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Biomedical subjects

K Grayson

Publications and source records attributed to K Grayson.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Health survey reliability in an active duty population.

We examined the reliability of data collected from the Health Enrollment Assessment Review (HEAR) survey, a self-report instrument administered by the Department of Defense styled after the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Survey responses from a convenience sample of active duty service members who completed a HEAR survey on two occasions were examined. We measured test-retest reliability by comparing individuals' responses to several of the survey items and compared HEAR reliability patterns with the reliability patterns of similar studies conducted with the BRFSS. The majority of estimates reflected fair to excellent reliability. We found substantial agreement between the results of this investigation and similar BRFSS studies. Our findings support the reliability of responses from the HEAR survey for active duty military members. Our results were generally consistent with those of other studies despite differences in survey administration, respondent characteristics, and privacy guarantees.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Factors affecting Department of Defense patient satisfaction in a military emergency department.

This descriptive, correlational study was conducted to explore factors (nurses and staff, doctors, waiting and convenience issues, and tests and treatments) and specific interpersonal behaviors affecting Department of Defense patient satisfaction in a military emergency department (ED). Data from a random sample of 534 patients using a mail-back questionnaire (N = 178) revealed that military patients who perceived the staff to have treated them courteously, taken their problems seriously, and paid attention to them during their stay were more satisfied with their military ED encounter. Patient satisfaction, expressed as likelihood to recommend the facility, was independent of major demographic characteristics such as age and sex. Our findings suggest that a patient's perception of the ED encounter, particularly the interactions between the patient and staff, ultimately influence satisfaction. Significant improvements in patient satisfaction might be realized if quality improvement efforts focus on providing ED staff specific training in interpersonal interactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Assessing provider attitudes toward mandated prevention practices.

OBJECTIVE: We measured clinicians' level of knowledge and attitudes regarding Department of Defense-mandated clinical preventive services (CPS) delivery and the barriers they believe prevent the delivery of CPS at a large U.S. Air Force referral medical center. METHODS: Our survey listed a range of prescribed specific CPS and solicited reasons why providers believed that they could not be delivered. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 87.4%. Altogether, 91.7% of those responding answered positively when asked if they were aware of specific CPS. Lack of time was the most commonly cited barrier to CPS delivery. Most providers felt that they had the skills necessary to deliver CPS to their patients, yet 84.4% indicated a willingness to receive additional training. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that these providers are willing to deliver CPS to their patients.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1995

Establishing priorities for research in education within one college of nursing and midwifery.

The educational provision for nurses and midwives is currently undergoing immense change. These innovations encompass the organizational structure, the process of delivery and the projected outcomes for professional education within the UK. There is, however, a dearth of published research evidence designed to evaluate these educational changes. Nevertheless, anecdotal evidence suggests that within individual institutions small-scale, educationally-focused research is currently being conducted. These are usually 'one off' studies which address questions of personal interest to individual researchers rather than issues of importance to the organization or to the professions as a whole. the net result is a diverse research portfolio which, by its very nature, is wasteful in terms of lost opportunity to commission larger-scale research which might influence educational practice and in failing to direct effectively the energies and skills of researchers. In an attempt to address these issues and to set an agenda for research priorities within one college of nursing and midwifery, a four-round Delphi survey was conducted. This is the first of its kind to be reported in the UK literature. Fifty six of the teaching staff (77% of the total number of teaching staff) initially identified 213 issues which were grouped into 14 categories. The interrater reliability of the categorization process was checked on three separate occasions. In successive rounds, high response rates were maintained. To test for the manipulative effect of providing respondents with controlled feedback of their score in round 2, the third questionnaire was completed "blind' to previous scores. In the final round, participants were provided with feedback and invited to re-score and rank the items. The final round yielded 28 prioritized items. It was notable that the top ten issues primarily focused upon the pre-registration (Project 2000) provision encompassing both the preparation of students for professional practice and the changing role of the nurse/midwife teacher. This paper explores the implications of these findings for setting a research agenda within the organization.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

Sleep disruption in young children. The influence of temperament on the sleep patterns of pre-school children.

Sleep problems are a common concern of parents with toddlers. Various reasons have been put forward as to the possible causes and maintenance of sleep disruption. These have included neurophysical differences in the child, perinatal differences such as a long labour and depression and anxiety in the parents themselves resulting in adverse effects on the child's sleep patterns. However, recent research has indicated that a child's temperamental style may be a possible causal factor as to whether the child will present its parents with a sleep problem. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate the importance of temperament as a predictor of whether children may or may not have sleep problems. Environmental factors are controlled as far as possible by selecting toddlers with and without sleep problems from very similar environments. Case studies are also introduced to further illuminate other possible associated factors such as parental handling. The results from this study found significant differences in the temperament profiles of children with and without sleep problems. Children with reported sleep problems were more likely to obtain a 'intermediate high to difficult' profile. Various findings from a group of toddlers with and without sleep problems are discussed in this paper together with implications of the findings and recommendations for further research.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacological characterisation of neurokinin receptors mediating anion secretion in rat descending colon mucosa.

Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), [Sar9, Met (O2)11]-SP (SMSP), senktide, [beta Ala8]-NKA(4-10) and neuropeptide gamma (NP gamma) all stimulate secretory responses in rat descending colon mucosa under voltage clamp conditions. Secretory responses (measured as short circuit current under voltage clamp conditions) were transient and those evoked by SP, SMSP, NKA and senktide were significantly reduced by pretreating tissues with the chloride channel blocker, diphenylamine carboxylate (DPC). Concentration-response curves showed varying degrees of sensitivity to tetrodotoxin (TTX). Senktide-induced secretion was virtually abolished by TTX, while NP gamma and [beta Ala8]-NKA(4-10) were not significantly altered. Rightward shifts of concentration-response curves were observed for SMSP, NKA and SP in TTX treated preparations compared with controls. NKA response curves in the presence of TTX were further inhibited by MEN10,207 and CP-96,345. GR71251, GR82334 and CP-96,345 all inhibited SMSP secretory responses with pA2 values of 5.8, 6.5 and 6.9 respectively. In conclusion three types of neurokinin receptor exist in preparations of rat colon mucosa and their relative location within neuronal and epithelial surfaces are discussed.

Animals↗