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Biomedical subjects

K Handa

Publications and source records attributed to K Handa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A ceramide analogue inhibits T cell proliferative response through inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis and enhancement of N,N-dimethylsphingosine synthesis.

The ceramide analogue 1-phenyl-2-(decanoylamino)-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) (particularly the D-threo isomer, D-PDMP) caused inhibition of cell growth in some types of cells, and this growth-inhibitory effect has been attributed to inhibition of UDP-Glc:Cer beta-Glc transferase, resulting in reduced glycolipid synthesis and increased free ceramide [Inokuch, J., & Radin, N. S. (1987) J. Lipid Res. 28, 565-571; Okada, Y., et al. (1988) FEBS Lett. 235, 25-29]. In view of increasing evidence that the T cell proliferative immune response is modulated by glycosphingolipids (GSLs), the reagent D-PDMP was used to evaluate the role of GSLs in this respect. Con A induced or PHA-induced mitogenesis of C3H/HeJ mouse splenocytes, as well as IL2-dependent CTLL cell growth, were strongly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when cells were preincubated in the presence of 5-10 microM D-PDMP, but not with its stereoisomer L-PDMP. Closely associated with this growth-inhibitory effect in the presence of D-PDMP, levels of essentially all GSLs, including GM3 and other gangliosides, were greatly reduced, whereas ceramide accumulated. Importantly, metabolically labeled radioactive bands, corresponding to free sphingosine and N-monomethylsphingosine, were found to be present in very small quantities (5-12%) relative to the band corresponding to N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), which showed significant accumulation in D-PDMP-treated lymphocytes. The quantity of IL2 receptors and their affinity to IL2 on T cells did not change, but IL2-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation was greatly stimulated, following D-PDMP treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol consumption, serum lipids and severity of angiographically determined coronary artery disease.

The relation of alcohol consumption to serum lipids and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was examined in 212 men undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed in terms of the presence of greater than or equal to 75% diameter stenosis and the Gensini severity score. Alcohol consumption was divided into 4 categories: none (0 ml alcohol/week), light (1 to 100 ml alcohol/week), moderate (101 to 300 ml alcohol/week) and heavy (greater than or equal to 301 ml alcohol/week). Alcohol consumption was positively related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inversely related to total cholesterol, but was not associated with triglyceride. After adjustment for these serum lipids as well as for cigarette smoking and systemic hypertension, the risk of coronary stenosis was significantly decreased in the moderate drinkers. A decreased risk among moderate drinkers also was noted in terms of Gensini's severity score. These findings suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may protect against severe coronary atherosclerosis.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Relationship of cigarette smoking to blood pressure and serum lipids.

The relationship between cigarette smoking and blood pressure and serum lipids was studied in 1775 men aged 20-59 years, in non-drinkers and drinkers separately, controlling for body mass index and physical fitness (VO2max). While systolic blood pressure was not associated with cigarette smoking, diastolic blood pressure decreased with increasing levels of cigarette smoking in non-drinkers but not in drinkers. Total cholesterol was inversely associated with smoking cigarettes in drinkers and was not associated in non-drinkers. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased with an increasing degree of cigarette consumption in non-drinkers but not in drinkers. An increase in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and triglyceride levels was positively associated with smoking cigarettes regardless of drinking habit. The present study suggests that cigarette smoking is a cardiovascular risk factor, partly due to its effect of increasing the atherogenic index, but it remains to be consolidated whether chronic smoking has an effect of lowering diastolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of diffuse lung uptake of 201Tl in bronchopulmonary diseases].

