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Biomedical subjects

K Heinritzi

Publications and source records attributed to K Heinritzi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Ban of the use of metomidate (Hypnodil) in swine. Background, consequences and alternatives].

Since the beginning of 1997 the use of the hypnotic drug metomidate (Hypnodil) in swine is not longer allowed. This ban caused a substantial therapeutic deficit for anesthesia in swine. The ban is based on provisions of the European Council Directive 2377/90 for fixing maximum residue limits (MRL) of veterinary drugs in animal-derived food and due to the fact that the pharmaceutical industry has not submitted any application for determining an MRL for metomidate. According to the regulations of the German drug law only those substances can be used as alternatives which are authorized for use in swine or another food-producing animal species. Registrations for use in swine exist for the barbiturates thiamylal and narcobarbital, for ketamine and for the neuroleptics azaperone, acepromazine and propionylpromazine. In the exceptional case of therapeutic emergency levomethadone or xylazine can be used. The administration of propofol, thiopentone, opioids (except levomethadone) or benzodiazepines (except brotizolam) to swine is not allowed since these drugs are authorized only for use in humans or companion animals. At present the most appropriate alternative for anesthesia in swine is thiamylal after premedication of azaperone and ketamine inducing general anesthesia with sufficient tolerance at low risks. In current studies general anesthesia with tolerance could further be produced by combinations of levomethadone, ketamine and azaperone or xylazine. Combined use of levomethadone with benzodiazepines appeared to be not suitable in swine.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1997

[Porcine proliferative enteropathy in feeders and breeder sows].

Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) was recognized as an important economic factor in pig production. In the following, three cases of PPE in pigs presented for necropsy are discussed. The animals were raised in a stud stock and a weaning production facility in Bavaria. The clinical signs described in the history indicated a herd problem with hemorrhagic diarrhoea and paleness being the cardinal signs. The diagnosis was based upon gross and histopathological findings and was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The different types of manifestation of the disease seen in the two production facilities are discussed in the context of the current literature on etiology and pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Prophylactic effect of specific egg yolk antibodies in diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) in weaned piglets].

In this study, the protective effect of specific egg yolk antibodies on diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli K88 (F4) was investigated with 179 weaning piglets in a double-blind field trial. The piglets were divided into three groups. The antibody group received egg powder with specific antibodies to E. coli K88, K99, 987P, and rotavirus, while one control group was fed with egg powder without specific antibodies and a second control group received no egg powder at all. The piglets were fed ad libitum. The egg powder was offered in a 5% feed ration. Compared with the control groups, the piglets of the antibody group showed significant differences (P < 0.05, chi 2-test) in the parameters rate of diarrhea (17.2%) (antibody group) to 60.7% (control egg group) or 56.7% (control group without egg powder), severity of symptoms (5.2-39.3% or 26.7%) and frequency of additional treatments (8.6-55.7% or 51.7%). Because of the additional treatments, no difference could be found in body-weight gain. In control groups, three piglets died, while no pigs died in the antibody group.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The cerebrospinal fluid from healthy pigs and pigs with central nervous system diseases].

CSF samples were taken from 50 healthy pigs of both sexes and cytologically and biochemically examined. With the aid of regression calculations it was investigated, whether deep freezing of CSF samples influences the laboratory results. The parameters glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, magnesium, anorganic phosphate, AST and AP were in good agreement with the values of the original samples exhibiting only slight variations. Minor age relationship was only seen with respect to the two enzymes LDH and HBDH. A linear relationship was found between values in CSF and in serum of the parameters urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium. CSF examination should include cell count, Pandy's test and bacteriological investigation as well as the determination of the levels of the enzymes LDH and HBDH. The activity of the enzymes AST and ALT increases along with the severity of the tissue damage (meningitis). The specific gravity increases similarly to the total protein level in cases of chronic compression of the spinal cord, and Pandy's test becomes positive. However, CSF glucose levels are partly reduced in animals with central nervous symptoms. The levels of the enzymes AP and CK are often increased in central nervous disturbances, but do not admit drawing a conclusion on the degree of damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of immunosuppressive treatment on Eperythrozoon suis infection and porcine peripheral-blood natural-killer-(NK) cell activity.

