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Biomedical subjects

K Haruma

Publications and source records attributed to K Haruma.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Correlation between the drinkability of beer and gastric emptying.

A subjective evaluation of beer drinkability and the degree of stomach fullness were found to correlate with the relaxed cross-sectional area of the pylorus antrum measured by real-time ultrasonography. Five kinds of beer with a different malt/adjuncts ratio and degree of attenuation were used. Each beer was given to 9 healthy volunteers at the rate of 3 ml/kg/15 min, and they each recorded the degree of stomach fullness, desire to drink and tastiness every 30 min. With increasing volume drunk, the degree of tastiness and desire to drink were lowered, and the degree of stomach fullness raised. The relaxed cross-sectional area of the pylorus antrum measured by an ultrasonic image analyzer every 30 min was highly correlated with the degree of stomach fullness, tastiness of the beer, and desire to drink (p = 0.0021, < 0.0001, 0.001). The beer giving the lowest degree of stomach fullness was appraised to be tasty and highly drinkable. These findings suggest that the rate of gastric emptying is one of the factors determining the drinkability of beer, and that measurement of the relaxed cross-sectional area of the pylorus antrum is useful to evaluate stomach fullness during beer drinking.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression of interleukin-8 correlates with vascularity in human gastric carcinomas.

Interleukin (IL)-8 is a multifunctional cytokine that can stimulate the division of endothelial cells. We examined the expression of IL-8 mRNA using Northern blot analysis and in situ mRNA hybridization (ISH) and protein production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry in 8 human gastric carcinoma cell lines and 39 gastric carcinomas and corresponding normal mucosa (34 surgical specimens and 5 biopsy specimens). Of the 8 human gastric carcinoma cell lines, 6 expressed 1.8-kb IL-8 mRNA and secreted various levels of IL-8 protein. The expression of IL-8 by TMK-1 cells was induced by exposure to IL-1 alpha, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-alpha, shown previously to be autocrine growth stimulators for human gastric carcinoma cells. In tumor tissues, most of the tumors (28 of 34 surgical specimens and 4 of 5 biopsy specimens) expressed IL-8 at higher levels than the corresponding normal mucosa. ISH and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that IL-8 mRNA and protein were localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The number of blood vessels in the gastric carcinomas was determined by using antibodies against CD34. The level of IL-8 mRNA in the neoplasms strongly correlated with vascularization (Spearman correlation, r = 0.812; P = 0.001). The data suggest that IL-8 produced by tumor cells may regulate neovascularization and, hence, the growth and spread of human gastric carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Significance of vessel count and vascular endothelial growth factor in human esophageal carcinomas.

The purpose of this study was to determine the angiogenic profile of human esophageal carcinomas. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined in 6 esophageal carcinoma cell lines and 119 human esophageal carcinoma tissues by Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD34 (endothelial cell specific) was carried out on archival specimens, and microvessels were quantitated by counting vessels in a x200 field in the most vascular area of the tumor. All of the cell lines constitutively expressed VEGF mRNA at various levels. A total of 71 of 119 (59.7%) tumors showed intense VEGF immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Vessel count was significantly higher in the VEGF-positive tumors than it was in the VEGF-negative tumors. VEGF expression correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, tumor stage, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion. The survival rate of patients with high vessel density in the tumor was significantly worse than that of patients with low vessel density in the tumor. There was a tendency for poorer prognosis in the group with VEGF-positive tumors compared with that of the group with VEGF-negative tumors. Overall, these results suggest that VEGF is associated with tumor progression by stimulating angiogenesis in human esophageal carcinoma.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1998

[Epidemiology of gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

We mentioned about epidemiology of gastrointestinal hemorrhage according to the clinical statistics. Most of recent reports has been investigated by emergency endoscopic examinations. Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was the most frequent and its clinical severity was severer than that of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hemorrhage from small intestine was rare, however they were mostly severe hemorrhage. Peptic ulcer was the most frequent disease as the upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Inflammation of colon was the most in the lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. However, the varied diseases were recognized as origin of small intestinal hemorrhage, non epithelial tumor and inflammation were important.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Effect of enprostil on omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia and inhibition of gastric acid secretion in peptic ulcer patients.