201Tl scintigraphy was performed in various bronchopulmonary diseases. Applying semiquantitative and visual assessments of grade of 201Tl was observed in various broncho-pulmonary diseases with multiple or numerous abnormal shadows in the lung fields, and obvious lung uptake was also shown even in some cases with few or no abnormal shadows. Positive results of moderate and marked lung uptake of 201Tl more than 60.0% were obtained in diffuse interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, silicosis, the disseminated type of pulmonary tuberculosis and primary lung cancer. The ratio of radioactivity of the lung (maximum) to the upper mediastinum was 1.04 +/- 0.24 in healthy controls, and more than 2.0 in diffuse interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and silicosis. The ratio of radioactivity of the right lung to the administered dose of 201Tl was 1.5 +/- 0.9% in healthy controls, and more than 3.0% in diffuse interstitial pneumonia, silicosis, the disseminated type of pulmonary tuberculosis and primary lung cancer. Lung uptake of 201Tl was diffuse, homogeneous and marked in diffuse interstitial pneumonia and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, while it was scattered and slight in chronic obstructive lung diseases. 201Tl scintigraphy seems to be useful for detecting interstitial disorders of the lung including edema, inflammatory and granulomatous changes, especially in cases with slightly abnormal or normal chest X-ray films.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Estimation of pulmonary intravascular and extravascular spaces by 99mTc-albumin lung distribution ratio and 201Tl lung uptake ratio].

In order to estimate the pulmonary extravascular and intravascular spaces, lung uptake ratio of 201Tl (L/T) and lung distribution ratio of 99mTc-albumin (H/T'), expressed as ratios of total counts of the bilateral lungs to the administered doses of the radionuclides, were obtained from the both scintigrams with 201Tl and 99mTc-albumin respectively, using a scintillation camera coupling to a minicomputer. Mean values of L/T and H/T' were 2.8 +/- 0.8% and 4.9 +/- 1.4% in the controls, 3.9 +/- 1.8% and 5.3 +/- 1.9% in heart diseases without left heart failure, and 7.0 +/- 2.2% and 7.1 +/- 2.9% in those with left heart failure, respectively. Ratios of L/T to H/T' in diffuse interstitial pneumonia and heart diseases, especially in cases with left heart failure were higher than those in controls. The values of H/T' and L/T were inversely proportional to cardiac output and cardiac index, and the values of L/T were directly proportional to pulmonary artery wedge pressure, but the discrepancies of the relationship between these values and some clinical findings including cardiac output, cardiac index, pulmonary artery wedge pressure and other findings of left heart failure, were observed in not a few cases. In the regional pulmonary areas, lung uptake of 201Tl was in parallel with pulmonary perfusion in many cases, but the discrepancies between them were demonstrated in some cases, too. These methods seem to be useful for the estimation of the pulmonary extravascular and extravascular spaces, and for the detection of dysfunction of the left ventricle.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical significance of 201Tl lung uptake in heart diseases].

In order to evaluate the clinical significance of 201Tl lung uptake, 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy was performed in 675 cases with various cardiac diseases. The lung uptake ratio of 201Tl (L/T) was calculated by ratio of the total radioactivity of the unilateral lung to the injected dose of 201Tl in 69 cases. Using both 201Tl scintigraphy and cardiac pool scintigraphy with 99mTc-human serum albumin, images of 201Tl of the intravascular space and extravascular space were obtained in 14 cases. The image of 201Tl of the extravascular space was almost the same as the original 201Tl image as regards the pattern of 201Tl-distribution, and the lung uptake ratio of the former was 95.7 +/- 2.8% of that of the latter. The mean values of L/T of the right and left lung were 1.5 +/- 0.9%, 1.2 +/- 0.6% in the healthy lungs, 2.8 +/- 1.4% and 1.4 +/- 0.7% in heart diseases without left heart failure, and 4.4 +/- 1.8% and 2.6 +/- 1.2% in those with left heart failure, respectively. Increased lung uptake ratio of 201Tl, which was related to post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, prolonged pulmonary circulation time and findings of left heart failure, was observed more frequently in mitral valvular diseases (72.2%) and dilated cardiomyopathies (60.0%). Increased lung uptake of 201Tl was associated with normal or increased pulmonary perfusion in many cases or areas, but with pulmonary hypoperfusion in some cases with post-capillary pulmonary hypertension, in whom both increased lung uptake of 201Tl and pulmonary hypoperfusion were shown in the lower lung fields.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1990

[A case of Behçet's disease with hemoptysis and chest X-ray abnormality].

