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Biomedical subjects

K Hasumi

Publications and source records attributed to K Hasumi.

248 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Prenatal and postnatal toxicity induced in guinea-pigs by nitrosomethylurea.

Oral administration of NMU at maximally tolerated doses of guinea-pigs from day 34 to 58 of pregnancy induced embryotoxic effects, as evidenced by a high incidence of stillbirths and reduction in birth weight, and postnatal toxic effects, as evidenced by stunting, progressive mortality and extensive fatty degeneration of the liver in F1 progeny. Similar administration of NMUT at maximally tolerated doses did not induce such toxic effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pre- and postnatal toxicity induced in guinea pigs by N-nitrosomethylurea.

Oral administration of N-nitrosomethylurea at maximally tolerated doses to guinea pigs on alternate days from days 34-58 of pregnancy induced prenatal toxicity, as evidenced by a high frequency of stillbirths and intrauterine growth retardation, and postnatal toxicity, as evidenced by stunting and progressive mortality. Similar administration of N-nitrosomethylurethane at maximally tolerated doses did not induce such toxic effects.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical value of tumor markers for early detection of recurrence in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The clinical value of tumor markers for early detection of recurrence was investigated in 32 patients with cervical adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma who had recurrent tumors. METHODS: Serum levels of CA 125, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), in addition to clinical status at the time of recurrence were investigated. RESULTS: Among the 32 patients, 26 had no symptoms at the time of recurrence. In 20 patients, elevated serum levels of tumor markers were the first sign of recurrence. In 21 patients with recurrent adenocarcinoma, the positive rates were 14% (CA 125), 62% (CA 19-9), 29% (CEA), and 5% (SCC). There were 71% of cases positive for CA 19-9 and/or CEA. In 11 patients with recurrent adenosquamous carcinoma, the corresponding positive rates were 37% (CA 125), 46% (CA 19-9), 64% (CEA), and 55% (SCC), with 100% positive for CA 19-9, CEA, and/or SCC. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of CA 19-9 and CEA is probably the most promising for detection of recurrent cervical adenocarcinoma. For adenosquamous carcinoma, the additional use of SCC is recommended.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Müllerian adenosarcoma of the uterus: report of a case with imprint cytology.

BACKGROUND: Müllerian adenosarcoma is a rare morphologic variant of uterine sarcoma that, although well described histologically, is scarcely mentioned in the cytologic literature. CASE: A 75-year-old female was suspected of having atypical endometrial hyperplasia on an endometrial smear. However, subsequent imaging techniques revealed the presence of a bulky, polypoid mass filling the uterine cavity. On pathologic examination of the hysterectomy specimen, the polypoid tumor was diagnosed as mullerian adenosarcoma, homologous, with sarcomatous overgrowth, in which the sarcomatous component was compatible with high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Imprint smears of the tumor consisted of two morphologic patterns, sarcomatous and glandular. The sarcomatous tumor cells, with coarse chromatin and relatively scant cytoplasm, formed small aggregates or appeared alone. These cells were semiround or oval and had conspicuous nucleoli. In addition to these observations, small and large clusters of glandular cells with mild atypism were interspersed with the sarcomatous cells. CONCLUSION: Cytologic examination of müllerian adenosarcoma well reflects its pathologic features.

Adenosarcoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of a high-risk subgroup in cytology-positive stage IIIA endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To identify a high-risk subgroup among patients with cytology-positive stage IIIA endometrial cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-four stage IIIA endometrial cancer patients who were positive only on peritoneal cytology were divided into two groups based on the cytologic pattern of their peritoneal smears. In group A, malignant cell clusters had well-defined edges, while the tumor cell clusters had scalloped edges in group B. The prognostic significance of these findings was investigated. RESULTS: The five-year disease-free survival rate was 97.5% in group A (n=40) versus 50% in group B (n = 14). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the cytologic pattern had an independent influence on survival. CONCLUSION: Positive peritoneal cytology composed of malignant cell clusters with well-defined edges has no impact on survival. Only endometrial cancer patients who show tumor cell clusters with scalloped edges in peritoneal smears are worth considering for upstaging.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the vulva: report of a case with imprint cytology.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the vulva is an extremely rare disease, and, to our knowledge, only two cases have been previously reported. CASE: A 45-year-old woman presented with a mass in the right labium major. Three years after removal of the tumor, she noticed a new lesion in the same place and underwent a partial vulvectomy. The imprint cytology of the recurrent tumor showed a monomorphic appearance, composed of small round cells with scant cytoplasm against a hemorrhagic background. These tumor cells were loosely connective, but rosettelike structures were observed focally. On pathologic examination, the neoplasm was composed of small round tumor cells showing sinusoidal, diffuse or micropapillary growth. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells stained positively for neuron-specific enolase, vimentin and HBA 71 and negatively for cytokeratin, HBA 45 and muscle-specific actin. The morphologic characteristics of the disease were well expressed in the imprint cytology, and this influenced the selection of immunohistochemical studies. CONCLUSION: Cytologic examination for vulvar tumors, even imprint cytology, can be a useful tool in obtaining an accurate pathologic diagnosis of a rare disease, such as peripheral PNET.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphologic analyses of positive peritoneal cytology in endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the morphologic features of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in peritoneal fluids (effusions and washings) and macroscopic intraabdominal adenocarcinoma at laparotomy as well as prognosis. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-one patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma who showed positive peritoneal cytology at laparotomy were clinically divided into three groups: 25 patients with macroscopic neoplastic seeding in the peritoneal cavity (type 1), 38 patients without macroscopic peritoneal metastasis who survived with no evidence of disease (type 2) and 8 patients without macroscopic peritoneal metastasis who later developed recurrence of adenocarcinoma (type 3). Morphologic features of the adenocarcinoma cells in smears of peritoneal fluids were examined. RESULTS: Most of the smears from type 1 patients showed moderate to high cellularity, scalloped edges of cell clusters and isolated adenocarcinoma cells, whereas these features were seldom observed in type 2 patients. Although not all type 3 patients demonstrated these three features, patients in the series whose specimens exhibited none of the three features did not show any peritoneal lesions or have a recurrence of their disease. CONCLUSION: The finding of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells exhibiting high cellularity, scalloped edge of cell clusters and isolated cells in smears of peritoneal fluid is associated with the presence of intraabdominal macroscopic metastatic lesions and could be regarded as a risk factor for intraabdominal recurrence of carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical usefulness of endometrial aspiration cytology and CA-125 in the detection of fallopian tube carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical usefulness of endometrial aspiration cytology and CA-125 in the detection of fallopian tube carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Positive rates of gynecologic cytology and serum levels of CA-125 were examined in 20 consecutive patients with primary fallopian tube carcinoma before any treatment. RESULTS: The positive rates were 25% (5/20) for cervicovaginal smears and 50% (10/20) for endometrial aspiration smears in the absence of endometrial invasion. The positivity of endometrial aspiration cytology was not influenced by clinical staging or tumor differentiation. The presence of disease in all asymptomatic patients (4/4) was suspected by abnormal endometrial cytology. The features of endometrial cytology were consistent with those of extrauterine adenocarcinoma, from which ovarian carcinoma was unable to be differentiated. Serum levels of CA-125 increased with clinical staging. The positive rate for CA-125 was 20% in stage I, 75% in stage II, 88.9% in stage III, 100% in stage IV and 70% (14/20) in all cases. Eighty-five percent (17/20) of cases exhibited either positive endometrial cytology or elevated CA-125 levels. CONCLUSION: The series suggests that the use of endometrial cytology combined with determination of serum CA-125 levels covers most cases of fallopian tube carcinoma and is a potent aid in the detection of this rare disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytotoxic agents active against mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cytotoxic agents active for mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary (MACO) which is considered to be intrinsically platinum-resistant. We first conducted in vitro chemosensitivity tests assessing cytotoxic activities of various anti-cancer agents against MACO using a cell line, designated OMC-3, established from ascites of a patient with histologically pure MACO. The most active single agent was SN-38 (active substance of CPT-11 in vivo). The second most potent agent was mitomycin-C (MMC) followed by doxorubicin (DOX). In vivo chemo-sensitivity test of agents on OMC-3 transplanted into Balb/c nude mice demonstrated that MMC was most potent, followed by DOX. Moreover, a combination of CPT-11 and MMC exhibited the highest anti-tumor activity in this animal model. Cisplatin was found to be ineffective in both the in vitro and in vivo experimental system. Clinical trial with a combination of MMC and CPT-11 are justified in patients with MACO.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of human urinary macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the immune functions and the blood cell counts in patients with ovarian carcinoma receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.

