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Biomedical subjects

K H Fu

Publications and source records attributed to K H Fu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Incidence of ras oncogene activation in lung carcinomas in Hong Kong.

BACKGROUND: In Hong Kong, lung carcinomas contribute to the majority of cancer deaths among Chinese. Point mutational activation of ras oncogenes has been observed in several populations. The incidence of these mutations in Hong Kong lung carcinomas was investigated. METHODS: Lung resections obtained from 52 Chinese patients whose conditions were newly diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer, paraffin sections from 29 Chinese patients with previously diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the lung, and paraffin sections from 49 squamous cell carcinomas were examined for the presence of point mutations in Ki-ras codon 12, N-ras codon 61, and Ha-ras codon 12 oncogenes by allele-specific hybridization after specific amplification of appropriate regions of the DNA using the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among the 130 lung carcinomas investigated, Ki-ras point mutations were detected in seven cases, of which six were adenocarcinomas and one a squamous cell carcinoma. No mutations were detected in the N-ras and Ha-ras codons. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of Ki-ras codon 12 point mutational activation in Chinese patients with adenocarcinomas was 6 of 63 (9.5%). The incidence of Ki-ras 12 point mutational activation among men with lung adenocarcinomas in Hong Kong (6 of 32 patients, 18.8%) is significantly different from that in women in Hong Kong (0 of 31 patients, 0%). Although ras oncogenes are implicated as having a role in the development of lung adenocarcinomas, especially among smokers, it is clear from these data that they are not associated with the unusually high incidence of lung adenocarcinomas among women in Hong Kong.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and gallium lung scintiscan in usual interstitial pneumonitis.

A 2 year old Chinese boy was reported in whom there was an association between usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) and serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody of the classical cytoplasmic type (cANCA). The concentration of cANCA reflected disease activity and decreased during a 6-week course of prednisolone. The gallium lung scintiscan index correlated with his disease activity. Both the serum cANCA concentration and the gallium lung scan could be used to monitor responses to treatment in this patient with UIP.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1992

Clonal Epstein-Barr virus genome in T-cell-rich lymphomas of B or probable B lineage.

Seventeen nodal lymphomas (originally diagnosed as T-cell lymphomas based on histological features and immunohistochemical staining results) were studied for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, and the results correlated with immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement analyses performed on the same tissue samples. All four EBV positive cases had clonal rearrangement of the joining region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgJH) gene without clonal T-cell receptor beta-chain (TCR beta) gene rearrangement. Of these, two cases also showed clonally rearranged light chain gene, and they were reclassified as T-cell rich B-cell lymphomas (TRBL). The other two cases lacked clonal kappa or lambda light chain rearrangement and they were reclassified as T-cell rich lymphomas of probable B lineage, based on their isolated IgJH clonal rearrangement. These B-cell lymphomas may be easily misdiagnosed as T-cell lymphomas owing to the presence of an abundant reactive T-cell infiltrate masking the tumor population. The florid T-cell reaction may represent an unusual host response towards a clonal proliferation of EBV bearing B cells.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

Percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies in the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

From May, 1987, to December, 1990, 173 percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies (PTNB) using a 19-gauge spinal needle under uniplane fluoroscopic guidance were performed in 160 patients. Thirty-one patients had a final diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. These patients with tuberculosis underwent a total of 35 biopsies. Twenty of 35 (57%) had definite histologic features of tuberculosis with stainable acid-fast bacilli, 4/35 (11.5%) had granulomatous or caseous lesion consistent with tuberculosis, and 11/35 had nonspecific inflammatory changes. When results were matched with the sputum culture results, 15/35 specimens (43%) provided the exclusive means of diagnosis of tuberculosis. Five of 35 (14%) patients developed postbiopsy pneumothoraces. The overall acceptance by patients was good. This report indicates the potential usefulness of PTNB in the rapid diagnosis of selected cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. The yield was comparable to fiberoptic bronchoscopy, currently commonly used in the diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacterial disease. The procedure was noted for its simplicity.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Diffuse aortitis complicating Behçet's disease leading to severe aortic regurgitation.

Cardiovascular complications are uncommon in Behçet's disease, but are frequently the cause of morbidity and mortality. Venous and peripheral arterial involvement have been well documented, but involvement of the proximal aorta has rarely been described. This report details a Chinese patient with Behçet's disease. Diffuse aortitis led to proximal aortic dilatation and severe aortic regurgitation necessitating aortic valve replacement. Histopathology of the aorta revealed features similar to those observed in other systemic diseases with aortic involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Polymorphic reticulosis and conventional lymphomas of the nose and upper aerodigestive tract: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases, and immunophenotypic studies of 16 cases.

Seventy patients with malignant lymphomas, including the entity known as polymorphic reticulosis (PR), involving the nose, nasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx (excluding tonsil), and larynx were studied. There were 26 cases of PR, 19 cases of lymphoma with features of PR (ML[PR]) and 25 cases of conventional lymphomas. Fourteen of the 25 conventional lymphomas were due to dissemination from distant sites. For all histologic types of primary lymphoma, the presenting symptoms were similar, and the nasal cavity was more commonly involved than the nasopharynx. Patients with PR were younger, had a higher male:female ratio, and had a better overall survival rate than patients with conventional lymphomas. Cryostat section immunohistochemistry performed on 17 samples from 16 patients showed only one B lymphoma out of 11 primary lesions; the other 10 cases and three recurrent tumors at distant sites showed phenotypic markers of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. All three secondary tumors were of B-cell type. Of eight patients with sequential biopsies, progression to a more malignant histopathologic type was found in six. In the PR and ML[PR] biopsies, angiocentricity was detected in 11%, and angioinvasion in 22%. We could not confirm identity of PR with other angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of automated versus manual extraction of DNA from clinical specimens.

