adherence in vitro.

Human isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:3 (biotype 4) and O:9 (biotype 3) harbored plasmids sized approximately 47 and 44 megadaltons, respectively. No such plasmids were found in "apathogenic" strains of Y. enterocolitica belonging to biotype 1. There was a positive correlation among the presence of plasmid, autoagglutination, and adherence to and toxicity for HEp-2 cell cultures; all of these properties were lost by culturing at 37 degrees C in the absence of calcium. Strains of Y. enterocolitica O:3 and O:9 cured of the plasmids showed increased invasiveness in the HEp-2 cell culture model, but no invasiveness in guinea pig eye. It is suggested that the plasmids of Y. enterocolitica primarily determine epithelial cell adherence, but may also be associated with other pathogenic properties.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1981

Measurement of immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: comparison of lipopolysaccharide and whole bacterium as antigen.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantitation of human immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica by using lipopolysaccharides as antigens is described. The results obtained with the lipopolysaccharide ELISA were compared with the results of the whole bacterium ELISA. The correlations observed were good for each immunoglobulin class. Cross-reactions between Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3 and O:9, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IA, and Brucella abortus were studied by human and rabbit antisera in the whole bacterium and lipopolysaccharide ELISAs and by rabbit antisera using ELISA inhibition. The greatest cross-reactivity observed was that of the anti-Brucella serum with Y. enterocolitica O:9 in the whole bacterium ELISA. In the lipopolysaccharide ELISA this cross-reaction was not demonstrable with the rabbit antiserum, but it was strong with the human antiserum. However, differential diagnosis was possible with ELISA inhibition. On the basis of our experience, we are now routinely using whole bacterium ELISA for the determination of class-specific Yersinia antibodies, and potential cross-reactions are controlled by the ELISA inhibition.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Persistence of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to Yersinia in yersinia arthritis.

IgA antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica were demonstrated in the sera of 13 patients with severe versinia arthritis who were studied six to eight months after an acute infection with Yersinia. Four of the patients were monitored for two to three years, and they continued to demonstrate these antibodies. Only one of 12 control patients (individuals with yersinia infection without arthritis) had IgA antibodies specific to Yersinia six to eight months after the acute infection. The persistence of IgG antibodies was also in direct correlation to the occurrence of arthritis, but not as clearly as was the persistence of IgA antibodies. Antibodies of the IgM class persisted in most cases for only one to three months and always disappeared during the first six months after the onset of the infection. Thus, the demonstration of IgA antibodies to Yersinia is important in the diagnosis of yersinia arthritis, and the occurrence of IgM antibodies indicates a recently acquired infection with Yersinia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of ELISA in the diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica diarrhoea in children.

In a series of acute gastroenteritis in children, including 2 bacteriologically confirmed cases of Yersinia enterocolitica infection, paired sera from 286 patients were studied for the presence of Y. enterocolitica 0:3 and 0:9 antibodies, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the 2 cases with positive stool culture of Y. enterocolitica 0:3 significant rise was seen in each IgM, IgG and IgA class Y. enterocolitica 0:3 antibodies. There were 6 further cases with elevated anti-Yersinia IgM: these possibly false-positive reactions were distinguished from the confirmed cases of Y. enterocolitica infection by the absence of IgG and IgA antibodies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Measurement of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: persistence of serum antibodies during disease.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection and quantitation of human immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica is described. Formalinized or heat-treated bacteria were adsorbed onto specially designed microcuvettes, and antibodies were allowed to attach to the antigen-coated cuvettes. Rabbit anti-human mu, anti-human gamma, and anti-human alpha antisera were allowed to react with human antibodies, and these class-specific anti-immunoglobulins were detected by alkaline phosphatase-labeled swine anti-rabbit IgG. A total of 423 sera were tested. The results obtained with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were compared with the results of the conventional tube agglutination test. Persistence of different antibodies was studied in six patients. Antibodies of the IgM class persisted only for 1 to 3 months after onset of the disease; thus the occurence of IgM-class Yersinia antibodies in a single sample indicates a recently acquired infection. The persistence of the IgG- and IgA-class antibodies was variable and not parallel with each other. Remarkably, all three patients in which the disease was complicated with arthritis had IgA-class Yersinia antibodies at the end of the follow-up period of 9 to 14 months, and in those without arthritis the IgA-class antibodies disappeared within 3 months after onset of the disease.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Measurement of IgM and IgG antibodies to Yersinia by solid-phase radioimmunoassay.

Solid-phase radioimmunoassays for IgM and IgG antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3. Y. enterocolitica serotype 9, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IA are described. Bacteria were adsorbed onto polystyrene balls, and serum antibodies bound to the antigen-coated balls were quantitated by their capacity to bind 125I-labeled antibodies to human immunoglobulins.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Radioimmunoassay of class-specific antibodies (RIACA): chicken antibodies to DNP.