The present study investigated the effect of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on the immune functions and blood cell counts of patients with ovarian carcinoma receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy (CTX). Seventy-five consecutive patients with white blood cell counts less than 3,000/microl after CTX were randomly assigned to receive either M-CSF (human urinary macrophage colony-stimulating factor: hM-CSF, 8x106 U as 7-day intravenous infusions) or no treatment. Immune assays in addition to routine peripheral blood examinations were performed on these patients at various time points. hM-CSF dosing significantly increased monocyte, lymphocyte, granulocyte, and platelet counts that were decreased by CTX. hM-CSF also significantly enhanced lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activities, which was accompanied by a significantly augmented interleukin (IL)-2 production. Interestingly, IL-2 production was enhanced by hM-CSF dosing in 24 of the 27 patients with a pre-hM-CSF level of IL-2 below 10 U/ml, but such an effect was not observed in nine of the 10 patients having a basal value of 10 U/ml or higher. Thus, hM-CSF is considered to be a cytokine that can augment or regulate immune functions impaired by CTX and increase blood cell counts that are decreased by CTX.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of epithelial membrane antigen in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors.

The value of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors was investigated using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique on 91 histologic sections (88 tumors and 3 normal tissues) and 39 ascitic fluid smears (28 from patients with epithelial ovarian tumors and 11 from cases of myoma uteri). The rate of positive EMA staining was highest in malignant tumors (89.2%), second highest in tumors of low malignant potential (33.3%) and lowest in benign tumors (25.0%); normal ovarian tissues were negative for EMA. Of the malignant tumors, all 48 serous cystadenocarcinomas (100%) and 18 of 26 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas (69.2%) stained positively for EMA. In serous cystadenocarcinomas, the EMA staining was mainly localized on the luminal membrane of cells in well-differentiated tumors, but appeared on the entire cell surface and cytoplasm of cells in poorly differentiated tumors. The results of EMA staining on ascitic fluid smears were almost the same as the results for the histologic sections. The intensity and the localization of EMA staining were related to the grade of malignancy in these ovarian tumors. In comparison with staining for other antigens (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-125 and human keratin protein), EMA was found to be one of the most sensitive markers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and cytologic aspects of primary fallopian tube carcinoma. A report of ten cases.

The clinical and cytologic findings in ten cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma, a very rare malignancy, are presented. All ten patients had vaginal pool (V), cervical (C), endocervical (E) and endometrial aspiration (EA) smears examined preoperatively; peritoneal smears were also prepared from cul-de-sac fluid aspirated during surgery. In the preoperative cytodiagnosis, some of V, C, E and EA smears were positive for malignant cells in six of the ten patients (60%). Examination of the EA smear was the most effective means of discovering this disease. A watery discharge was noted in two patients, both of whom were negative in the preoperative cytodiagnosis. In such patients, it is necessary to repeat the smear examinations. The cytologic appearance of this disease is contrasted to that of endometrial carcinoma.

Adult↗