The prevalence and distribution of enamel defects in four districts with different fluoride contents in the drinking water.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
K Haavikko
Publications and source records attributed to K Haavikko.
Prevalence of earlier sucking habits revealed by anamnestic data and their consequences for occlusion at the age of eleven.
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Age Factors↗
Tooth formation age estimated on a few selected teeth. A simple method for clinical use.
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Adolescent↗
Permanent tooth formation of children with congenital cyanotic heart disease.
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Adolescent↗
A cephalometric study of facial types and occlusion classes and relation between them in Finnish children.
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Adolescent↗
Skeletal development of Finnish children in the light of hand-wrist roentgenograms.
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Adolescent↗
The effect of crowding to the formation of permanent tooth.
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Adolescent↗
The effect of one or two maxillary premolar extractions on bite and arch dimensions in neutral occlusion.
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Adolescent↗
The reliability of orthopantomograms in determining the stage of resorption of deciduous teeth.
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Child↗
The physiological resorption of the roots of deciduous teeth in Helsinki children.
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Adolescent↗
Correlation between the root resorption of deciduous teeth and the formation of the corresponding permanent teeth.
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Adolescent↗
Hypodontia of permanent teeth. An orthopantomographic study.
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Adolescent↗
Hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in Finnish children affected with facial clefts. An orthopantomographic and clinical study.
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Anodontia↗
The formation and the alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth. An orthopantomographic study.
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Adolescent↗
The correspondence between the orthopantomographic and the clinical appearance of an erupting permanent tooth replacing a deciduous tooth.
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Adolescent↗
The correspondence between the orthopantomographic and the clinical apperance of an erupting tooth (first molar).
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Child↗
Lead concentrations of enamel and dentine of deciduous teeth of children from two Finnish towns.
The proton-induced x-ray emission method was used to analyze lead concentrations in enamel and dentine of deciduous teeth of 105 6- and 9-yr-old children living in two Finnish towns. Helsinki, the capital city, was assumed to represent high lead exposure and Kuopio, a country town in the middle of Finland, low or moderate lead exposure. In all but two teeth the enamel contained higher lead concentrations than dentine. The individual enamel-dentine lead concentration ratio was not stable but varied greatly. The median dentine lead concentration for 9-yr-old children in Helsinki and Kuopio was 2.0 ppm and 2.9 ppm, respectively, and for 6-yr-old children was 2.5 ppm and 2.7 ppm, respectively. The enamel lead concentrations found in 9-yr-olds in Helsinki and Kuopio were 4.2 and 4.5 ppm, and in 6-yr-olds were 9.1 and 4.4 ppm, respectively. The results reveal low or moderate lead concentrations. Nevertheless, a twofold and statistically significant (P less than .01) increase was found in the enamel of Helsinki children born in 1974 compared with those born in 1971.
Child↗