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Biomedical subjects

K H Moon

Publications and source records attributed to K H Moon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Clinical study of SS-cream in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical efficacy of SS-cream, the topical agent made from the extracts of nine natural products for the treatment of premature ejaculation, we performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III clinical study of patients with lifelong premature ejaculation in three medical centers. METHODS: One hundred six patients (mean age 38.7 +/- 0.61 years) completed this study. The ejaculatory latency measured by stopwatch and sexual satisfaction ratio of both partner and patient were investigated twice in the screening period and once after each treatment (1 placebo 0.20 g and 5 SS-cream 0.20 g for a total of six treatments). Patients were instructed to apply the cream on the glans penis 1 hour before sexual intercourse in a double-blind randomized fashion. Clinical efficacy was compared with the prolongation of ejaculatory latency and improvement of the sexual satisfaction ratio before and after each treatment. RESULTS: In the screening period, the mean ejaculatory latency was assessed at 1.37 +/- 0.12 minutes, and neither the patients nor their partners were satisfied with their sexual lives. After treatment, the mean ejaculatory latency was prolonged to 2.45 +/- 0.29 minutes in the placebo group and 10.92 +/- 0.95 minutes in the SS-cream group. The clinical efficacy of placebo and SS-cream as judged by an ejaculatory latency time prolonged more than 2 minutes was 15.09% and 79.81%, respectively. The improvement of sexual satisfaction to a grade higher than effective was 19.81% and 82.19%, respectively, for placebo and SS-cream. Of 530 trials of SS-cream, 98 (18.49%) resulted in a sense of mild local burning and mild pain. No adverse effect on sexual function or partner and no systemic side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, SS-cream is effective and safe in the treatment of premature ejaculation, with mild local side effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Multicenter study of the treatment of erectile dysfunction with transurethral alprostadil (MUSE) in Korea.

A Korean multicenter study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of transurethral alprostadil with MUSE in 334 subjects with chronic erectile dysfunction (ED) who were enrolled in 21 clinical centers. Patients with psychogenic impotence comprised about 30% of subjects. Intraurethral alprostadil was titrated in a stepwise fashion in the clinics from 250 to 500 or 1000 mcg based on erectile response and tolerability. The erectile responses were evaluated using an erection assessment scale (score of 1-5). The dose that produced a maximal penile response of score 5 (full rigid erection) or 4 (full tumescence, partial rigidity) was selected for home treatment. Patients who showed partial erection (score of 3) with 1000 mcg were also included in the home-treatment group. In-clinic phase: 198 men (59.3%) had maximal penile responses of score 4 or 5. The rate of maximal responses was not related to patient age, etiology or duration of the ED. A total of 228 (68.3%) men progressed to home treatment. The overall level of comfort of the transurethral alprostadil was rated as uncomfortable or very uncomfortable in 12%. Home phase: During the two-month period of home treatment, 178 (78.1%) men had successful sexual intercourse at least once, and 78.2% of administrations (1976) resulted in successful intercourse. The main causes of drop-out were insufficient erectile response in 27 men (11.8%), adverse reactions (mostly penile or urethral pain) in 7 (3.1%) or both in 7 (3.1%). In conclusion, transurethral alprostadil could be a suitable treatment option for patients with ED regardless of age and etiology of ED. Efficacy in an Asian population (Korea) is comparable to that reported previously in Caucasians.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Development of a bioreactor suitable for embryogenic rice callus culture.

