[Iatrogenic and environmentally caused diseases of the endocrine system in the aged].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
K H Tragl
Publications and source records attributed to K H Tragl.
[Risk factors and atherosclerotic complications in Vienna: myocardial infarct and stroke].
Examination of all patients who had been admitted with myocardial infarction or with acute cerebral attacks to a medical department within one year reveals differentiation by age and by sex of these events. Age and sex differentiate the patients also with regard to course and mortality of the disease. Retrospective evaluation reveals specific patterns of risk factors for specific atherosclerotic complications. There is a prevalence of smoking in myocardial infarction of men while metabolic parameters predominate atherosclerotic complications in women. Diabetes and low HDL-cholesterol correlate with the incidence of mortality of myocardial infarction in men and women. Mortality in cerebral hemorrhage of men is associated with hypertension and hyperuricemia and the same atherosclerotic complication in women correlates with hypertension and diabetes. The pattern of risk factors in cerebral malacia with a lethal course differs from that in lethal cerebral hemorrhage. In men it is dominated by smoking and by hyperuricemia and in women by hypertension and by hyperuricemia. Finally, it is not the single risk factor that predisposes for atherosclerotic complications and for the mortality incidence of these diseases but it rather seems that the total of several risk factors results in severe atherosclerosis. In this pattern of risk factors single parameters seem to be exchangeable by others.
Adult↗
[Case report of a patient with intermittent fever, leucopenia and terminal fungal sepsis (author's transl)].
A fatal case of disseminated candidiasis with deep organ involvement is reported. The patient was employed as a radiologist for several decades and already showed X-ray-induced bone marrow damage at the onset of the disease. He suffered for several years from an unknown granulomatous systemic bacterial infection and had been treated with antimicrobial agents with varying degrees of success. Regarding prophylaxis of systemic Candida infections it is concluded that prolonged medication with glucocorticoids and antibiotics should be combined with the oral administration of antimycotic drugs in order to prevent invasion by potentially pathogenic fungi.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Adrenal Size and function after irradiation with 131I-6 beta-Iodocholesterol in rabbits.
Administration of high doses of 131I-6 beta-iodocholesterol to rabbits is followed by marked size reduction of the adrenal glands with concomitant changes of the histological structure and with a decrease of serum cortisol. Stimulation of 131I-6 beta-iodocholesterol uptake into the adrenals by additional administration of ACTH had only a minor additional effect on adrenal weight. However, with further accumulation of labeled cholesterol in the adrenals the radioactivity was reduced in blood urine, and the ovaries.
Adrenal Glands↗
Insulin and the in vitro protein synthesis of liver and skeletal muscle ribosomes in experimental acute uraemia.
Tissue dependent alteration of liver and muscle protein synthesis was previously observed in acute uraemia, when intracellular amino acids were used as substrate. Since protein synthesis depends also on substrate availability, it was of interest to investigate the role of isolated liver and skeletal muscle ribosomes of nephrectomized rats and their susceptibility to in vivo insulin stimulation. Under marked uraemic conditions, no difference was demonstrated between controls and uraemic animals; after insulin administration and in the presence of endogenous messenger both liver and muscle ribosomes showed an enhancement of [3H]-phenylalanine incorporation of 20% and 54% respectively in controls, and of 32% and 45% respectively in uraemic rats. This study may rule out the influence of acute uraemia on protein synthesis capacity of isolated ribosomes and emphasize the importance of intracellular amino acid availability in altered protein synthesis.
Acute Disease↗
[Influence of aging on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion (author's transl)].
Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in three different age groups, separately for men and women. Blood glucose and insulin levels were examined. Advanced age is associated with reduced glucose tolerance independent whether it is investigated by means of intravenous or oral glucose application. Concomitant examination of plasma insulin, however, differentiates between the intravenous and the oral glucose tolerance test. While the high insulin levels after oral glucose administration are rather increasing with age, the minor insulin reaction after the intravenous glucose route is decreasing with advancing age. Results of the intravenous and the oral glucose tolerance test reveal no difference between male and female subject as long as blood sugar is examined. However, insulin levels and the insulinogenic index are consistently higher in men than in women.
Adult↗
[Combined narcotic and hydrochloric acid poisoning with subsequent pyloric stenosis (author's transl)].
Reported on an oral hydrochloric acid erosion in addition to an intoxication with a narcotic drug. The patient recovered very quickly from the narcotic drug intoxication but developed pyloric obstruction within a few weeks. Only a Billroth II operation was able to restore a sufficient gastrointestinal function.
Adult↗
[Stability of insulin-bearing liposomes (author's transl)].
Stability and integrity of 125I-insulin loaded liposomes are temperature dependent. Only storage close to the phase transition temperature ensures their chromatographic integrity even after nine days. The pH of the buffer also affects the stability of the insulinliposomes. pH changes to 6.0 or 8.5 alter the elution pattern of the liposomes. The sensitivity of insulinliposomes to temperature and pH is of importance with regard to their in vivo application.
Administration, Oral↗
[Insulin and in vitro protein synthesis of isolated liver ribosomes in experimental acute uraemia (author's transl)].