This study was performed to examine the effects of additional enprostil administration on hypergastrinemia and gastric acid suppression induced by omeprazole. Serum gastrin concentrations were measured in 10 peptic ulcer patients (six Helicobacter pylori-positive and four Helicobacter pylori-negative patients) before treatment, after two weeks of omeprazole (20 mg/day), and after two weeks of omeprazole and enprostil (50 micrograms/day). The additional acid inhibitory effect of enprostil was evaluated by 24-hr intragastric pH measurements in five healthy Helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers. After omeprazole treatment, the serum gastrin level of Helicobacter pylori-positive patients (3.5-fold of control) was markedly higher than that of Helicobacter pylori-negative patients (1.7-fold of control). Additional treatment with enprostil suppressed serum gastrin levels to 0.4-fold and 0.7-fold of omeprazole treatment levels in Helicobacter pylori-positive and Helicobacter pylori-negative patients, respectively. In healthy volunteers, median pH recorded during the nonmeal daytime interval increased significantly with additional enprostil. Thus, enprostil reduces undesirable omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia, especially in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients, and effectively suppresses acid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gastric corpus IL-8 concentration and neutrophil infiltration in duodenal ulcer patients.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the gastric body due to Helicobacter pylori infection and histological gastritis, as well as elucidating the effect of acid secretion inhibitors on H. pylori associated body gastritis in duodenal ulcer patients. METHODS: Twenty H. pylori-negative patients, 20 H. pylori-positive patients with chronic gastritis without peptic ulceration, and 20 H. pylori-positive duodenal ulcer patients (DU) were studied. Four biopsy samples were taken, each from the greater curvature of the antrum and body of the stomach. Biopsies were histologically investigated by ELISA to determine the density of H. pylori, the degree of neutrophil infiltration and the IL-8 concentration in the mucosa. RESULTS: In the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-negative subjects, no IL-8 and hardly any neutrophil infiltration were observed. In contrast, enhanced IL-8 production and increased neutrophil infiltration were present in those infected with H. pylori. In H. pylori-positive patients, a significant correlation was observed between the IL-8 concentration and the degree of neutrophil infiltration, but no correlation was found in the body mucosa of those with DU. Twelve of 20 DU patients demonstrated hardly any neutrophil infiltration, despite the increased mucosal IL-8 content in the body. The administration of omeprazole in DU patients markedly increased mucosal neutrophil infiltration even though it did not cause any significant change in the H. pylori density and IL-8 concentration in the body. Although the effect of omeprazole was transient, a significant increase in neutrophil infiltration continued in comparison with the status before omeprazole administration in those subsequently undergoing maintenance treatment with H2-blockers. CONCLUSION: In H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis, IL-8 concentration is enhanced in the mucosa of the body, and is associated with increased neutrophil infiltration. However, in DU patients, despite increases in body IL-8 concentration, neutrophil infiltration is reduced and the gastritis may be localized in the antrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, on gastric function evaluated by real-time ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND: Somatostatin exerts inhibitory effects on physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract. The actions differ, however, depending on the test meal, dose, and other factors. AIMS: To determine by use of ultrasonography and scintigraphy the effect of a somatostatin analog, octreotide, on gastric emptying and antral contraction. SUBJECTS: Twenty healthy men; mean age 23.9 years METHODS: Subjects were studied for 7 days, once after subcutaneous injection of octreotide, 50 microg, 5 min before the ingestion of a test meal and once after subcutaneous injection of placebo. Ten subjects received a liquid meal, 10 others received a solid meal. With the liquid meal, gastric emptying was measured 15 min after its ingestion and antral contraction was measured for 15 min by ultrasonography. With the solid meal, gastric emptying was measured both by ultrasonography (n = 10) and by simultaneous scintigraphy (n = 6), with antral contraction measured by ultrasonography for 5 h after ingestion of the meal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Octreotide given with a liquid or solid meal inhibited gastric emptying in healthy subjects. A significant suppression of antral contraction occurred only with a solid meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Reduced incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in young Japanese persons between the 1970s and the 1990s.