A 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis and dyspnea. Physical examination disclosed oral ulcer, acne and scrotal ulcer. Although ocular lesions were absent, the needle reaction was positive. Then we diagnosed this case as incomplete type of Behçet's disease. Chest X-ray showed diffuse retinolinear shadows in the entire lung field and an infiltrative shadow in the left middle lung field. CT-scan revealed interstitial shadows in the entire lung field, a wedge-shaped shadow in left S6 and aneurysmic dilatation of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery. Pulmonary angiography showed obstruction and aneurysmic dilatation of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery. Pathological examination of the TBLB specimen revealed thickening of the vessel wall, perivascular infiltrations of mononuclear cells, hemorrhage and slight thickening of alveolar septae. These findings were compatible with pulmonary lesions of Behçet's disease. After administration of corticosteroid, the symptoms and the chest roentgenographic findings improved. Pulmonary lesions of Behçet's disease were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Plasma fibrinogen levels as an independent indicator of severity of coronary atherosclerosis.

The relationship between plasma fibrinogen levels and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was examined in 229 patients, aged 25-82 years (162 men and 67 women), undergoing coronary angiography. Severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed in terms of the number of vessels with a 75% or greater stenosis and Gensini's severity score. Fibrinogen levels increased progressively with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, determined by both the number of involved vessels and Gensini's severity score in men, and the relationships were statistically significant. Similar patterns were noted among women, but the trends were not statistically significant. The association was evident even after adjustment for age, hypertension, total cholesterol, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and body mass index. These results provide evidence that in the Japanese also plasma fibrinogen levels can serve as an independent indicator of the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of 99mTc-albumin distribution ratio in the cardiac chambers and lungs].

In order to assess blood volume of the cardiac chambers and lungs, distribution ratio of 99mTc-albumin (HSA) was obtained from radionuclide angiocardiogram and non-gated or gated equilibrium cardiac pool scintigram, using a scintillation camera coupled to a minicomputer. The radio-activity of 99mTc of the entire cardiac blood pool including the large vessels (T), the right ventricle including the right atrium (RV) and the left ventricle (LV) was calculated from the 30 degrees anterior oblique cardiac pool scintigram. That of the both lungs (Lu) was calculated from the anterior cardiac pool scintigram. The radioactivity of total injected dose of HSA (H) was estimated from the initial transit of the tracer obtained by the radionuclide angiocardiogram. Then, distribution ratio of HSA of the each region of interest was expressed as RV/H, LV/H, T/H and Lu/H. RV/H, LV/H and T/H were 3.4 +/- 0.6%, 3.1 +/- 0.5% and 10.4 +/- 2.0% in controls, 6.0 +/- 0.8%, 2.6 +/- 0.8% and 14.2 +/- 2.4% in cor pulmonale, and 7.9 +/- 1.7%, 7.7 +/- 3.5% and 20.7 +/- 4.3% in heart diseases with left heart failure, respectively. Lu/H was 4.9 +/- 1.4% in controls, 4.4 +/- 1.1% in cor pulmonale and 6.6 +/- 1.9% in heart diseases without left heart failure. LV/H was correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic volume by contrast ventriculography. LV/H and RV/H were related with functional classification of NYHA. In conclusion, these parameters may be utilized as indices of the volume of blood pool of the heart chambers and lungs, and this method seems to be clinically applicable for the evaluation of pathophysiology in heart diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Estimation of regional pulmonary ventilation using perfusion lung scintigram].

Using perfusion lung scintigram, motion of the regional pulmonary area and lung edge during ventilation was analyzed in 30 patients with various respiratory diseases. Images at maximal inspiration (I) and expiration (E) were obtained after the intravenous injection of 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (222-370 MBq) using a scintillation camera coupling to a small digital computer. Radioactivity in each pixels (E and I) and number of pixels in the both lungs (AE and AI) were calculated from the image of E and I. Changes of the regional pulmonary radioactivity during ventilation were calculated according to an expression as (E-I)/I, and the image of (E-I)/I was obtained too. The image of (E-I)/I consisted of positive and negative components. The image of positive (E-I)/I visualized the motion of the regional pulmonary area, and sum of positive (E-I)/I in the both lungs was correlated with vital capacity (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). The image of negative (E-I)/I superimposed with the edges of the lung at maximal inspiration and expiration revealed the limits of the motion of the lung edge during ventilation. These results suggest that this technique is useful to estimate the regional pulmonary ventilation and motion of the lung edge.

Humans↗