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Biomedical subjects

K Hermansen

Publications and source records attributed to K Hermansen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The acute impact of ethanol on glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol,and free fatty acid responses and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effect of ethanol on insulin sensitivity, and glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), and triacylglycerol responses in ten patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes. In the test study an oral dose of 0.66 g ethanol/kg followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 0.1 g ethanol/kg per h was given to maintain a constant ethanol level in the blood. In the control study identical volumes of oral water and intravenous saline (9 g NaCl/l) were given. After 90 min insulin sensitivity was determined by the hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic clamp technique. Ethanol caused no change in blood glucose or insulin concentrations. The FFA level was suppressed by ethanol while the triacylglycerol level was unaffected. The insulin sensitivity was not affected by ethanol. No major acute effect of ethanol on the glycaemic control in fasting type 2 diabetic patients was found in comparison with what is seen in healthy people. The present study, along with the sparse literature, indicates that the ability of ethanol to induce hypoglycaemia is attenuated or absent in diet-treated type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we found no change in insulin sensitivity. Consequently, the risk of acute ethanol-induced aberrations in carbohydrate metabolism in diet-treated type 2 diabetes seems to be less than previously expected, when alcohol is not taken as a part of a meal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Differential effects of saturated and monounsaturated fat on blood glucose and insulin responses in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

To compare the metabolic effect of coingestion of saturated and monounsaturated fats with potato, 12 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) received 300 g mashed potato alone or in combination with 40 g olive oil, 80 g olive oil, 50 g butter, or 100 g butter, respectively. The blood glucose response area to potatoes with 100 g butter (448 +/- 68 mmol.240 min/L) was significantly lower than after the four other meals: 596 +/- 63 (potato alone), 649 +/- 82 (potato + 40 g olive oil), 587 +/- 80 (potato + 50 g butter), and 604 +/- 81 (potato + 80 g olive oil) nmol.240 min/L, P < 0.05, respectively. The insulin response was significantly increased by adding 50 and 100 g butter, whereas addition of 40 and 80 g olive oil had no effect. The fatty acid concentration was higher when 100 g butter was added to the potato meal than when it was not (0.67 +/- 0.05 compared with 0.48 +/- 0.07 mmol/L, P < 0.05). Fatty acid concentrations were similar to those found for the other meals. The triacylglycerol response increased in a dose-dependent manner with the fat content of the meals irrespective of the type of fat. We conclude that butter increases the insulin response more than does olive oil, and large amounts of butter also increase fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Influence of parboiling and physico-chemical characteristics of rice on the glycaemic index in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of parboiling, amylose content and gelatinisation temperature of rice on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Twelve NIDDM subjects ingested high (27%) and low amylose content five test meals of 50 g available carbohydrates as white bread, cooked polished rice with high (27%) and low amylose content (12%) with different gelatinisation temperature and as nonparboiled and parboiled. The meals were taken in random order after a 12h fast with approximately 7 days interval. RESULTS: The glycaemic indices (GI) of all rice varieties were lower than that of white bread (P <0.001). Furthermore, GI of parboiled rice with a high amylose content was lower than that of parboiled rice with a low amylose content (50 +/- 7 vs 73 +/- 7, P <0.01). No differences were 47 +/- 4, n.s.), nor between non-parboiled and parboiled rice (50 +/- 7 vs 53 +/- 7, n.s.). Insulin responses to the five test meals were not significantly different in the NIDDM subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In NIDDM subjects the investigated rices were all low glycaemic as compared to white bread,independent of parboiling and physico-chemical characteristics. The mildparboiling process used did not influence GI. The study showed that the amylose content, but not the gelatinisation temperature, may be an useful criterion in selection of low GI rices also after parboiling.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effects of galanin on proinsulin mRNA and insulin biosynthesis in normal islets.

