Biomedical subjects

K Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Hashimoto.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Serum cholesterol reduction and cholesterol absorption inhibition in CaCo-2 cells by a soyprotein peptic hydrolyzate.

The serum cholesterol level in rats was significantly decreased in a group fed on a soyprotein peptic hydrolyzate (SPH) when compared with a group fed on a casein tryptic hydrolyzate (CTH). The fecal excretion of total steroids was significantly greater with rats fed on the SPH diet when compared with the CTH diet. The results of CaCo-2 studies clearly suggest that the suppression of cholesterol absorption in the intestinal epithelia is part of the mechanism for the hypocholesterolemic action induced by SPH.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid micelles caused by H2O2 in the presence of myoglobin.

We investigated the lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid micells caused by H2O2 in the presence of metmyoglobin by monitoring the oxygen consumption. O2 consumption usually consisted of two phases. In the first phase, it occurred slowly and linearly until the concentration of linoleic acid hydroperoxide reached a certain value, rapid consumption, presumably by a chain reaction, then followed in the second phase. No effects of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) on the induction period (the period during the first phase) and the maximum oxygen consumption rate (MOCR) in the second phase indicate that free ferric ions liberated from myoglobin had no role in any phases during the lipid peroxidation. The differing dose effects of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and sodium nitrite on the induction period and MOCR reflect their respective antioxidative mechanisms during lipid peroxidation.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1997

Protective efficacy of an affinity-purified hemolysin vaccine against experimental swine pleuropneumonia.

Protective efficacy of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae extracellular hemolytic toxins, RTX-toxin I (Apx I) and Apx II, was evaluated in pigs. The hemolysins were purified from culture supernatant of A. pleuropneumoniae strain HA-337, serotype 1 by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody specific for Apx I or Apx II as ligand. Four pigs were vaccinated with the purified hemolysins absorbed on aluminum phosphate gel adjuvant. Four pigs of a control group were given placebo. Hemolysin-neutralizing antibodies were detected only in vaccinated group after booster injection. One of four control pigs died following an aerosol challenge with the homologous strain, and three surviving pigs developed serious clinical signs of pneumonia and had extensive lung lesions. In contrast, there was no mortality in vaccinated group. Only transient hyperthermia was observed in two vaccinated pigs after challenge. A necropsy, two vaccinated pigs had slight localized pulmonary lesions, though the remaining two had no lung lesions at all. These results indicate that the hemolysin vaccine made of Apx I and Apx II has good protective activity against swine pleuropneumonia caused by A. pleuropneumoniae serotype.

Actinobacillus Infections↗

PubMed1997

Advanced glycation endproducts stimulate interleukin-6 production by human bone-derived cells.

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which result from nonenzymatic reactions of glucose with tissue proteins, have been shown to accumulate on long-lived proteins in advanced aging and diabetes mellitus. Thus, AGEs have been implicated in some of the chronic complications associated with these disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of the glucose-modified protein on the production of the potent bone resorption factors by cells derived from explants of human bone. AGEs stimulated the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the culture supernatants from the bone-derived cells and increased the levels of IL-6 mRNA in the cells. By contrast, the levels of IL-11 in the culture supernatants were not altered by AGEs, and the other bone resorption factors IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were undetectable (< 1.0 pg/ml) either without or with the treatment of AGEs. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays revealed that the transcription nuclear factor-kappa B, which is critical for the inducible expression of IL-6, was activated in the nuclear extracts from mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells treated with AGEs. These results suggest that AGEs are involved in bone remodeling modulation by stimulating IL-6 production in human bone-derived cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1997

Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis.

One hundred and twenty-four cases of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis have been reported since 1962. Nearly 60% of the cases in women involved inset of the disease in relation to pregnancy. Headache and visual field defects were the most frequent symptoms. Most patients showed signs of either isolated or multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiency. ACTH secretion was impaired the most frequently, followed by TSH, gonadotropins, GH and PRL secretion. One third of the cases involved hyperprolactinemia. Tissue from patients with lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis, also suffering from DI, revealed lymphocytic inflammation limited to the infundibulum, stalk, and neurohypophysis. Twenty of these 124 lymphocytic adenohypophysitis patients developed DI before treatment, and neuroimaging studies revealed thickening of the pituitary stalk in some. At least in a few cases, chronic lymphocytic infiltration occurred in both the infundibuloneurohypophysitis and adenohypophysis. Although both lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and infundibuloneurohypophysitis may be caused by autoimmune disorders, the antigens involved may differ.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

A rare case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenocortical adenomas.

