Tc-99m red blood cell imaging of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Hales
Publications and source records attributed to K Hales.
Trauma in the elderly.
One hundred geriatric patients who suffered injury severe enough to necessitate hospitalization were compared retrospectively to a random group of 100 younger patients. The elderly suffered different types of injury and died six times as often as their younger peers, even when controlled for injury severity. The PRE method was employed to examine outcome in both groups and was found to be strongly predictive of death in young patients. Age stratification aided significantly in predicting mortality in elderly patients. Regression analysis was employed to examine the data set to determine the relative importance of several variables in the prediction of ultimate mortality. By incorporating all the data from the entire data set, curves describing the contribution of age and shock to mortality corrected for all factors is possible. Increasing age after 65 increases mortality and this effect is dramatically increased by the presence of shock. This information may be useful in counselling the injured elderly and their families.
Adolescent↗
Further characterization of the interaction of polyoma virus and simian virus 40 with embryonal carcinoma cells.
The host restriction imposed on polyoma virus by embryonal carcinoma cells can be circumvented by mutations in the enhancer region of the viral genome. In addition, expression of the early viral genes can be induced by differentiating cells transfected with purified viral DNA. Although no host-range mutants of SV40 have been isolated, expression of T antigen from episomal genomes can be induced by differentiating the embryonal carcinoma cells transfected with microgram quantities of DNA. Further, transient expression of T antigen can be observed in the embryonal carcinoma cells following transfection with large amounts of viral DNA. In addition, replication of the A2 strain of polyoma in F9 cells is enhancer dependent but the SV40 enhancer can functionally substitute for the polyoma enhancer. The F9 host-range mutant TT340 contains five tandem repeats of the region surrounding the origin of replication, and it requires T antigen for replication. The parental strain (Toronto) of the mutant is able to replicate at low levels in a T antigen-dependent manner in F9 cells. This strain also has an unselected host range for PCC4 cells and the mutation in TT340 required for growth on F9 cells does not alter this inherent host range.
Antigens, Viral, Tumor↗
Characterization of a mutant polyoma that expresses in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells: morphology, tumorigenicity, and restriction enzyme analysis.
A mutant polyoma virus (TT340), which replicates in F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells and contains 2500 base pairs (bp) of additional DNA located in the early noncoding region of the genome, was analyzed to determined the DNA origin of the mutant insertion. Two fragments, representing repeated units of the 2500-bp insert, were isolated from TT340, labeled, and hybridized to the parental wild-type viral DNA. A BglI 500-bp unit, of which there are approximately five copies within the 2500-bp insert, contains sequences homologous to regions on the early and late side of the viral origin of replication. A HpaII 400-bp repeated fragment shows homology to sequences on the early side with little hybridization to the late side. Removal of the 2500-bp insert results in the loss of infectivity on F9 EC cells but not on 3T6 or mouse embryo fibroblasts. Insertion of the BglI 500-bp repeat element into wild-type DNA at the BglI site allows replication of the constructed virus in F9 cells. The mutant virions were tumorigenic in newborn Syrian hamsters and the morphology of the virus was that of wild-type as assayed by electron microscopy.
Animals↗
The role of column switching in analysing complex samples.
Our objective in using column switching is primarily to achieve the desired separation in the minimum analysis time. Complimentary to this aim is the need for sample and column cleanup followed by column re-equilibration. Finally, all operations should be capable of automation. Fundamental to column switching methodology is the concept of Zone cutting, where part of the chromatogram is transferred to another column. This forms the basis of sample cleanup and is a very versatile and powerful methods. Multiple zone cutting is also possible to further increase to scope of cleanup or to minimise analysis time. Zone cutting is also complimentary to the techniques of trace enrichment and recycling. Examples will be given involving the use of these techniques in the analysis of complex matrices such as urine, plant extracts, wine and serum. The latter will be used to propose a novel approach to the quantitative analysis of anti-convulsants in serum using hexobarbital as internal standard.
Anticonvulsants↗
Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines: a review.
The development, pharmacology, effectiveness, adverse reactions and clinical use of polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines are reviewed. Patients with sickle cell anemia, asplenic and elderly patients, infants and closed populations are particularly susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine induces a satisfactory antibody response wihin about two weeks which declines with time but generally remains elevated for at least 20 months after infection. The vaccine has been reported to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease by 76 to 100% and to reduce the carrier rate of pneumococci covered by the vaccine; however, infants younger than two years of age repond inconsistently. Local reactions to the vaccine (soreness at injection site, erythema, induration and tenderness) occur in 86% of adults and nearly all children. The incidence of adverse reactions increases on revaccination. The recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and Center for Disease Control on use of the vaccine are presented. Mass immunization with the vaccine is not recommended, but the vaccine may be of benefit in sickle cell, asplenic and elderly patients, and in closed populations.
Adult↗