Whether the potent insulinostatic neuropeptide galanin also inhibits insulin production in normal islets is not known. Therefore, isolated mouse islets were incubated for 90 min in 2.8 or 16.7 mmol/l glucose and 3H-labelled leucine with addition of mouse galanin at 1, 10 or 100 nmol/l. Galanin potently inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at both 10 and 100 nmol/l (P < 0.05), and proinsulin biosynthesis was slightly inhibited at 100 nmol/l (P < 0.05). Also, mouse islets were incubated for 48 h at 5 or 16.7 mmol/l glucose with galanin at 1, 10 or 100 nmol/l and proinsulin mRNA was determined by hybridisation of extracted RNA with digoxigenin-labelled oligonucleotide insulin probe. Proinsulin mRNA levels were approximately doubled by glucose at 16.7 mmol/l compared at 5 mmol/l (P < 0.05). Galanin did not affect islet proinsulin mRNA levels. Therefore, galanin seems to mainly regulate insulin secretion without any important role in the regulation of insulin availability in normal islets.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Favourable effect of olive oil in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The effect on blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels of a high-fat diet rich in monounsaturated fat compared with a carbohydrate-rich diet].

To compare blood pressure, glucose and fat metabolism after a high-fat diet rich in monounsaturated fat reduced day time systolic (131 +/- 3 vs. 137 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.04) and 24-hour systolic blood pressure (126 +/- 8 vs. 130 +/- 10 mmHg, p < 0.03) as well as day time diastolic (78 +/- 2 vs. 84 +/- 52 mmHg, p < 0.02) and diurnal diastolic blood pressure (75 +/- 6 vs. 78 +/- 5 mmHg, p < 0.03) as compared with the high-carbohydrate diet. Evidence of improved glucose tolerance on the high-monounsaturated diet compared with the high-carbohydrate diet were found with lower fasting blood glucose (6.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.5 mM, p < 0.05), lower average blood glucose levels (7.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.6 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and peak blood glucose responses (9.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 11.3 +/- 0.7 mmol/l, p < 0.02). Similar levels of fasting triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL cholesterol were found after the two diets.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1995

Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are influenced by dietary monounsaturated fatty acids.

We have previously demonstrated a lowering effect on von Willebrand Factor (vWF) of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) as compared with a high-carbohydrate diet. In the present study 16 non-insulin dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects participated in a cross-over experiment on an out-patient basis comparing the effects on vWF of three weeks treatments with two diets similar in carbohydrate and protein content, one rich in MUFA (30 energy %) and one rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (30 energy %). Before and on the last day of the two diets, the levels of vWF, fibrinogen, fibronectin and alpha 2-macroglobulin were measured. After 3 weeks diet intervention vWF levels were lower after the MUFA regimen compared with the PUFA diet (mean +/- SD) (1.15 +/- 0.36 vs 1.32 +/- 0.42 U/ml, p = 0.003). Similar and unchanged levels of fibrinogen, fibronectin and alpha 2-macroglobulin were seen. In conclusion, three weeks on a diet rich in MUFA lowers vWF as compared with a PUFA rich diet, suggesting a beneficial effect of MUFA on the endothelium in NIDDM patients.

Cross-Over Studies↗
PubMed1995

Urinary albumin excretion rate and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in NIDDM with microalbuminuria: effects of a monounsaturated-enriched diet.

Previous studies have shown that unsaturated fat-enriched diets may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, whereas little is known about the effects on albuminuria. In a 3-week cross-over design we compared the effects of a currently recommended high-carbohydrate diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat [10% monounsaturated fat]) vs a diet rich in monounsaturated fat (30% carbohydrate, 50% fat [30% monounsaturated fat]) on urinary albumin excretion rate, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and metabolic control in ten NIDDM patients with persistent microalbuminuria. The 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was similar before and after both the high-carbohydrate diet (mean +/- SD: 145/78 +/- 25/10 vs 143/79 +/- 19/10 mmHg (NS) and the monounsaturated fat diet: 140/78 +/- 16/8 vs 143/79 +/- 15/8 mmHg (NS). No changes were observed in day or night-time blood pressures. Urinary albumin excretion rate was unaffected after 3 weeks' treatment by the diets: from (geometric mean x/divided by tolerance factor) 32.4 x/divided by 2.1 to 36.0 x/divided by 1.9 micrograms/min (NS) vs from 34.2 x/divided by 1.9 to 32.1 x/divided by 2.1 micrograms/min (NS). Fasting plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and HbA1c as well as lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were stable during both diets. Compared to the high-carbohydrate diet a reduction in the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was observed during the monounsaturated fat diet (p < 0.03). In conclusion, compared to a high-carbohydrate diet, 3 weeks' treatment with a monounsaturated fat diet did not affect the levels of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure or albuminuria in microalbuminuric NIDDM patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of the effects on the diurnal blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetic subjects.