Although the incidence of gastric carcinoma in Japan has declined in the past several decades, there is no information about trends in helicobacter pylori infection. The purpose of the study was to clarify trends in H. pylori infection and in histologic gastritis in young Japanese subjects evaluated between 1975 and 1978 (the 1970s) versus 1991 and 1994 (the 1990s). The prevalence of H. pylori infection and the grade of gastritis in biopsy specimens were evaluated in 173 young Japanese without localized lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Findings in 75 specimens obtained from subjects in the 1970s were compared with those of 98 specimens obtained from subjects in the 1990s. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in the 1970s (54.7%) was significantly higher than that in the 1990s (28.6%) (p < 0.01). The grade of inflammation and the prevalence of both mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia also were significantly higher in the 1970s than in the 1990s (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Our data thus show a trend toward a reduced prevalence of H. pylori infection and of histologically apparent gastritis (especially atrophic gastritis). This decrease may be linked to the reported decline of gastric carcinoma in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The usefulness of gastric mass screening using serum pepsinogen levels compared with photofluorography.

Chronic atrophic gastritis, which is though to be a high risk for gastric cancer, can be diagnosed by serum pepsinogen levels. We compared the usefulness of the measurement of pepsinogen levels and indirect photofluorography as indicators of gastric cancer in a mass screening involving 5,620 Japanese subjects (mean age: 60.1 years old; male : female = 2,268:3,352) in 1991 and 1992. Subjects with a serum pepsinogen I level below 30 micrograms/liter or a pepsinogen I/II ratio below 2.0 were considered to be at high risk of gastric cancer. The incidence of gastric cancer and the ratio of early cancers detected by pepsinogen levels (0.12%, 4/7) were similar to those detected by photofluorography (0.11%, 4/6). Our results showed that mass screening using pepsinogen levels was as useful as indirect photofluorography for the detection of gastric cancer in Japan. In addition, our results showed that the sensitivity of gastric mass screening was increased when the measurement of serum pepsinogen levels was combined with photofluorography.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on subsequent development of cancer after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer.

Although epidemiological studies strongly suggest an association between gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection, there has been no clinical report indicating that cure of the infection prevents cancer. We conducted a nonrandomized H. pylori eradication trial in patients whose gastric cancer was removed by endoscopic resection (ER). We investigated the effect of treatment on the histopathology of the gastric mucosa, as well as on the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer during the long-term clinical and endoscopic follow-up. One hundred and thirty-two patients with early gastric cancer underwent ER and had H. pylori infection. Sixty-five (group A) were treated with omeprazole and antibiotics to eradicate the infection, and 67 (group B) were not. All patients were followed for 2 years post ER. After eradication treatment in group A, the disappearance of neutrophil infiltration in the antrum and body of the stomach was observed as was a decrease of the severity of intestinal metaplasia. Endoscopy after ER detected no new gastric cancers in these patients. After 3 years of follow-up, 6 (9%) of the 67 patients in group B had a new early-stage, intestinal-type gastric cancer endoscopically diagnosed. The above results suggest that H. pylori eradication may improve neutrophil infiltration and intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa and inhibit the development of new carcinomas. This finding should be confirmed in a randomized, controlled trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of pirenzepine on omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia and acid suppression in peptic ulcer patients.

Omeprazole effectively suppresses acid secretion, resulting in the long-term elevation of intragastric pH and serum gastrin level. Pirenzepine has been reported to inhibit gastrin secretion. This study was carried out to examine the effects of additional pirenzepine treatment on the hypergastrinemia and gastric acid suppression induced by omeprazole. Concentrations of serum gastrin and plasma somatostatin were measured in 28 peptic ulcer patients before treatment, after omeprazole treatment (20 mg/day) for 2 weeks, and after omeprazole and pirenzepine (100 mg/day) treatment for 2 weeks. The acid inhibitory effect of pirenzepine treatment in addition to omeprazole was evaluated by 24-h intragastric pH measurement in six healthy volunteers. Serum gastrin level was increased significantly, to 2.4-fold the pretreatment level, by omeprazole treatment. Additional treatment with pirenzepine suppressed serum gastrin level to 0.6-fold the omeprazole-treatment level. The serum somatostatin level was not altered significantly either by omeprazole treatment or by omeprazole and pirenzepine treatment. In healthy volunteers whose pH 3 holding time on 24-h intragastric pH monitoring was 70% by omeprazole treatment, omeprazole and pirenzepine treatment markedly increased the pH 3 holding time, to 89%. These findings suggest that pirenzepine is useful in reducing the undesirable effects of omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia, i.e., the excessive trophic effect of omeprazole on the acid-secreting part of the stomach and the overstimulation of acid secretion. The additional pirenzepine treatment is also effective in suppressing acid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition of cell growth by transforming growth factor beta 1 is associated with p53-independent induction of p21 in gastric carcinoma cells.