A radioimmunological method for the quantitation of class-specific antibodies has been developed. The method allows the quantitation of nanogram per ml concentrations of IgG- and IgM-anti-DNP antibodies without any physical or chemicadioimmunoassay of class-specific antibodies (RIACA) against BSA (Viljanen et al., 1975) developed recently by us. DNP was coupled covalently to a cyanogen bromide activated paper disk with the augmentation of lysine molecule. Anti-DNP antibodies were allowed to react with the coupled DNP and then quantitated by their capacity to bind 125I-labeled anti-chicken-mu or anti-chicken-gamma. The inter-assay variation coefficients ranged from 8.1 to 14.7% and the mean standard deviations of duplicate determinations were about 11%. The combination of this method with the exact immunoradiometric quantitation of the total serum IgM and IgG, and with an immunoabsorption technique, makes possible to quantitate class-specific antibodies in weight units.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of herpes simplex virus IgG and IgM antibodies.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of herpes simplex virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in human serum specimens is presented. Virus antigen is adsorbed on polystyrene balls and antibodies which attach to the antigen are detected by 125I-labeled antihuman-gamma or antihuman-mu immunoglobulins. A total of 76 specimens have been tested. The appearance of virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in primary herpetic infections was readily demonstrated. When serum samples from patients with past exposure to herpes simplex virus were tested, endpoint titers of virus-specific IgG antibodies were found to be 8 to 2048 times higher than titers determined by a complement fixation test. Apparent cross reactivity with varicella-zoster virus was observed in the present radioimmunoassay.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for IgG and IgM antibodies against measles virus.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to determine the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to measles virus in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Purified measles virus was adsorbed on to polystyrene balls, which were then exposed to serial dilutions of test serum or CSF. The presence of antibody was measured by its capacity to bind 125I-labelled specific anti-human IgG or IgM. Serum from a variety of patients as well as measles-immune clinically healthy persons were tested; binding ratios (using negative human serum controls) were usually between 10 and 30, but with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) ratios were as high as 50. Of ten CSF specimens tested, all but one, which was taken early in the convalescent phase of measles infection, had detectable IgG antibody. In six patients with acute measles, IgM antibodies were found in all serum specimens taken one or more days after the onset of rash. Maximal titers of 1:10000 to 1:40000 were found about 7 days later. Thereafter, IgM titres decreased rapidly but were still detectable at 40 days. A purified ribonucleoprotein of measles virus was also used successfully as an antigen in this RIA method.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of human immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 capsid, envelope, and excreted antigens.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay developed in our laboratory for detection of human viral immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies was applied to demonstrate human class-specific antibody response against capsid, envelope, and excreted antigens of herpes simplex virus type 1. In primary infections, a clear IgM and IgG antibody response was found predominantly against the envelope components, whereas the IgM and IgG antibodies to the capsid antigen appeared more slowly. Increasing IgG antibody titers to the excreted antigen were also found in primary infections, though appearing more slowly than antibodies to the other subunit antigens. The antibody response against capsid and envelope antigens was not type specific, whereas in primary infections IgG class antibodies against the excreted antigen showed distinct type specificity. In recurrent infections, no significant level of IgM class antibodies was demonstrated, but in the patients with a severe secondary herpes simplex virus infection a definite IgM class antibody response was found against the envelope antigen. In addition, during severe secondary infections the antibody response against the excreted antigen was enhanced. The host IgG antibody response in recurrent infections was directed against the envelope and excreted antigens, whereas the level of the capsid antibodies was relatively stable.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of rubella virus immunoglobulin M antibodies: comparison with sucrose density gradient centrifugation test.

The solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method developed in our laboratory for demonstrating rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Kalimo et al., 1976) was further developed for demonstrating IgM antibodies. A total of 188 serum specimens were tested. The statistical probability of obtaining a false-positive IgM result, based on determinations of 100 rubella-negative sera, was below 0.001. Nonspecific inhibitors and IgM antibodies against other viruses tested did not interfere in the assay. In 2 out of 20 (10%) serum specimens with rheumatoid factor, a false-positive IgM result was obtained. The new RIA method was compared with sucrose density gradient centrifugation, followed by hemagglutination inhibition testing of the separated immunoglobulins with respect to demonstrating IgM antibodies. In patients with acute rubella infection, IgM antibodies were demonstrated by RIA in 9 out of 20 acute-phase sera and in all 20 early-convalescent-phase sera, compared with 7 out of 20 acute-phase sera and 19 out of 20 early-convalescent-phase sera by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The results obtained indicate that the RIA method is reliable and sensitive and suitable for routine diagnostic use.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Completion of hemagglutination inhibition test by solid-phase radioimmunoassay test in routine diagnostic rubella serology.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) test for rubella virus IgG and IgM class antibodies was used for completing the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test in routine diagnostic serology. During a six-month period 80 serum specimens from 47 patients were tested by RIA because the HI test result was either unreliable or gave insufficient information. This was approximately 5% of the total number of serum specimens tested for rubella antibodies in our laboratory during the study period. The main indications for using the RIA test were improper timing in the taking of serum specimens, which accounted for IgM determination, and nonspecific agglutinins or nonspecific serum hemaglutination inhibitors, which disturbed the HI test. In all cases an unambiguous result was obtained by the RIA test, and five recent rubella infections, not diagnosably by the HI test, were detected. Based on these findings we consider the RIA test to be a good alternative among the methods proposed for diagnostic rubella serology.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗
PubMed1976

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of rubella virus immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay method has been developed for the detection of rubella virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies in human serum specimens. Purified rubella virus was adsorbed onto polystyrene balls, and antibodies that attached to the virus-treated balls were detected by subsequent binding of 125I-labeled anti-human gamma or anti-human mu immunoglobulins. A total of 77 serum specimens were tested. Binding ratios between positive and negative sera were as high as 22 in the IgG assay but rarely exceeded 3 in the IgM assay. The sensitivity of the IgG assay was found to be 16 to 256 times higher than that of the rubella virus hemagglutination inhibition test. The IgG radioimmunoassay can be readily adopted for routine diagnostic use. The IgM radioimmunoassay, however, due to its lower sensitivity, must be modified before being routinely applied.

Antibodies, Viral↗