Embryogenic rice calli induced from mature rice (Oryza sativa L., Sasanishiki) were cultured in a jarfermentor with disk turbine impellers, an air-lift reactor, and a turbine-blade reactor (TBR(R)), and the effects of agitation were investigated. In all cases, the growth inhibition was observed, though a slightly improved regeneration frequency was obtained in the TBR. To overcome the growth inhibition, small cubes of polyurethane foam were used as immobilization supports in the TBR culture. Supports accumulated around the cylindrical stainless-steel mesh in the reactor and rice calli were observed growing in them. Polyurethane foam with an average pore size of 1.3 mm gave the maximum ratio of immobilized cells during 1-week culture. When 5- or 10-mm cubes were used, supports were observed floating on the medium surface, but 3-mm cube supports accumulated uniformly around the stainless-steel mesh and were found to be suitable for the immobilized culture of rice calli. Three-millimeter cube supports corresponding to 5% by volume were added to 600 ml medium in the TBR and the effects of the agitation speed on the cell growth and regeneration frequency were investigated. At all the agitation speeds examined, no significant decrease in either the cell growth or the regeneration frequency occurred. From these results, it was concluded that the TBR is a suitable reactor for the propagation of embryogenic rice calli and that immobilization supports with 1.3 mm of average pore size are effective in preventing hydrodynamic stress as well as in supplying nutrients to the immobilized calli.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Two cases of Chromobacterium violaceum infection after injury in a subtropical region.

Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative rod and is isolated from soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions. The species have pigmented and nonpigmented colony types. Infections caused by nonpigmented strains are rare. We report on two cases of infection caused by both pigmented and nonpigmented strains of C. violaceum. Two 24-year-old Korea Airline stewardesses were admitted to Inha University Hospital, Inchon, South Korea, on 9 August 1997, 3 days after an airplane accident in Guam. Both had multiple lacerations on exposed parts of their bodies. There was swelling, tenderness, and pus discharge. The wounds contained many small fragments of stones and weeds. A pigmented strain was isolated from the left hand and a nonpigmented strain was isolated from the left knee of one patient. For the other patient only a nonpigmented strain was isolated from a foot wound. The nonpigmented colonies from the left-knee and the left-foot wounds did not produce any pigment even after an extended period of incubation. The biochemical characteristics were the same for each strain except for oxidase and indole reactions. The pigmented strain was oxidase negative and indole positive, whereas the nonpigmented strains were oxidase positive and indole negative. The patients were successfully treated by debridement and with appropriate antibiotics.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1999

Altered renal expression of nitric oxide synthase isozymes in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was aimed at exploring whether the pathogenesis of hypertension is related with an altered expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isozymes, i.e., bNOS, iNOS and ecNOS. METHOD: By Western blot analysis, the expression of NOS isozymes were determined in the kidney isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive control, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The NOx (nitrite/nitrate) contents were also determined in the kidney and plasma. RESULTS: The plasma NOx was significantly increased in SHR compared with that in WKY. The basal level of NOx was higher in the medulla and cortex of the kidney in SHR compared with that in WKY rat. bNOS proteins were expressed higher in the outer medulla and cortex, and iNOS proteins were higher in the inner medulla, outer medulla and cortex in SHR. ecNOS expression did not significantly differ between the SHR and WKY. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the NO generation may not be impaired, but rather increased. It is likely that the increased expression of NOS isozymes is a counter-reactive phenomenon secondary to the increased blood pressure in this model of hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Screening and isolation of antibiotic resistance inhibitors from herb materials IV-resistance inhibitors from Anetheum graveolens and Acorus gramineus.

The hexane fractions from methanolic extracts of Anetheum graveolens L. (Umbelliferae) and Acorus gramineus Soland. (Araceae), revealed potent inhibitory activities against the resistance of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 when combined with ampicillin (Am) or chloramphenicol (Cm). As active principles, carvone and the liquid mixture containing carvone from Anetheum graveolens L. and a liquid mixture mainly consisting of benzoic acid phenylmethyl ester (benzyl benzoate) from Acorus gramineus Soland, were identified. They showed resistance inhibition at the level of 20-50 micrograms/ml when combined with 100 or 50 micrograms/ml of Am or Cm, respectively.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1998

Screening and isolation of antibiotic resistance inhibitors from herb materials-resistance inhibition of volatile components of Korean aromatic herbs.

The resistance inhibitory activities of 54 odorant mixtures (essential oil) from 41 Korean aromatic herbs were tested against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2, which has resistances to 10 usual antibiotics including chloramphenicol. As results, combinations of 28 kinds of samples from 21 herbs and chloramphenicol have resistance inhibitory activities in dose dependent manner.

