Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K H Johansen.
Because transitional objects and relatedness are often important developmental aspects of the borderline personality structure, the therapist may gain significant information by following the metamorphosis of transitional relatedness as it evolves during psychotherapy. The case presented describes a young woman's use of her own body as a transitional object after a childhood in which she had been used similarly by her mother.
Inpatient psychiatric facilities are admitting an increasing number of young patients with chronic character pathology. Hospitals must explore the impact these patients have on the treatment facility and the risks inherent in their treatment, including the possibility of decreased milieu specificity, increased staff regression, and loss of cost-effectiveness. These risks are system responses that go beyond individual staff countertransferences. Possible remedies include refined indications for inpatient psychiatric treatment, tailoring of milieu functions to fit individual patient needs, explicit accountability of administrative and supervisory structures, and involvement of families in the formation of the initial treatment alliance.
This exploration of the contribution of psychiatrists to the underutilization of psychiatric services by the elderly focuses on the therapists' resistances to psychotherapeutic work with older patients. These resistances can be understood as reflecting two very different types of processes. One involves cognitive misunderstandings of both the phenomenology of normal aging and the nature of age-specific adaptive coping mechanisms. The net result of such cognitive misunderstandings is that the psychiatrist interprets as psychopathology that which is part of normative aging. The second type of resistance involves empathic failure. Psychotherapists fail to respond to the affective component of the elderly patient's dilemma because to do so involves the risk of arousing unresolved feelings regarding their own aging and death or that of their parents. These resistances contribute to the myth that elderly patients are unavailable for appropriate psychotherapeutic exploration.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In the hospital treatment of borderline patients, separation of the roles of therapist and administrative psychiatrist may help resolve some treatment difficulties and promote the patient's personality growth and development. The administrative psychiatrist directs the initial evaluation of the patient, arranges specific therapeutic activities, directs the treatment team, and deals with the patient's family. The therapist, who is removed from the patient's day-to-day activities, can then be more detached and help the patient explore the interactions and frustrations occurring with the administrative psychiatrist. Such a system also provides significant support and clinical advantages both to the patient's family and to the treatment team.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by occlusion of the major hepatic veins, often of unknown etiology, is typically characterized by massive ascites, hepatomegaly and abdominal pain due to intense congestion of the liver. The outcome has almost always been fatal. This report describes an evaluation of side-to-side portacaval shunt in dogs with experimental Budd-Chiari syndrome and in six patients with hepatic vein thrombosis. In the animal studies, side-to-side portacaval shunt was very effective in relieving massive ascites, hepatomegaly, hepatic congestion and portal hypertension produced by ligation of the hepatic veins. Only one of 24 dogs with side-to-side anastomosis reformed ascites, 67% of the animals survived until the study was concluded after one year, and liver biopsies showed reversal of the severe pathologic abnormalities. In contrast, all 20 control dogs subjected to a sham laparotomy, and all 20 dogs that underwent end-to-side portacaval shunt reformed massive ascites and died within six months with continued hepatic congestion and necrosis. All six patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome due to hepatic vein occlusion had massive ascites (4.4-15.9 l), hepatomegaly, abdominal pain and disturbed liver function. In all six, angiography demonstrated occlusion of the hepatic veins with a patent inferior vena cava (IVC) and a normal IVC pressure, and liver biopsy showed intense centrilobular congestion and necrosis. The most valuable diagnostic study was angiography of the IVC and hepatic veins with pressure measurements. Side-to-side portacaval shunt was performed from four to 14 weeks after the onset of symptoms, and produced dramatic and sustained relief of ascites in five of the six patients during follow-up periods of from eight months to seven years. Liver function returned to normal, hepatosplenomegaly disappeared, none of the survivors developed portal-systemic encephalopathy, and follow-up liver biopsies showed disappearance of congestion and necrosis, but mild to moderate fibrosis. One patient died following an emergency IVC thrombectomy and portacaval shunt, which was undertaken when, during the course of his workup, his condition deteriorated suddenly because the thrombotic process extended from the hepatic veins into the IVC. The everpresent risk of this complication, and the dangers associated with delaying operation were emphasized by this case. It is concluded that side-to-side portacaval shunt, which decompresses the liver by converting the portal vein into an outflow tract, provides effective treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome when the occlusive process is confined to the hepatic veins.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Turnover of 125I-low density lipoprotein (LDL) and of 131I-high density lipoprotein (HDL) was determined before and after end-to-side portacaval shunt in eight swine. LDL (d 1.019-1.063) and HDL (d.1.09-1.21) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and iodinated by the iodine monochloride technique. Immediately postoperatively there was no consistent change in the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of LDL compared to preoperative control values, while in all animals FCR of HDL was significantly increased (by as much as 300%). After recovery from surgery, neither LDL nor HDL catabolic rates were significantly elevated above control values in four swine. However, plasma levels of LDL and HDL protein, and of LDL and HDL cholesterol were significantly reduced 10-12 weeks after the portacaval shunt. The reduced levels of LDL and HDL associated with normal fractional clearance rates imply a reduction in synthesis of LDL and HDL following portal diversion.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A new centrifugal blood pump system has been developed for left ventricular bypass by the addition of non-thrombogenic blood surface materials and an ultrathin-walled cannula for the retrograde cannulation of the left ventricle. Partial LV bypass at 3 to 6 L/min was undertaken in 55 calves without thoracotomy. In 20 it was continued for 24 hours, with 13 survivors who were eventually sacrificed. Eleven of the last 14 experiments were completed without mishap. Heparin was employed only during pump insertion. Hematologic changes were limited to moderate platelet depression, and tolerable hemolysis (average serum level 21 mg% in the last 13 experiments). Normal clotting parameters and the absence of significant fibrin split product formation correlated with the absence of gross thrombosis and few minor renal emboli observed at autopsy. This pump system appears to have several advantages over previously described equipment for LV bypass.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.