The authors have compared an automated method for DNA extraction with an established manual method using routine clinical specimens. The purity, yield, and quality of the extracted DNA was assessed by ultraviolet absorbency measurements, gel electrophoresis, and DNA probe hybridization. The automated DNA extractor can provide high molecular weight DNA equivalent in purity, yield, and quality to that obtained by the manual method with substantial savings in technologist time and overall costs associated with the procedure.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

Rapid endoscopy room diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori-associated gastritis in children.

A modified urease broth test was used in 109 gastric biopsy specimens of children that yielded a 96% sensitivity and a 100% specificity rate for Campylobacter pylori infection. The longest reaction time was less than or equal to 4 min. The correlation between the degree of C. pylori infection and the reaction time was found to be highly significant (gamma = 0.78, p less than 0.001). Patients were examined as outpatients, and immediate medications were prescribed for eradication of the bacteria on the basis of the urease broth test results. This is the first report on the use of this modified rapid urease test for the diagnosis of C. pylori infection in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Helicobacter pylori and associated duodenal ulcer.

Twenty three children with coexistent duodenal ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection were treated with either two weeks of amoxycillin (25 mg/kg/day) in addition to six weeks of cimetidine, or cimetidine alone. Endoscopy with antral and duodenal biopsies for urease test, microaerophilic culture, and histological studies were performed at entry, six weeks, 12 weeks, and at six months. Children with persistent H pylori infection at six weeks were given a further two weeks' course of amoxycillin. H pylori persisted in all children not receiving amoxycillin treatment but cleared in six of the 13 children (46%) treated with amoxycillin. With failure of H pylori clearance at six months, only two out of six (33%) ulcers had healed and 50% of patients had experienced ulcer recurrence. In contrast, when H pylori remained cleared all ulcers healed and no ulcer recurred. Persistent H pylori infection was associated with persistent gastritis and duodenitis despite endoscopic evidence of ulcer healing. Detection and eradication of H pylori deserves particular attention in the routine management of duodenal ulceration in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Primary mediastinal seminoma.

The records and histopathology of 4 patients with primary mediastinal seminoma were reviewed. All of them were male and at presentation had one or more poor prognostic factors, namely superior vena cava obstruction, hilar lymphadenopathy, bulky tumor, and raised alpha-fetoprotein titers. Their treatment consisted partly or entirely of chemotherapy. Three of them survived free of disease 2-5 years off treatment, 1 of them died of pulmonary fibrosis with no tumor found at postmortem examination. The prognostic factors and treatment of this tumor and the risk of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy containing bleomycin are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Experience with the management of primary endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum.

Ten male patients with extensive primary endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum were treated with chemotherapy (with or without surgical excision and radiation therapy) between 1977 and 1985. Three patients, treated with cyclophosphamide-vincristine-based chemotherapy, died 1.5, 2.5, and 6.0 months, respectively, after initial diagnosis. Of the seven patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, one patient died of septicemia at 2.5 months after diagnosis and was disease-free at autopsy examination. Three other patients died of progressive disease at 7.0, 13.0, and 14.0 months, respectively. The three survivors remain alive at 17.0, 31.0, and 40.0 months from diagnosis; all are without evidence of disease. Of the three patients who underwent excision of the residual mediastinal tumor after cisplatin-based chemotherapy, persistent local disease was found in two patients. One of these two patients died of recurrent disease. All surviving patients had surgical resection of the tumor either before or after cisplatin-based chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy and the timing of therapeutic interventions was guided by changes in the serum alpha-fetoprotein concentrations after initial therapy and during follow-up. Our experience suggests that the optimal management of patients with primary mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor requires an aggressive multidisciplinary approach guided by the extent of the tumor and the serum tumor marker levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Immunologic studies in patients with premature ovarian failure.

Tests for a range of autoantibodies, and counts of lymphocytes, B cells, T cells, and T cell subsets were performed in 45 Chinese patients with premature ovarian failure and 45 age-matched normal control subjects. Eight patients (18%) were positive for at least one autoantibody. Only one patient was positive for antiovarian antibody. Patients with autoantibodies had a significantly higher percentage of circulating B cells. The lymphocyte, T cell, CD4+, and CD8+ counts in patients with premature ovarian failure were significantly higher than those in the control group, but the CD4:CD8 ratio was significantly lower in women with premature ovarian failure. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma estradiol levels and CD8+ counts, and a significant positive correlation between plasma estradiol levels and CD4:CD8 ratios. The changes in lymphocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations in premature ovarian failure may be due to estrogen deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prevention of hypoglycaemia in a patient with pancreatic microadenomatosis by a long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995.

Acute suppression of insulin secretion from pancreatic insulinomas by long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 has been documented. We report the chronic use of the drug in a patient with persistent hypoglycaemia due to benign pancreatic microadenomatosis with satisfactory control of plasma glucose level and reduction of insulin production. There was no tachyphylaxis or untoward side-effect noted during the 6-month treatment period.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Value of routine histopathological examination of appendices in Hong Kong.

A retrospective study of the histopathological findings of more than 11,443 appendices submitted as surgical specimens over 14 years was performed in this department. In most cases routine histopathological examination added little clinically important information to other clinical and operative gross findings, but a variety of interesting and uncommon lesions were identified. In 85 cases clinically important pathological findings were first discovered on routine histopathological examination. These included enterobiasis, schistosomiasis, mucocele, trichuriasis, tuberculosis, ascariasis, endometriosis, mucinous cystadenoma, granuloma, carcinoid tumour, neuroma, clonorchiasis, primary adenocarcinoma and secondary carcinoma.

Adolescent↗