We report a rare case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenocortical adenomas in a 45-year-old female. She suffered from diabetes mellitus and hypertension for a decade, but her appearance was not Cushingoid. The plasma cortisol level in the morning was at the upper limit of the normal range, but did not show a diurnal rhythm or was suppressed by 1 mg of dexamethasone. The plasma level of ACTH was undetectable, and it failed to respond to human CRH (hCRH). Plasma cortisol responded well to synthetic ACTH. The urinary 17-OHCS level was high, and was not suppressed by 4 mg of dexamethasone. While these findings were consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical adenoma, computed tomography showed several nodules in both adrenal glands that suggested the presence of huge nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia or bilateral adrenocortical adenomas. Bilateral adrenalectomy demonstrated the presence of three adenomas, two in the right and one in the left adrenal. Analysis of the extract from each adenoma revealed that two of the three produced an excess amount of cortisol. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain suggested the presence of pituitary adenoma. Prior to adrenalectomy, TSH, GH or LH showed a low response to TRH, GHRH or LHRH, respectively. Since normal responses were restored after bilateral adrenalectomy, these abnormalities were attributed to hypercortisolemia.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗

PubMed1997

Mutations in exon 7 of the GTP-binding protein Gs alpha were not a common cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy in Japanese.

The identification of unique point mutations in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) in different ethnic backgrounds has proved that defects within the Gs alpha gene account for Gs alpha deficiency in those patients. To search a mutation hot spot of the Gs alpha gene in Japanese patients, we have screened exons 2-13 of the Gs alpha gene for mutations in three unrelated Japanese PHP patients with AHO. We could find no abnormalities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and no mutations of sequencing of exon 7 in these subjects. This suggests that mutations in exon 7 of the Gs alpha gene may not be a common cause of PHP with AHO in Japanese.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Ultrasonographic findings in the periventricular region in premature newborns with antenatal periventricular leukomalacia.

Cranial ultrasonography was carried out at least three times a week during the first 16 days of life in all 53 premature newborns born within study period. If a cyst of more than three mm was detected in the periventricular region by fourteenth day of life, it was judged to be antenatal PVL. Periventricular echodensity was classified into mild, moderate or severe periventricular echodensity (PVE). Among 53 newborns, 11 babies (20.8%) were diagnosed as having antenatal PVL. Cysts were observed in the first two days in 9 cases (81.8%) out of 11 babies, and in bilateral periventricular regions in 8 cases (72.7%) out of 11 babies. All 3 babies with severe PVE in the periventricular region had PVL at the time of diagnosis or developed PVL shortely after severe PVE was detected.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1997

Trp64Arg mutation of beta 3-adrenergic receptor and insulin sensitivity in subjects with glucose intolerance.

We investigated the relationship between the Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene and insulin sensitivity, which was evaluated by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic-clamp technique, in 54 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who were not receiving insulin therapy. The frequencies of Trp/Trp, Trp/Arg, and Arg/Arg genotypes in the patients were 63.0, 33.3, and 3.7%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those of the 227 controls (67.0, 33.3, and 3.7%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those of the 227 controls (67.0, 31.3, and 1.8%, respectively). The mean glucose infusion rate of the 34 patients with Trp/Trp did not differ from that of the 18 patients with Trp/Arg (4.3 +/- 2.2 and 5.3 +/- 2.4 mg/kg/min, respectively); while that of the 2 patients with Arg/Arg was 11.5 mg/kg/min. There were no differences in the BMI or fat distribution in the abdomen between each genotype of patients, although the frequency of the Arg64 allele tended to increase with body mass index (BMI) in the control subjects under 60 years of age, which suggests that the mutation is involved in weight gain.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1997

Cholecystoparesis with diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

A 69-year-old male diabetic patient was hospitalized with pneumonia in February 1996. Abdominal ultrasonography performed as a routine examination on admission revealed marked dilatation of gallbladder with a fasting maximal size of 25.7 cm2 compared with 8.8 +/- 2.9 cm2 evaluated in 30 male healthy controls aged 67 +/- 8 years old. Four months after recovery from pneumonia, abnormal gallbladder dilatation remained unchanged (25.0 cm2), while dilatation had not been observed on an examination performed 6 years earlier (9.8 cm2). Because of accompanying neurological defects, we suppose that cholecystoparesis may be caused by progression of autonomic neuropathy in this patient with diabetes mellitus.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Fatality due to severe Salmonella enteritis associated with acute renal failure and septicemia.