The influence on blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipid levels of an exchange of polyunsaturated fatty acids with monounsaturated fatty acids in the diet was compared in 16 Type 2 diabetic outpatients. In a cross-over study design the patients were randomly assigned to 3 weeks treatments with a diet containing 30% energy as monounsaturated fatty acids, or an isoenergetic diet with 30% energy as polyunsaturated fatty acids. The contents of total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and fibre were similar in the two diets. On the last days of the two diet periods, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured and the responses of glucose, hormones, and lipids to a carbohydrate rich test meal were measured. As compared with the polyunsaturated fatty acids diet, the monounsaturated fatty acids diet reduced 24-h systolic (129 +/- 11 vs 124 +/- 8 mmHg (mean +/- SD), p = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (76 +/- 11 vs 73 +/- 8 mmHg, p = 0.02). The two diets had similar, beneficial effects on glycaemic control, and cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations. A diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids has beneficial effects on the blood pressure, while similar effects on glucose and lipid levels are observed in normotensive Type 2 diabetic subjects.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Early recognition of autonomic dysfunction in microalbuminuria: significance for cardiovascular mortality in diabetes mellitus?

The appearance of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients predicts development of macroalbuminuria and coronary heart disease. Autonomic dysfunction in ischaemic heart disease is related to an increased incidence of arrhythmic deaths. To assess sympathovagal balance in relation to microalbuminuria we performed 24-h spectral analysis of RR interval oscillations in 37 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Patients were divided according to urinary albumin excretion as normo-(< 20 micrograms/min) (n = 12), micro-(> 20 and < 200 micrograms/min) (n = 14) and macro-albuminuria (> 200 micrograms/min) (n = 11). None had symptoms or signs of ischaemic heart disease at clinical examination or during stress testing. Fourteen matched healthy subjects served as controls. Overall RR interval variability was calculated as the 24-h standard deviation. The square root of power of the low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) component were considered indices of the sympathovagal interaction and vagal function, respectively. Patients with micro and macroalbuminuria had, compared to control subjects, significantly reduced 24-h standard deviation, a much smaller day/night difference in mean RR level and a significantly reduced amplitude of the low frequency and high frequency oscillations, which were even more reduced in macroalbuminuria. The differences in vagal function were also present after correction for mean RR level, and differences in physical training level and smoking. Insulin-dependent diabetic patients who develop microalbuminuria have significantly impaired vagal function and abnormal sympathovagal interaction, which is further deranged in macroalbuminuria. This early autonomic dysfunction may later contribute to a increased risk for sudden cardiac death.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Decrease in von Willebrand factor levels after a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

High levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) have been reported in diabetics with vascular complications, suggesting a role for this protein in the development of cardiovascular complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Recently, a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) has been found to improve glycemic control and decrease diurnal blood pressure as compared with a high-carbohydrate (H-CHO) diet in NIDDM subjects. To study the impact of MUFA on the hemostatic system, we compared the levels of vWF, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin before and after 3 weeks on a high-MUFA (H-MUFA) diet and on an isocaloric H-CHO diet in 15 NIDDM subjects. In a crossover study, the patients were randomly assigned to a H-CHO diet (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat [10% MUFA]) or a H-MUFA diet (30% carbohydrate, 50% fat [30% MUFA]). Before and on the last day of the two diets, vWF, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were measured. The H-MUFA diet caused a decrease in vWF from 1.31 +/- 0.08 to 1.13 +/- 0.08 U/mL (P < .004), whereas an unchanged level was observed after a H-CHO diet (1.19 +/- 0.11 v 1.25 +/- 0.11 U/mL, NS). The relative changes in vWF during 3 weeks on a H-MUFA and on a H-CHO diet attained -12.5% +/- 3.2% versus 5.7% +/- 3.5%, respectively (P < .0001). Furthermore, unchanged levels of fibrinogen, fibronectin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin were seen after usage of the two diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cross-Over Studies↗
PubMed1994

Effect of alcohol on glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and triacylglycerol responses to a light meal in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

