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Biomedical subjects

K Heald

Publications and source records attributed to K Heald.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

The influence of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) status of bladder tumours on the course of the disease.

Retinoids influence bladder tumour development in animals and tumour recurrence in man. Some human tumours contain intracellular receptor proteins for retinoids. The effect of the presence of such retinoic acid receptors (RAR) on tumour response to conventional therapy has been studied in 59 patients. Thirty-two of 36 RAR+ve and 11 of 23 RAR-ve tumour patients were alive after a mean follow-up period of 2.6 years. Higher stage and grade were more commonly associated with RAR-ve tumours. Independent of stage, recurrence was more common in RAR-ve tumours. These studies suggest that RAR-ve tumours are more likely to recur and more likely to become invasive. However, further studies are required to determine the clinical value of RAR receptor status as a prognostic indicator.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Affecting the supply of rural physicians.

A model describing physician supply and distribution is described. Two surveys obtained information to examine elements of the model. The first survey identified a group of primary care physicians that had considered rural locations but ultimately selected an urban location. This sub-group, 29 per cent of the primary care supply pool, received a follow-up survey to provide more information about how they made their choice. About one-half of them finally chose on the basis of factors other than metropolitan/non-metropolitan considerations. For this half, some of the factors that entered into the decision were the availability of physician specialists, nearby hospital facilities, and access to medical school programs. Such factors could be affected by future policy decisions, but the cost is unknown. Even if such policy decisions were made, and appropriate programs instituted, the results would probably not solve the problem of disproportionate physician distribution. The most likely-to-succeed approach to increasing the number of rural physicians remains that of increasing the number of entrants to medical school with a rural background.

Career Choice↗