A 66-year-old man was hospitalized for abdominal pain and diarrhea of more than 10 times a day. He had been under regular medication with prednisolone for rheumatoid arthritis. On admission, laboratory data and clinical examination indicated inflammation, dehydration, acute renal failure with a high level of serum musculogenic enzyme (creatine kinase), and ileus. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from his fecal and blood samples. The patient died within 24 hours after admission, and autopsy showed hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis localized to the ileum. Enterocolitis due to Salmonella enteritidis, which is usually an acute self-limited gastrointestinal illness, may occasionally be a serious and lethal disease.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1997

Circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in atherosclerotic NIDDM patients.

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) has been shown to be highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. Although the soluble form of VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) is detected in human sera, the relation between the degree of atherosclerosis and serum sVCAM-1 level has not been defined. In the present study, sVCAM-1 concentrations were measured in sera from 101 Japanese NIDDM patients. The mean +/- SD serum sVCAM-1 concentration in 26 patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic vascular diseases (789 +/- 187 ng/ml) was higher than that in 75 patients without the disease (664 +/- 175 ng/ml). Among the 101 NIDDM patients, 56 had atherosclerotic change of the carotid arteries, based on the evaluation by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Their sVCAM-1 level was 759 +/- 201 ng/ml, higher than that in 45 patients without any detectable atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries (619 +/- 130 ng/ml). In addition, there was a positive correlation between sVCAM-1 concentration and thickness of the intimal plus medial complex (IMT) of the carotid arteries in the NIDDM patients (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant predictors of mean IMT value to be sVCAM-1 concentration (F = 62.88, P = 0.0001) and age (F = 9.59, P = 0.0026). By contrast, sVCAM-1 concentration was not increased in nondiabetic patients with atherosclerotic change of the carotid arteries (668 +/- 191 ng/ml; n = 36) compared with those without the atherosclerotic change (632 +/- 177 ng/ml; n = 28), and there was no correlation between sVCAM-1 level and IMT of the carotid arteries in the nondiabetic subjects. These results indicate that circulating sVCAM-1 may be a marker of atherosclerotic lesions in NIDDM patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerosis.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

alpha-Fetoprotein-producing rectal carcinoma--a case report.

A case with an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing carcinoma originating from the rectum is described. A 71-year-old male patient, who underwent a rectectomy for rectal carcinoma, developed space occupying lesions in the liver and a remarkable AFP elevation (220,000 ng/ml) in the 6th month postoperatively, and then expired one year later. Histologically, the rectal carcinoma consisted of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and contiguous cancerous cells proliferating in either a medullary or trabecular pattern. In the "trabecular" areas, localization of AFP was confirmed immunohistochemically. Results of concanavalin A or lens culinaris agglutinin affinity chromatography demonstrated that it was between a hepatic type and a yolk sac type, and was considered to be an intestinal type. This could have been an AFP-producing rectal carcinoma, in which the patient experienced liver metastasis at a relatively early postoperative period and died. This shows that AFP-producing rectal carcinomas are highly malignant, biologically, similar to AFP-producing gastric cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Neonatal lupus erythematosus: studies on HLA class II genes and autoantibody profiles in Japanese mothers.