Cell cycle regulators such as cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and their inhibitors control the growth of cells. SDI1/CIP1/WAF1/p21 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cdks, whose expression is induced by wild-type p53. To elucidate the mechanism of growth inhibition by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta 1), we examined the effect of TGFbeta 1 on the expression of p21, G1 cyclins and cdks by human gastric cancer cell lines. TGFbeta 1 induced p21 expression and subsequently suppressed cdk2 kinase activity, followed by a reduction in phosphorylation of the product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene in TMK-1 cells, which are responsive to TGFbeta 1. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that TGFbeta 1 increased the level of p21 protein present in complexes with cdk2. In contrast, TGFbeta 1 did not induce p21 in TGFbeta 1-resistant MKN-28 cells. TGFbeta 1 did not affect the levels of p53 mRNA and protein in TMK-1 and MKN-28 cells, which contain mutated p53 genes. These mutated p53 complementary DNAs, when overexpressed, failed to activate transcription from the p21 promoter. Furthermore, TGFbeta 1 caused a reduction in the steady-state level of cyclin A protein concomitantly with inhibition of cdk2 kinase activity in TMK-1 cells. These results suggest that the growth inhibition of tumor cells by TGFbeta 1 is associated with p53-independent induction of p21, subsequent suppression of cdk activity and a decrease in cyclin A protein in TMK-1 cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Evidence that endogenous GRP in rat stomach mediates omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia.

To investigate the physiological role of endogenous gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in regulating the release of gastrin, we evaluated the response of intragastric pH, gastrin, and GRP after omeprazole treatment in rats. A significant elevation of the plasma level of GRP (P < 0.01) and a significant reduction of the antral content of GRP (P < 0.05) were observed after the administration of 100 mg/kg omeprazole. The antral content of GRP was significantly decreased 12 h after omeprazole administration and thereafter gradually returned to control levels. Peak values for intragastric pH and plasma GRP were observed 3 h after omeprazole administration and before the peak of serum gastrin. The bombesin antagonist [D-Phe6]-bombesin-(6,13)-methyl ester significantly inhibited gastrin release after omeprazole treatment (P < 0.05). These observations indicate that omeprazole-induced inhibition of acid secretion stimulates the release of GRP and suggest that the secretion of GRP induced by omeprazole may stimulate the secretion of gastrin, at least in the early phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Helicobacter pylori infection is the major risk factor for atrophic gastritis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of both Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and advancing age with increased prevalence of atrophic gastritis. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight subjects who had no esophagitis, peptic ulcers, or malignancies in the upper gastrointestinal tract were divided into three groups according to age: group A, < 30 yr; group B, 30-49 yr; group C, > or = 50 yr. Two biopsy specimens were obtained from the lesser curvature of the antrum and two from the anterior and posterior walls of the fundus to assess the degree of gastritis and histological evidence of Hp infection. Hp infection was evaluated by Giemsa staining and serum IgG antibodies. Serum gastrin (SG) and pepsinogen (PG) were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: In all age groups, the prevalence of atrophic gastritis was significantly more common in subjects with evidence of Hp infection. In Hp-positive subjects, the prevalence of atrophic gastritis increased with advancing age. Atrophic gastritis was extremely rare, regardless of age, in Hp-uninfected patients. SG increased, and PG I and the PG I:II ratio decreased with age in Hp-positive subjects. This trend was not apparent in Hp-negative subjects. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Hp infection is a stronger predictor than advancing age for atrophic gastritis.

Adult↗