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Biomedical subjects

K Grasing

Publications and source records attributed to K Grasing.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Successful treatment of the idiopathic restless legs syndrome in a randomized double-blind trial of oxycodone versus placebo.

In a double-blind randomized crossover trial, oxycodone or placebo was given in divided night-time doses to 11 patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) for 2 weeks prior to appropriate polysomnographic studies. Under double-blinded conditions, patients were asked to do daily ratings of their leg sensations, motor restlessness and daytime alertness on a 1-4 scale for the 2 weeks prior to the polysomnographic studies and for the nights of the polysomnographic studies as well. Leg sensations (p < 0.009), motor restlessness (p < 0.006) and daytime alertness (p < 0.03) were significantly improved on oxycodone as compared to baseline or placebo. Patients were studied polysomnographically under double-blinded conditions for 2 nights in each phase of the protocol. On an average dose of 15.9 mg oxycodone (equivalent to approximately three 5-mg tablets of commercial preparation), there was a statistically significant reduction in the number of periodic limb movements in sleep [(PLMS)/hour sleep (p < 0.004)] and in the number of arousals/hour sleep (p < 0.009) on drugs as compared to baseline or placebo. A statistically significant improvement was also noted in sleep efficiency (p < 0.006) and 10 of the 11 patients preferred oxycodone over placebo. We conclude that oxycodone is an effective treatment for RLS and PLMS.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Diurnal variation in continuous measures of the rat EEG power spectra.

EEG measures that vary on a continuous scale, without separating behavior into discrete states, may complement sleep staging as a means of characterizing diurnal variation in level of arousal. The object of the present study was to evaluate diurnal variation in the EEG power spectrum averaged independently of sleep state, and to determine which parameters best reflect this variation. The EEG from rats maintained with chronic cortical electrodes was continuously digitized at 256 Hz, and power spectra computed by fast Fourier transformation every four seconds. Artifact-free spectra occurring over one-hour periods were averaged. Spectral edge, calculated from 66 percent of the area of spectra, and relative power in delta and theta band-widths derived from averaged spectra vary in a consistent and highly significant diurnal pattern. The trend of relative delta power over the daytime, inactive period (when sleep occurs in nocturnal rodents) resembles that seen in human subjects during sleep, with peak levels occurring at the onset, followed by a steady decline during remaining hours of the daytime rest period.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Naloxone causes a dose-dependent increase in total power and delta wave activity in the EEG of opioid-naive rats.

We studied the effect of opioid blockade with naloxone on the EEG of rats maintained chronically with i.v. catheters and cortical electrodes. EEG was analyzed on line by fast fourier transform, and drug was given as bolus injections during nighttime, active periods. Naloxone caused increases in EEG amplitude, reflected as increased total spectral power, for 60 to 90 min after injections. Power was increased primarily in the delta bandwidth, but spindles of large amplitude theta activity also occurred. An inverted "U" shaped dose-response relationship was obtained, with 1.0 mg/kg being the most effective dose. The appearance of enhanced slow wave activity in the EEG after blockade of opioid receptors suggests that endogenous opioid peptides may play a role in maintaining arousal during active periods in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Altered diurnal pattern of arousal following naloxone administration in opioid-naive rats.

Heightened arousal occurring in response to physical or psychological stressors in associated with increased levels of endogenous opioid peptides in peripheral circulation and at binding sites in the central nervous system. When administered as a series of bolus injections during active periods, the opioid antagonist naloxone increased delta wave activity and total spectral power in the EEG of opioid-naive rats. A single 1.0 mg/kg injection of naloxone had a similar effect when given at the onset of night-time active periods, but not if administered during the day when rats are normally inactive. These results are consistent with a diminished level of arousal following blockade of endogenous opioid activity, and suggest an excitatory effect of opioid peptides in certain behavioral settings.

Animals↗