Alcohol accounts for 4-6% of the average energy intake in most Western countries. Alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia is a well-known and feared complication in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, but little attention has been paid to the impact of alcohol on carbohydrate metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects the acute metabolic effects of a moderate amount of alcohol taken with a light meal, conditions chosen to mimic an everyday situation. The patients received 500 ml non-alcoholic beer with an alcohol content (ml/l) of 0 (treatment A) and 54 (treatment B) together with a light meal, implying identity of the contents of ingredients except for alcohol. We found similar serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acid and triacylglycerol responses irrespective of addition of a modern amount of alcohol. In conclusion, a moderate amount of alcohol can be taken with a meal without eliciting hypoglycaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Spectral components of short-term RR interval variability in healthy subjects and effects of risk factors.

Cardiac neural control can be estimated by frequency domain characterization of RR interval variations. This technique may become a clinical tool, as autonomic dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of sudden cardiac death. The study was designed to investigate 24-h cardiac autonomic control in 104 healthy subjects aged 40-77 years and to evaluate the impact of gender, age, smoking and physical training level. The sympathovagal balance was evaluated by spectral analysis of RR interval oscillations. The square-root of power of the high- (HF; 0.15-0.40) and low-frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) bands were considered indexes of the vagal function and of the sympathovagal interaction, respectively. In addition, the precise centre frequency of the LF and HF oscillations was determined. The vagal mediated respiratory-dependent HF oscillation exhibited a clear circadian variation, and obtained the highest power values during sleep. The centre frequency was significantly lower during sleep (0.26 Hz vs 0.28 Hz), probably due to a slower respiratory frequency at night. Values for vagal tone were higher in physically trained subjects throughout the 24-h, and decreased by 13% for every 10-year increase in age; it was also reduced in smokers. The amplitude of the LF oscillation exhibited no clear diurnal variation. The mean LF/HF ratio was 3.1. LF power was much higher in males, was reduced by 15% per 10 year increase in age, and was lower in sedentary and smoking subjects, throughout the 24-h. The mean centre frequency of this component was reduced with advancing age (0.08 to 0.06 Hz from age 40 to 80 years). LF and HF power correlated positively, (r = 0.68), and 46% and 16% of the interindividual variation in LF and HF power, respectively, was explained by the four factors (gender, age, smoking, physical activity). Thus gender, age smoking and physical training level have a significant impact on the power and centre frequency of the HF and LF components. These effects must be addressed in investigations on autonomic balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of postprandial exercise on glycemic response in IDDM subjects. Studies at constant insulinemia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of postprandial exercise on blood glucose responses in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Two identical test meals were served with a 7-day interval. On one occasion, a 30-min cycle exercise was performed 15 min after the meal. Patients had achieved normoglycemia by means of an artificial pancreas (Biostator) before the meals, which also ensured constant insulin infusion in the study periods. Seven IDDM subjects attending the outpatient clinic at Aarhus Kommunehospital were studied. RESULTS: The 30 min of cycling reduced postprandial blood glucose response areas by 34 +/- 12% (P < 0.01) from 638 +/- 30 to 492 +/- 61 mmol/l x 180 min (P < 0.03), whereas similar peak blood glucose values were found (13.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 12.0 +/- 1.3 mmol/l). CONCLUSIONS: Thirty minutes of moderate exercise done postprandially reduces the blood glucose response to 50 g carbohydrate by about one-third.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The glycaemic index of spaghetti and gastric emptying in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: In the dietary treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) great interest has been focused on foods with low glycaemic indices. Spaghetti has a low glycaemic index, but in NIDDM the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. We investigated whether the low glycaemic index in spaghetti was the result of a retarded gastric emptying. DESIGN: Randomized study. SETTING: Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Aarhus County Hospital. SUBJECTS: Eight NIDDM in-patients participated without drop-outs. INTERVENTIONS: Paracetamol was used as a marker of the gastric emptying. On three different occasions the patients ingested 40 g of carbohydrate as: (1) spaghetti without paracetamol, (2) spaghetti containing 1.5 g paracetamol, and (3) mashed potatoes with 1.5 g paracetamol added. During the 4 h observation periods blood samples were drawn frequently. The spaghettis were industrially manufactured. RESULTS: The spaghetti meals induced similar glucose and insulin responses. The potato meal induced significantly higher glucose and paracetamol areas [607 +/- 108 vs 284 +/- 54 mmol/l*240 min (P = 0.02), and 18,668 +/- 999 vs 4979 +/- 369 mumol/l*240 min (P < 0.02)] as well as lower emptying index (time(peak)/peak concentration ratio of paracetamol) [2.1 +/- 0.3 vs 0.4 +/- 0.1 (P = 0.001)], as compared with the spaghetti meal. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the ingestion of spaghetti was associated with a slower gastrointestinal accessibility of the carbohydrates, which accounts for the low glycaemic index of spaghetti in NIDDM subjects.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1993