The effects of immunosuppressive treatment on natural-killer-cell activity and the manifestation of eperythrozoonosis in swine were investigated. After infection with Eperythrozoon suis (E. suis), German Landrace piglets received daily intravenous (i.v.) applications of cyclophosphamide (CY, Endoxan) on 6 consecutive days. A combined immunosuppressive treatment using azathioprine (Imurek), a single application of dexamethasone (Devan), and two injections of anti-asialo GM1 serum (1:50) was performed with a piglet over a period of 9 days. Leucocyte counts, differential blood-cell count, and microhaematocrit and rectal temperature were controlled. Direct microscopic observation of E. suis organisms was performed in Giemsastained blood smears. Immunosuppressive treatment resulted in relative lymphocytosis and transient agranulocytosis. CY and azathioprine therapy caused a temporary increase of E. suis organisms in red blood cells. Natural-killer-(NK) cell activity mediated by nylon-wool non-adherent peripheral-blood mononuclear leucocytes (NAD-PBML) was recorded during and after immunosuppressive treatment of pigs infected with E. suis. Cytotoxic activity of NK cells was consistently reduced after two CY injections and further decreased to 70-100% of the initial NK-mediated tumor cell lysis. NAD-PBML of two E. suis infected animals were monitored for cytotoxicity during CY immunosuppressive treatment and were compared to Percoll density separated NK effector cells derived from the same blood sample. Enhancement of NK-cell activity by density separation of NAD-PBML was not longer possible on days 3 and 4 during CY treatment, indicating a decrease of NK cells in peripheral blood. In vitro, only a high dose of CY (4 microgram/ml) suppressed cytolytic activity of NAD-PBML. Short-term treatment with immunosuppressive agents did not replace splenectomy in inducing clinically apparent eperythrozoonosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Acute myeloid leukemia (promyelocytic leukemia) with detection of virus particles in a boar. Histologic, histochemical and ultrastructural findings].

Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare finding in swine. A case of acute promyelocytic leukemia is described by light microscopy, enzyme- and immunohistochemistry as well as electron microscopy. Tumour cells can be demonstrated in bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine and myocardium. The tumorous neutrophil precursor cells are positive for naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase and lysozyme. They show ultrastructurally numerous granules as typical for promyelocytes. Virus particles of the oncorna-c-type can be demonstrated within the tumour cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The application of sonography for swine].

The application of sonography at pigs has hitherto been confined to gynecological questions. In this examination applicabilities of the ultrasonic method are examined from the internal point of view. The sonographical normal picture of organ structures and the value of this method as aid for diagnosis of clinically manifest changes are shown. A 5MHz linear-scanner and a 3.5 MHz convex-scanner (76 degrees) turned out to be suitable. 112 patients of the Clinic of Internal Medicine II and additional 35 healthy pigs were examined. Preliminary examinations were made with isolated organs, which were scanned in a water bath. The sonographical findings of pathological changes could be secured by the postmortem findings. Within the scope of the main examinations, manners of representation and sonographical appearance of liver, gall-bladder, kidneys, urinary-bladder, stomach, lungs, muscular system, spine and transponder were elaborated. The standardized measuring of liver and kidney proved statistically secured dependencies among the measuring data and were significantly related with the body-weight. The ultrasonic guided puncture of gall-urinary bladder and of liquor cerebrospinalis could be carried out successfully.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Tibial nerve and fibular nerve paresis in pigs after intramuscular injection in the caudal thigh muscle (case report)].

Paresis of the hindlimb in piglets after intramuscular injection of various therapeutics in the caudal thigh muscles were observed. The injection was followed by inflammatory changes of the muscle tissue at the injection site. The tibial and fibular nerve were enclosed in the alterations and showed a distinct to complete loss of nerve fibers resulting in clinical signs of paresis. The affected hindlimb was dragged on the dorsal digital surface. The piglet showed an extended consecutive swelling and ulceration below the hock and loss of the claws. These findings strongly demonstrate the necessity of a correct intramuscular injection in piglets, which should be done in the lateral neck muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Microsporum canis as the origin of an enzootic outbreak in swine. A case report].

We report on the outbreak of dermatomycosis caused by Microsporum canis at a bavarian pig breeding and fattening farm. Clinical signs were shown mainly by younger pigs. Microsporum canis could be identified in skin scrapings of pigs, cats, and the farmer's daughter by culture and fluorescence microscopy. Questions of epizootiology, diagnostics and therapy are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Significance and course of a cold agglutinin in Eperythrozoon suis infection of swine].

After infection with Eperythrozoon suis, pigs began to produce cold agglutinins of immunoglobulin type IgM, that because of the similarity between the pathogenic antigen and antigen on the erythrocyte membrane caused agglomeration. The progression of this cold agglutinin was measured with an enzyme immunoassay especially invented for this purpose, and compared with serum-IgM, agglutination strength, pathogenic effect as well as number of erythrocytes in the blood. The cold agglutinin extracted from the erythrocyte membrane at 40 degrees C showed, in comparison to the initial figures, a higher level (1259 micrograms/ml) at 6 days after the illness peak, reaching its maximum (2435 micrograms/ml) at 12 days. Similar results were achieved at lower extraction temperatures (22 degrees C, 0 degree C). A high correlation could be shown between the levels of IgM and of cold agglutinin, as well as the parallel increase in the agglutination strength of the blood. At the time of maximal pathogenic effect, no agglutination of blood was observed. The number of erythrocytes decreased in acute phases of an attack to a constant mean of 2.32 Mill./microliters of blood and then increased, at the same rate as the cold agglutinin level decreased, almost reaching normal values. These experiments confirm the fact that an organism following an infection with Eperythrozoon suis, begins to produce cold agglutinins. Due to structural similarities between the pathogen and the erythrocyte antigen the cold agglutinin causes temperature dependent agglutination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of different methods of tooth resection in suckling piglets].