Liver protein synthesis was shown to be enhanced in acute experimental uraemia, when intracellular amino acids were used as substrate. Since protein synthesis also depends on substrate availability and amino acid concentration is higher in uraemic liver cells, it was of interest to investigate the in vitro protein synthesis capacity of isolated liver ribosomes in the presence of standardized amino acids with and without in vivo insulin stimulation. It was demonstrated that protein synthesis capacity of isolated liver ribosomes remains unaltered in acute uraemia and can be stimulated by in vivo insulin application. Our data suggest that in acute uraemia, intracellular substrate availability plays the essential role in impaired liver protein synthesis.
Acute Disease↗
[Oral administration of insulin by means of liposomes in animal experiments (author's transl)].
Liposomes are an effective vehicle for the oral administration of insulin. They are prepared from lipid emulsions by sonication and particles of homogeneous size are generated by elution through sepharose columns. Liposomes are taken up into the gastric mucosa by endocytosis and then transported to the liver via the portal circulation. Oral administration of 10 U insulin/kg body weight to rats is followed by a reduction in blood glucose to 67% of the initial value. When liposome-trapped insulin was injected intravenously a decrease in blood glucose to 40% of the initial value was obtained by the administration of 5 IU insulin/kg body weight. While the effect of orally-administered liposome-trapped insulin is obvious, the problems of standardization of the insulin content of the liposomes and the great variability of liposome uptake into the gastric mucosa by endocytosis remain unsolved.
Administration, Oral↗
Somatostatin reduces the release of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) from PHA-activated mouse spleen lymphocytes.
PHA-activated lymphocytes release colony-stimulating activity (CSA) for macrophage-granulocyte precursor cells (colony forming units, CFUc) in the culture medium. Somatostatin, known to interfer with ribosomal protein synthesis, was demonstrated to reduce the release of CSA from PHA-treated mouse spleen lymphocytes.
Animals↗
Irradiation therapy with 131I-6beta-iodocholesterol of metapyralone induced adrenal hyperplasia in rats.
Marked weight reduction of rat adrenals was observed after 131I-6beta-Iodocholesterol administration whether or not the animals were treated with metapyralone. Damage or even histologic changes of the adrenals have not been found. Though the radiation dose is high with the applied dose of 131-i-6-beta-Iodocholesterol and might limit or even prevent its application in the treatment of human adrenal disease, the influence of endogenous irradiation on rat adrenals is obvious and justifies further investigations.
Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
Effect of in vivo administration of somatostatin on cell-free protein synthesis of pituitary and of adrenal ribosomes.
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Adrenal Glands↗
[Somatostatin].
Somatostatin, under physiological conditions, is a regulator of thyroid stimulating hormone, growth hormone, pancreatic islet-cell hormones and gastrin. In pharmacological dosage, gastric acid output, splanchnic blood flow and plasma renin levels, are influenced. A possible therapeutic effect on increased growth hormone secretion, disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, gastroenteropathies and renal hypertension, is discussed. The clinical application is limited by the short biological half-life of the substance and the unspecific action on several organs.
Acromegaly↗
[Scintigraphy of the adrenal glands].
The use of 6 beta-131I-Iodomethyl-Cholesterol as an adrenal imaging agent instead of 131I-19-Iodocholesterol has improved the szintigraphic visualization of the adrenals and radiation safety as well. Best results are obtained with respectively unilateral changes of the adrenals or with steroid producing tumors. Pheochromocytomas are diagnosed by decreased uptake of iodinated cholesterol by the adrenals. Possible therapeutic application of radiocholesterol in steroid producing tumors of the adrenals is discussed.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
[Anaemia with medullary myeloblastosis (author's transl)].
A case of refractory anaemia with medullary myeloblastosis (RAMM) is described. RAMM is a very rare disease and its relationship to aplastic anaemia and smouldering leukaemia is not clearly established. The diagnosis is confirmed by evaluation of the bone-marrow aspirate and ferrokinetic studies which demonstrate ineffective erythropoiesis. The disease is combined with leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and a hyperplastic bone-marrow. Our patient was monitored for 18 months, during which time her haematological findings remained stable. Since transformation into acute leukaemia occurs in about 25% of the cases, a bone-marrow culture study was performed in order to determine such a leukaemic transformation which is not detectable on examination by the light microscope. Culture studies are discussed along with some prognostic, therapeutic and pathophysiological problems of RAMM.
Aged↗
Familial islet-cell adenomatosis.
Familial multiple adenoma of pancreatic beta-cells is described for the first time. The occurrence of diabetes mellitus in different members of the family raises the possibility of a common genetic origin for the multiple islet-cell adenomas and the diabetic trait. The evidence suggests that this gene is autosomal and dominant, that it is not linked with the HLA antigens, and that is causes an abnormal sensitivity of the beta-cells, which become hyperplastic or hypofunctional.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
Inhibition by somatostatin of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate stimulated hepatic ribosomal protein synthesis.
Somatostatin which inhibits the secretion of various pituitary and intestinal hormones has been suspected to exert these effects by inhibiting adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate accumulation in the respective endocrine gland. Our results, obtained by cell free protein synthesis and by sedimentation through sucrose gradients of ribosomes, prepared from rat liver after incubation with cyclic AMP and/or somatostatin also suggest this antagonism between somatostatin and cyclic AMP. In addition, they indicate that this antagonism is not restricted to endocrine tissues.
Animals↗