Chloramphenicol Resistance↗
PubMed1997

Gallbladder motility change in late pregnancy and after delivery.

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of gallstone disease has increased recently in Korea and there seems to be an increased prevalence of gallstones when in association with pregnancy. Although the pathogenesis is incompletely defined, and altered motility of the gallbladder may contribute to the increased risk of gallstones during pregnancy. METHODS: We measured gallbladder volume using real-time ultrasonography to find out the mechanism for the changes of gallbladder motility during late pregnancy. Eighteen pregnant women took the gallbladder ultrasonography during their last trimester of pregnancy and after delivery; gallbladder volume and ejection fraction were calculated in each patient. RESULTS: Fasting gallbladder volumes increased significantly in the last trimester of pregnancy (25.28 +/- 14.26ml) compared with postpartum (17.44 +/- 5.82 ml) (p < 0.05). Gallbladder volumes measured after fatty meals showed more increment in pregnant women (10.13 +/- 7.19 ml) than in those after delivery (4.34 +/- 3.36 ml) (p < 0.005). A significantly reduced gallbladder ejection fraction was found in the pregnant group (60.56 +/- 18.80%) compared with those after delivery (77.48 +/- 13.37%) (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Gallbladder motility in late pregnancy shows significant impairment compared with that in postpartum. Thus, we suggest that gallbladder hypomotility may occur during late pregnancy, and this impairment of gallbladder motility may play an important role in gallstone formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An analysis of a retrieved Prodigy femoral prosthesis.

Radiographic and histologic data of an autopsy-retrieved femur containing a Prodigy stem (DePuy, Warsaw, IN) in situ for 26 months were analyzed. The Prodigy is a porous-coated Anatomic Medullary Locking stem modified with a smooth groove, the Redux Groove, on its medial central portion. This Redux Groove, designed to increase stem flexibility and decrease periprosthetic bone resorption, decreases the porous surface area available for bone ingrowth. In this case, however, the decreased porous area did not affect diaphyseal bone ingrowth. Additionally, although there is a concern that the groove will provide a pathway for debris migration, no evidence of debris was found in the tissue at the groove site. Although the Redux Groove's value in decreasing periprosthetic bone loss is still uncertain, this case demonstrated less proximal bone loss than was reported in similar dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry studies of autopsy cases containing Anatomic Medullary Locking stems without a groove. Analysis of more cases with longer in situ intervals is necessary to determine if the groove decreases resorptive bone remodeling and if the groove becomes a conduit for particulate debris migration. It is emphasized that results of this one case may not be representative of all Prodigy cases.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Wear of polyethylene cups in total hip arthroplasty. A study of specimens retrieved post mortem.

The wear of polyethylene components of total hip replacements has previously been studied radiographically and by analysis of retrieved components. The extent of wear, however, has largely been determined from components retrieved at reoperation and has therefore been based on a subset of patients in whom the prosthesis is more likely to show excessive wear. The study of cups retrieved post mortem provides a better indication of the extent of wear of well functioning components. Twenty-six polyethylene liners were retrieved at autopsy from nineteen patients, after a mean of ninety-one months (range, thirty-three to 206 months) in situ. Each component had articulated with a thirty-two-millimeter-diameter femoral head. The components were evaluated visually for evidence of polyethylene wear such as pitting, scratching, and burnishing. Additionally; a shadowgraph technique was used to examine molds of the inner surface of the liner to determine the direction and extent of wear. The mean extent of linear wear of the retrieved liners was 0.45 millimeter (range, 0.17 to 1.07 millimeters), and the mean rate of wear was 0.07 millimeter (range, 0.02 to 0.18 millimeter) per year. The mean volumetric wear was 245.3 cubic millimeters (range, 13.0 to 779.1 cubic millimeters), and the mean rate of volumetric wear was 39.8 cubic millimeters (range, 1.0 to 131.3 cubic millimeters) per year. The mean rate of wear for the twenty-six liners was 45 to 69 per cent less than the rates reported in the literature for polyethylene liners retrieved at reoperation. Examination of the articulating surface did not reveal gross evidence of surface failure such as delamination or fatigue cracks. In general, the surfaces were merely burnished and scratched. The rates of wear of press-fit, metal-backed liners were significantly higher than those of all-polyethylene cemented components (p < 0.05). Additionally, statistical analysis revealed no correlation between wear and the patient's age, weight, or gender; the duration of implantation; or the thickness of the polyethylene. These results indicate that wear of the polyethylene of well functioning hip replacements is not as excessive as reported previously.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1993