Epizootic examinations were made on 796 newborn piglets to test the consequences of the resection of a piglet's canine and lateral incisor teeth on its first day of life. As a comparative examination the resection was carried out with side-cutter pliers or with the teeth grinder PIGMATIC 110. A third group of piglets was not treated. Histological, radiographic and bacteriological examinations were made of 10 piglets--in each case with piglets with the resection with side-cutter pliers or with the teeth grinder. 48% of ground teeth reacted with an inflammation of the pulp. The clipping of the crown of teeth with side-cutter pliers caused pulpitis in 92% of the teeth. Inflammation of the gingiva could almost only be seen around clipped teeth. Splinters only occurred with teeth which had been clipped with side-cutter pliers. Gingivitis and pulpitis extended along the splinters to the bottom of the root. Bites among the litter mates were more frequent in the group of piglets whose teeth had not been treated than in the group of piglets with resected teeth. Compared to the grinding or the clipping of needle teeth, bites to the sow's udder were much more frequent if the resection had been omitted. During the whole period of examination the mortality of piglets was at its lowest in the group of piglets with clipped teeth. The development of grinding instruments for the resection of needle teeth presents a method which reduces the negative consequences of the conventional resection with side-cutter pliers and shows clearly the advantages of resection. In terms of animal welfare, teeth resection is an amputation and therefore every case requires veterinary justification.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Prevention of myopathies and cardiomyopathies in swine using magnesium aspartate hydrochloride].

The efficiency of magnesium-aspartate-hydrochloride (MAH) in prophylaxis of porcine stress-induced myopathy was investigated. For the examination a conveyor belt was used. MAH was administered orally or intramuscularly. Clinical investigations, blood specimen collections and ECG were carried out before and after running. Stress-induced tachypnoea and tachycardia and hyperthermia were reduced after both forms of administration of MAH. The enzyme activity of CK, LDH and alpha-HBDH increased slighter after oral and i. m. application. The increase of serum glucose concentration as well as serum lactate level were reduced after oral and i. m. substitution with MAH. In the ECG apart from the relative diastolic period all time values were significantly prolonged after MAH-substitution. The results indicate that several stress-induced changes of clinical and metabolic parameters can be reduced by administration of MAH.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of Eperythrozoon suis infection on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes].

Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was tested in weaned pigs experimentally infected with Eperythrozoon (E.) suis. Acute eperythrozoonosis of splenectomized pigs led to an increase of osmotic fragility. It is supposed that E. suis infection causes a structural change in erythrocyte membrane. Possible mechanisms of this cell membrane injury are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isolation of cold agglutinins in Eperythrozoon suis-infected pigs.

A simple and reliable procedure is described for isolating the cold agglutinins associated with Eperythrozoon suis-infection in swine. After initiating microagglutination by cooling the blood samples, the erythrocytes were separated by density-gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-Paque, resuspended in RPMI-medium and warmed to 40 degrees C. The cold agglutinins could be removed from the supernatant by a subsequent centrifugation. Double immunodiffusion, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that the cold agglutinins isolated consisted of IgM antibodies exclusively. Their ability to induce agglutination in cooled erythrocytes from healthy pigs confirmed that they were genuine cold agglutinins. The method paves the way for more detailed investigation into the mechanisms of this agglutinating disease.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1992

[Detection of inhibitors in swine urine with MICUR-BT].

The immersible culture medium MICUR-BT used in human medicine for the detection of antimicrobial substances in the urine was tested for its suitability in pigs. In in-vitro tests, 15 pure antibiotic substances, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary injection preparations with no direct antimicrobial effect were checked. The agar perforation test was used as a reference procedure. In a total of 65 pigs the detectability of 9 pure antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary drugs with no direct antimicrobial effect was tested after oral or parenteral application. In the in-vivo tests the MICUR-BT test turned out to be more reliable than the agar perforation test. In 76.9% of the untreated pigs below 30 kg b.w. the MICUR-BT-test showed an antimicrobial effect. Such effects were reduced by 38.3% in the reference procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Light and electron microscopic studies of Eperythrozoon suis].

A light and electron microscopic study was carried out on pigs experimentally infected with Eperythrozoon (E.) suis during the acute and chronic phase of infection. During the acute phase Eperythrozoon organisms can be recognised by light microscopy as bright to dark orange points or circles. In contrast, in the chronically infected pigs E. suis appear as bright yellow or green small dots on the edge of the erythrocytes or in the plasma. By scanning electron microscopy, immature, juvenile and mature forms of E. suis could be seen on the same erythrocyte during the acute phase. In chronically infected pigs ring-shaped, rounded resting-stage forms, measuring about 1 micron in diameter, can be observed.

Acridine Orange↗