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a rare disorder of neonates characterized by two major clinical manifestations: congenital heart block and cutaneous lupus lesions. The disease is associated with placentally transferred maternal anti-Ro/SSA and/or La/SSB antibodies. To clarify possible class II HLA associations with maternal autoantibody responses, haplotypic and allelic distributions, along with the polymorphism of the MHC class II HLA alleles, were analyzed based on PCR-RFLP results in 25 Japanese mothers of two groups defined by precipitating autoantibody profiles. Among mothers with both anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies, but not those with anti-Ro/SSA alone, the class II haplotypes DRB1*1101-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301 and DRB1*08032-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0601 as well as individual class II alleles DRB1*1101, DRB1*08032 and DQB1*0301 showed significantly increased frequencies compared to those in normal controls. All anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB positive mothers carried DRB1 alleles that shared the same amino acid residues at positions 14-31 and 71 of the DRB1 chain. These mothers also carried homozygous or heterozygous DQ6 and DQ3 alleles that shared the same amino acid residues at positions 27-36 and 71-77 of hypervariable regions of the DQB1 chain. Furthermore, all mothers with both anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB were homozygous for DPB1*0501. Nine of 10 anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB-positive mothers, but only 6 of 15 mothers with anti-Ro/SSA alone, had affected infants. Thus, our findings suggest that there may be immunogenetic differences among mothers according to their autoantibody profiles, and that mothers with both anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB are more likely to have infants with NLE than mothers with anti-Ro/SSA alone.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Rearrangements of the BCL6 gene and chromosome aberrations affecting 3q27 in 54 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Chromosome aberrations affecting 3q27 are among the most frequent non-random abnormalities in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), especially the diffuse, large cell type. Recently, an association between BCL6 rearrangement and frequent extranodal lesions, rare bone marrow infiltration and a favorable clinical outcome was reported. We performed molecular studies of the BCL6 gene in 54 patients with NHL. Twelve patients (22%) with rearranged BCL6 genes were selected for histological, clinical, molecular, and cytogenetic studies. Ten of these cases were diffuse, large cell type lymphoma, one a follicular lymphoma, and one a mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). All cases were of the B-cell type and this is the first time a rearranged BCL6 gene has been found in an MCL. Cytogenetic data for 10 cases were available and the partner sites of the 3q27 translocation were determined in 7 of 10 patients. These locations were variable, including 6p21.3, 9p22, and 14q11 in addition to the immunoglobulin loci 14q32 (IGH), 2p12 (IGK), and 22q11 (IGL). The heterogeneity in partner sites is distinct from other lymphoma subgroups and may suggest that the genetic events are not uniform among patients with BCL6 rearrangements.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Treatment of gingivitis in elderly patients in a nursing home].

For 3 months, 4 patients in a nursing home for the elderly received supervised professional oral care in conjunction with oral hygiene instruction. Within the first month after the start of this program, plaque was reduced to 1/3 and gingivitis was reduced to 1/9 of their respective initial levels. In 5 patients who did not receive either oral hygiene instruction or professional oral care, plaque retention and gingivitis were unchanged. We conclude that professional oral care combined with oral hygiene instruction supervised by dental professionals can help to control gingivitis in the elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[Pharyngeal bacteria and professional oral health care in elderly people].

In 15 elderly residents of an old-age home, we measured the total number of bacteria and the numbers of streptococci and staphylococci in the pharynx over 5 months. Seven residents received professional oral health care from dentists and dental hygienists and eight practiced oral care by themselves or together with a helper. During the 5 months, the total number of bacteria and the numbers of streptococci and staphylococci decreased (p < 0.01) in those who received professional care. In contrast, the total number of bacteria and the numbers of streptococci and staphylococci neither did not change or increased in those who did not receive professional care. These findings show that professional oral health care by dentists and dental hygienists can decrease the total number of bacteria and the numbers of streptococci and staphylococci in the pharynx of elderly people, which might prevent aspiration pneumonia.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[Localization and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 in human prostate].

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases-7 (MMP-7), one of an extracellular matrixdegrading metalloproteinase, play an important role tumor invasion and metastasis. We investigated localization, biochemical characterization and mRNA expression of MMP-7 in prostate tissues. METHODS: Immunohistochemical method, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and northern blot analysis were performed using tissues of prostatic cancer, BPH and normal prostate. RESULTS: A latent proenzyme with Mr28,000 of MMP-7 was detected in the ductal epithelial cells of BPH and in the cytoplasm of cancer cell of the prostate. The ratio of mRNA expression in MMP-7/beta-actin was significantly higher in the tissue of the invasive prostatic cancer than those of normal prostate and BPH in northern blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MMP-7 may participate in the function of exocrine gland of normal prostate by preventing glandular obstruction and may play a role in invasion and metastasis of prostatic cancer.

Extracellular Matrix↗