Chronic caffeine ingestion exacerbates 2-kidney, 1-clip hypertension and ameliorates deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension in rats.

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of caffeine on the development of renal hypertension. Two-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertension and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, 200 mg/kg, subcutaneous implantation)-salt (0.9% NaCl drinking) hypertension were instituted in Sprague-Dawley rats. They were then grouped into two groups each: one was supplemented with caffeine (0.1%) in their drinking solution and the other was not. Systolic blood pressure was measured up to 24 days. Caffeine exacerbated the development of 2K1C hypertension in association with a higher plasma renin concentration (PRC). Caffeine ingestion, however, did not exacerbate but ameliorated DOCA-salt hypertension in which PRC was comparable between the caffeine-ingested and control groups. Concentrations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (pANP) were significantly different between the caffeine-ingested and control groups neither in 2K1C nor in DOCA-salt rats, suggesting that ANP was not responsible for the modified blood pressure. Acute caffeine infusion (350 micrograms/min, 30 min) in anesthetized normotensive rats caused increases in urinary excretion (volume and sodium) and in PRC without significantly affecting the blood pressure and pANP. These results suggest that caffeine specifically exacerbates 2K1C hypertension through increasing renin release whereas it ameliorates DOCA-salt hypertension possibly through increasing renal excretion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Cimetidine improves the accuracy of creatinine clearance as an indicator for glomerular filtration rate.

BACKGROUND: Although endogenous creatinine clearance is often used as an indicator for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), it may result in an overestimation due to its tubular secretion. Since cimetidine is known to inhibit tubular secretion of creatinine, it may improve the accuracy of the creatinine clearance in measuring GFR. METHODS: Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was compared with iothalamate clearance (C1oth) during oral administration of either placebo or cimetidine in 25 patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction. RESULTS: Cimetidine itself had no effect on C1oth but decreased Ccr, improving its validity, as measured by a significant decrease of Ccr/C1oth from 1.72 during placebo to 1.17 during cimetidine administration. The degree of overestimation measured by the Ccr was more pronounced in those with more severe renal dysfunction. A significant inverse correlation was noted between Ccr/C1oth and GFR. No apparent side effect due to cimetidine was noted. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cimetidine improves the accuracy of Ccr as an indicator for GFR in patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Purification and properties of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase from rat brain. Susceptibility to calpain.

A new, rapid method for purification of inositol(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase in high yield from rat brain is described. Purified enzyme exhibited a polypeptide of Mr = 53,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and a specific activity of 29 mumol/min/mg at 37 degrees C in the absence of calmodulin. Inclusion of calpain inhibitors was critical for obtaining the 53-kDa protein as the major product and 0.1% of the zwitterionic detergent, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-2-propanesulfonate, was necessary to stabilize enzyme activity. In the absence of calpain inhibitors, the 53-kDa protein degraded progressively during purification and yielded a mixture containing polypeptides of various sizes. Relative intensity of these degradation products on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel varied from one preparation to another. However, broad band(s) at the 42-45 kDa region and a band at 35 kDa were always weak, while bands of 53, 51, 40 (sometimes doublets), 33, and 32 KDa were usually strong. The fact that all of these polypeptides including the weak bands of 42-45 and 35 kDa were derived from the 53 kDa form was confirmed by their immunocross-reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to the 53 kDa form. When the 51, 40, and a mixture of the 33 and 32 kDa forms were obtained separately and nearly free from other forms, each of them exhibited catalytic activity. Nevertheless, calmodulin binds to polypeptides larger than 35,000 but not to the 33 and 32 kDa forms. Incubation of the purified 53 kDa form with calpain generated a fragmentation pattern nearly identical to that generated during purification in the absence of calpain inhibitors. Incubation with five other endoproteases produced proteolytic fragments slightly different from those by calpain. However, the general fragmentation patterns generated by the proteases were similar, suggesting that inositol(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase contains several motifs susceptible to a variety of proteases.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Molecular cloning and expression of a complementary DNA for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase.