Wine for type 2 diabetic patients?

To ensure an acceptable quality of life for Type 2 diabetic patients, the food recommendations have to be as liberal and individualized as possible. Unfortunately, disagreements exists about the consumption of different types of wine. Diabetic patients are advised by some to restrain their wine intake and to use dry wine containing little carbohydrate, while others are more liberal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dry and sweet wine on the glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes. Twelve diabetic patients consumed a light meal with either 300 ml tap water 300 ml dry white wine, 300 ml sweet white wine with ethanol added or 300 ml dry white wine with glucose added. Similar glucose, insulin, and triglyceride responses were obtained in all four situations. There was a greater suppression of the free fatty acid levels in the three situations with wine as compared with water (p < 0.001). This effect may be caused by an attenuation of the free fatty acid mobilization and esterification of free fatty acids to triglycerides induced by alcohol. Our results indicate that patients with well-controlled Type 2 diabetes can drink moderate amounts of wine with meals without risking acute deterioration of glycaemic control. Whether the wine is dry or sweet has no impact on the glycaemic control.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of meal frequency on blood glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids in NIDDM subjects.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of meal frequency on blood glucose, serum insulin, and FFAs in 12 NIDDM subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects were assigned in random order to two 8-hr observation periods after an overnight fast. They received isocaloric diets with similar composition either as six small or as two large meals. At the end of each study period, an IVGTT was given. RESULTS: Two large meals induced an 84% greater maximum amplitude of glucose excursions than six small meals (6.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.5 mM, P < 0.005) and higher insulin responses (P < 0.03). The Kg response to an IVGTT did not differ in the two situations. The average FFA level was lowest in response to frequent meals (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A higher meal frequency acutely subdues glucose excursions and reduces insulin and FFA levels during the daytime in older NIDDM subjects.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1993

Effects on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels of a high-monounsaturated fat diet compared with a high-carbohydrate diet in NIDDM subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid levels of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with an isocaloric, high-carbohydrate diet in 15 NIDDM subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A crossover design with diet interventions and wash-out periods of 3 wk was applied. The patients were randomly assigned to a 3-wk treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet containing 50% of energy as carbohydrate and 30% of energy as fat (10% of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids) or an isocaloric diet with 30% of energy as carbohydrate and 50% of energy as fat (30% of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids). On the last day of the two diets, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured and day profiles of glucose, hormones, and lipids were performed to a test menu rich in carbohydrates. RESULTS: The diet rich in monounsaturated fat reduced daytime systolic (131 +/- 3 vs. 137 +/- 3 mmHg, P < 0.04) and 24-h systolic blood pressure (126 +/- 8 vs. 130 +/- 10 mmHg, P < 0.03) as well as daytime diastolic (78 +/- 2 vs. 84 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.02) and diurnal diastolic blood pressure (75 +/- 6 vs. 78 +/- 5 mmHg, P < 0.03) as compared with the high-carbohydrate diet. Evidence of lowered blood glucose levels on the high-monounsaturated diet compared with the high-carbohydrate diet were found with lower fasting blood glucose (6.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.5 mM, P < 0.05), lower average blood glucose levels (7.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.2 +/- 0.6 mM, P < 0.04), and peak blood glucose responses (9.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 11.3 +/- 0.7 mM, P < 0.02). The two diets had the same impact on lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS: A diet rich in monounsaturated fat has beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism, whereas no adverse effects on lipid composition in NIDDM subjects is detected.

Analysis of Variance↗