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone that encodes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase was isolated from a rat brain cDNA expression library with the use of monoclonal antibodies. This clone had an open reading frame that would direct the synthesis of a protein consisting of 449 amino acids and with a molecular mass of 49,853 daltons. The putative protein revealed a potential calmodulin-binding site and six regions with amino acid compositions (PEST regions) common to proteins that are susceptible to calpain. Expression of the cDNA in COS cells resulted in an approximately 150-fold increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity of these cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Developmental changes in the activities of phospholipase c, 3-kinase, and 5-phosphatase in rat brain.

The specific activities of phospholipase C, 3-kinase, and 5-phosphatase were measured in brain homogenates from rats at different developmental stages. The activities of 3-kinase and 5-phosphatase increased by 14-fold and 2-fold, respectively, during development from fetus to adult, while PLC activity remained constant. These results suggest that the metabolism of inositol phosphates varies widely during development. In young brain stimulated by an agonist, it is predictable that Ins(1,4,5)P3 lasts longer and its average concentration is higher than in adult brain. The opposite is true for both the lifetime and concentration of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. These developmental changes will invariably affect the property of Ca2+ oscillation and the effective time during which cells respond to the Ca2+-mobilizing agonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cloning and sequence of multiple forms of phospholipase C.

Three phospholipase C isozymes (PLC-I, II, and III) have been purified from bovine brain. Here, phospholipase C-related cDNA clones corresponding to PLC-I and PLC-III were isolated from a rat brain lambda gt11 expression cDNA library using specific monoclonal antibodies and sequenced. Each of them encodes a distinct polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 138,225 (PLC-I) and 85,840 (PLC-III). Comparison of these two with the sequence of another isozyme PLC-II (Mr = 148,431) that we have previously characterized revealed a low overall sequence homology. Nevertheless, a significant amino acid sequence similarity between the three enzymes was found in two regions, one of about 150 amino acids and the other of about 120 amino acids. The two conserved domains were separated by a variable region. The variable region sequence of PLC-II is relatively long and has recently been shown to contain regions homologous to the noncatalytic domain of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Those of PLC-I and III were short and appeared to be unrelated to these tyrosine kinases. The physiological implications of the multiple species of PLC enzymes are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C: complete cDNA and protein sequences and sequence homology to tyrosine kinase-related oncogene products.

Antibodies against an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C purified from bovine brain were used to screen rat brain lambda gt11 expression cDNA libraries. Complete sequences of three cDNA inserts yielded a cumulative sequence of 5106 base pairs. The deduced protein had 1289 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 148,431. The determination of an open reading frame was aided by the amino acid sequences of 21 tryptic peptides isolated from bovine brain phospholipase C. Only 9 residues of a total of 140 amino acid residues determined for the bovine enzyme were different from those deduced from the rat cDNA. Two regions of phospholipase C (amino acid residues 555-598 and 668-705) exhibited significant amino acid similarities to the products of various tyrosine kinase-related oncogenes (yes, src, fgr, abl, fps, fes, and tck). The homologous domain was located in the region that is not essential for the protein-tyrosine kinase activity but is likely to be involved in an interaction with cellular components that modulate kinase function. Therefore, this unexpected similarity raises the possibility that the 148-kDa phospholipase C and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases are modulated by common cellular component(s).

Amino Acid Sequence↗